Electrochemical Energy Storage

The electrochemical storage of energy has become essential in assisting the development of electrical transport and use of renewable energies. French researchers have played a key role in this domain but Asia is currently the market leader. Not wanting to see history repeat itself, France created the research network on electrochemical energy storage (RS2E) in 2011. This book discusses the launch of RS2E, its stakeholders, objectives, and integrated structure that assures a continuum between basic research, technological research and industries. Here, the authors will cover the technological advances as well as the challenges that must still be resolved in the field of electrochemical storage, taking into account sustainable development and the limited time available to us.

INTRODUCTION vii

CHAPTER 1. BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS: SOME REMINDERS 1

1.1. Main evolution of batteries from the 1980s to now 1

1.2. Supercapacitors: recent developments 8

CHAPTER 2. ADVANCED LI-ION 11

2.1. Positive electrode materials for Li-ion technology 11

2.2. Negative electrode materials for Li-ion technology 14

2.3. The question of electrolytes for Li-ion technology 15

CHAPTER 3. CAPACITIVE STORAGE 17

3.1. Carbonated materials for capacitive storage 17

3.2. Pseudocapacitive materials 18

3.3. Electrolytes for supercapacitors 20

3.4. Hybrid systems and middle-term goals 21

CHAPTER 4. NEW CHEMISTRIES 23

4.1. Li-air technology 24

4.2. Li-S technology 27

4.3. Na-ion technology 29

4.4. Redox-flow technology 32

4.5. All-solid state batteries 36

CHAPTER 5. ECO-COMPATIBLE STORAGE 41

5.1. Ionothermal synthesis 42

5.2. Bioinspired synthesis/approach 42

5.3. Organic electrodes for “green” Li-ion batteries and more durable batteries 45

5.4. Recycling and LCA 47

CHAPTER 6. SMART MATERIALS 49

6.1. Photonics of insertion materials to create photo-rechargeable batteries 50

6.2. Micro-energy sources 51

CHAPTER 7. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, RESEARCH PROMOTION AND EDUCATION 53

7.1. Development: industrial property 53

7.2. Education 54

7.2.1. Erasmus Mundus Master’s degree: Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion (MESC) 55

7.2.2. Specialization in Energy Storage and Conversion (SCE), at ENSCBP (Bordeaux – INP) 57

CONCLUSION 59

BIBLIOGRAPHY 63

INDEX 75

Jean-Marie Tarascon is Professor at Collège de France, Paris, France and part of a research group that focuses on new sustainable batteries using abundant elements as well as promising systems such as lithium-air batteries.

Patrice Simon is Professor at University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. He is affiliated with the CIRIMAT laboratory (UMR 5085) where he mainly researches supercapacitors (improved energy density, etc.).