{"product_id":"earths-deep-mantle-isbn-9780875904252","title":"Earth's Deep Mantle","description":"\u003cp\u003ePublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 160.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Understanding the inner workings of our planet and its relationship to processes closer to the surface remains a frontier in the geosciences. Manmade probes barely reach ˜10 km depth and volcanism rarely brings up samples from deeper than ˜150 km. These distances are dwarfed by Earth's dimensions, and our knowledge of the deeper realms is pieced together from a range of surface observables, meteorite and solar atmosphere analyses, experimental and theoretical mineral physics and rock mechanics, and computer simulations. A major unresolved issue concerns the nature of mantle convection, the slow (1-5 cm\/year) solid-state stirring that helps cool the planet by transporting radiogenic and primordial heat from Earth's interior to its surface.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpanding our knowledge here requires input from a range of geoscience disciplines, including seismology, geodynamics, mineral physics, and mantle petrology and chemistry. At the same time, with better data sets and faster computers, seismologists are producing more detailed models of 3-D variations in the propagation speed of different types of seismic waves; new instrumentation and access to state-of-the-art community facilities such as synchrotrons have enabled mineral physicists to measure rock and mineral properties at ever larger pressures and temperatures; new generations of mass spectrometers are allowing geo-chemists to quantify minute concentrations of diagnostic isotopes; and with supercomputers geodynamicists are making increasingly realistic simulations of dynamic processes at conditions not attainable in analogue experiments. But many questions persist. What causes the lateral variations in seismic wavespeed that we can image with mounting accuracy? How reliable are extrapolations of laboratory measurements on simple materials over many orders of magnitude of pressure and temperature? What are the effects of volatiles and minor elements on rock and mineral properties under extreme physical conditions? Can ab initio calculations help us understand material behavior in conditions that are still out of reach of laboratory measurement? What was the early evolution of our planet and to what extent does it still influence present-day dynamics? And how well do we know such first-order issues as the average bulk composition of Earth?\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ePreface\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRobert D. van der Hilst, Jay D. Bass, Jan Matas, and Jean not Trampert\u003c\/i\u003e vii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarth's Deep Mantle: Structure, Composition, and Evolution—An Introduction\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRobert D. van der Hilst, Jay D. Bass, Jan Matas, and Jeannot Trampert\u003c\/i\u003e 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNoble Gas Models of Mantle Structure and Reservoir Mass Transfer\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDarrell Harrison and Chris J. Ballentine\u003c\/i\u003e 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Survival of Mantle Geochemical Heterogeneities\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eFrancis Albarede\u003c\/i\u003e 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTowards a Quantitative Interpretation of Global Seismic Tomography\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJeannot Trampert and Robert D. van der Hilst\u003c\/i\u003e 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeismic Modeling Constraints on the South African Super Plume\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDon V. Helmberger and Sidao Ni\u003c\/i\u003e 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumerical and Laboratory Studies of Mantle Convection: Philosophy, Accomplishments, and\u003cbr\u003e Thermochemical Structure and Evolution\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003ePaul J. Tackley, Shunxing Xie, Takashi Nakagawa, and John W. Hern Iund\u003c\/i\u003e 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeterogeneous Lowermost Mantle: Compositional Constraints and Seismological Observables\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eH. Samuel, C.G. Farnetani, and D, Andrault\u003c\/i\u003e 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumerical Study of the Origin and Stability of Chemically Distinct Reservoirs Deep in Earth's Mantle\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eP. van Thienen, J. van Summeren, R. D. van der Hilst, A. P. van den Berg, and N. J. Vlaar\u003c\/i\u003e 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Gravity, Self-Consistency, and Self-Organization in Geodynamics and Geochemistry\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDon L Anderson\u003c\/i\u003e 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Role of Theoretical Mineral Physics in Modeling the Earth's Interior\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMark S. T. Bukowinski and Sofia Akber-Knutson\u003c\/i\u003e 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Uncertain Major Element Bulk Composition of Earth's Mantle\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eQ. Williams and E. Knittle\u003c\/i\u003e 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHighly Siderophile Elements: Constraints on Earth Accretion and Early Differentiation\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eKevin Righter\u003c\/i\u003e 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMantle Oxidation State and Oxygen Fugacity: Constraints on Mantle Chemistry, Structure, and Dynamics\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eCatherine A. McCammon\u003c\/i\u003e 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermochemical State of the Lower Mantle: New Insights From Mineral Physics\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJames Badro, Guillaume Fiquet, and Frangois Guyot\u003c\/i\u003e 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStability of MgSiOs Perovskite in the Lower Mantle\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eSang-Heon Shim\u003c\/i\u003e 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynthetic Tomographic Images of Slabs From Mineral Physics\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eY. Ricard, E. Mattern, and J. Matas\u003c\/i\u003e 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompositional Dependence of the Elastic Wave Velocities of Mantle Minerals: Implications for Seismic\u003cbr\u003e Properties of Mantle Rocks\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eSergio Speziale, Fuming Jiang, and Thomas S. Duffy\u003c\/i\u003e 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecent Progress in Experimental Mineral Physics: Phase Relations of Hydrous Systems and the Role of Water in Slab Dynamics\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eFiji Ohtani\u003c\/i\u003e 321\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eRobert D. van der Hilst and Jay D. Bass are the authors of Earth's Deep Mantle: Structure, Composition, and Evolution, published by Wiley.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"American Geophysical Union","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989096120549,"sku":"NP9780875904252","price":101.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780875904252.jpg?v=1761782779","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/earths-deep-mantle-isbn-9780875904252","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}