{"product_id":"earths-natural-hazards-and-disasters-isbn-9781119217718","title":"Earth's Natural Hazards and Disasters","description":"\u003cp\u003eNatural hazards are present in every part of planet Earth. Sometimes a natural event – such as extreme weather, a volcanic eruption, earthquake or disease outbreak – turns into a disaster for humans, the environment, and the economy.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eEarth’s Natural Hazards and Disasters \u003c\/i\u003eis a textbook for undergraduates that challenges students to think critically about disasters. It explains the science behind natural events and explores how to understand risk and prepare for disasters.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout this volume:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers hazards in the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExplains the science of hazards in accessible terms\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDetailed case studies of specific disasters for each type of natural event\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExplores data-based risk mitigation strategies\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDiscusses the roles of scientists, public officials, and the general public in hazard management\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContributors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xlv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to Natural Disasters 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBethany D. Hinga\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The Earth System 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Natural Disasters 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Types of Disasters 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Definitions 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Disasters Are Predictable 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 The Human Factor 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Increasing Risk 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Calculated Risks 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 The Role of Government in Vulnerability and Preparing for Disasters 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Disasters and Social Change 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Community Response 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12 Chapter in Review 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Geologic Events as Hazards\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Plate Tectonics 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBethany D. Hinga\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Continental Drift 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 New Data: Magnetism 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Seafloor Spreading 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Plate Tectonics 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Earth Structure 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Plate Boundaries 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Subduction Zones 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Collision Zones 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Transform Boundaries 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Hotspots 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Conclusion 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 Chapter in Review 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Volcanoes 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBethany D. Hinga\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 A Lengthy Eruption With an Unexpected End 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Magma Generation 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Volcano Behavior 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Types of Volcanoes 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 The Case of Mount St. Helens 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Hazards of Composite Volcanoes 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Mitigation 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Chapter in Review 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Earthquakes 101\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBethany D. Hinga\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 What Is an Earthquake? 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Seismic Waves 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 How Do Earthquakes Work? 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Earthquake Hazards 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Prince William Sound Earthquake 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Mitigation Strategies 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Conclusion 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Chapter in Review 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Tsunamis 145\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBethany D. Hinga\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Unimak Island Earthquake and Tsunami, 1946 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Wave Creation 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Wave Characteristics 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Wave Parameters 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Case Studies 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Landslide-Generated Tsunami 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Mega-Tsunamis 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Volcano-Generated Tsunamis 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Mitigation of Tsunami Hazards 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Conclusion 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 Chapter in Review 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Earth Movements 169\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBethany D. Hinga\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 The Role of Gravity in Shaping the Earth 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Venezuela, 1999 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Types of Earth Movements 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Mass-Wasting Triggers 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Mitigation of Hazards 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Conclusion 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Chapter in Review 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Weather and Climate as Hazards\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Atmosphere and Weather 197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBethany D. Hinga\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 The Earth's Atmosphere 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Solar Radiation 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Weather 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Air Masses and Fronts 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 High and Low Pressure Systems 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Conclusion 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Chapter in Review 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Severe Weather 221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBethany D. Hinga\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Blizzard on the Plains 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Severe Weather Events 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Conclusion 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Chapter in Review 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Floods 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBethany D. Hinga\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Central China Flood 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 The Nature of Streams 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Types of Floods 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Flood Mitigation 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Chapter in Review 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Hurricanes 281\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBethany D. Hinga\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Hurricane Maria, 2017 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Tropical Cyclones 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Hurricane Hazards 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Mitigation 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Conclusion 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Chapter in Review 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Climate Change 307\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJillian Gregg and John Helms\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Slushballs and Greenhouses: What the Geologic Record Says About Paleoclimate Compared to the Current Stable Climate That Has Supported Human Civilization Over the Past 10,000 Years 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Climate Change Basics 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Natural Hazards Caused Directly and Indirectly by Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Ocean Impacts 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Mitigation of Hazards 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Geoengineering 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Adaptation 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Chapter in Review 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Wildland Fires 369\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBethany D. Hinga\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Fire Basics 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Fire Behavior 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Firefighting in Public Lands 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Mitigation of Fire Hazards 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Conclusion 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Chapter in Review 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Other Hazards\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Biological Hazards With COVID-19 Case Study 393\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnni Moore and Austin Nuxoll\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Biological Disasters 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Introduction to Microbes 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Types of Microbes 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Microbes and the Earth System 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Factors That Put Populations at Risk 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Diseases in the Food Supply 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Mitigation of Hazards 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Conclusion 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Chapter in Review 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Hazards From Space 433\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eKelli Wakefield and Joel Berrier\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Space Hazards 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Introduction 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 A History of Catastrophe 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Measuring Risk 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 What Can We Do? 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Solar Events 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Earth's Future 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Chapter in Review 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBethany D. Hinga, \u003c\/b\u003eUniversity of Nebraska at Kearney, USA.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003csmall\u003eADVANCED TEXTBOOK SERIES\u003c\/small\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eEarth’s Natural Hazards and Disasters\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Natural hazards are present in every part of planet Earth. Sometimes a natural event – such as extreme weather, a volcanic eruption, earthquake or disease outbreak – turns into a disaster for humans, the environment, and the economy. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eEarth’s Natural Hazards and Disasters \u003c\/i\u003eis a textbook for undergraduates that challenges students to think critically about disasters. It explains the science behind natural events and explores how to understand risk and prepare for disasters. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout this volume:\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers hazards in the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains the science of hazards in accessible terms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed case studies of specific disasters for each type of natural event\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplores data-based risk mitigation strategies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscusses the roles of scientists, public officials, and the general public in hazard management\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"American Geophysical Union","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989096317157,"sku":"NP9781119217718","price":108.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119217718.jpg?v=1761782781","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/earths-natural-hazards-and-disasters-isbn-9781119217718","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}