{"product_id":"degradation-stabilization-and-recycling-of-packaging-materials-isbn-9781394294268","title":"Degradation, Stabilization, and Recycling of Packaging Materials","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePractical guidance to sustainable packaging and its challenges with analysis of various packaging materials and their interactions with different environments\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eDegradation, Stabilization, and Recycling of Packaging Materials\u003c\/i\u003e analyzes packaging materials and their interactions with different environments, discussing the degradation processes of different materials like plastics, wood, paper, glass, and metal, providing specific strategies to address these degradation processes, and exploring solid waste management, recent developments in recycling, and the principles of eco-friendly packaging design. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOrganized into two parts, the first section of this book provides a comprehensive examination of how environmental factors such as heat, shear, light, air, packaged products, and stress affect packaging materials, focusing on the chemistry of their deterioration and stabilization methods. The second section explores solid waste management, recent developments in recycling, and key principles of eco-friendly packaging design, culminating in an extensive discussion of legal and regulatory aspects. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book includes case studies and problem sets in each chapter, with solutions to the problems in an appendix in the back of the book. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten by a team of highly qualified authors, \u003ci\u003eDegradation, Stabilization, and Recycling of Packaging Materials\u003c\/i\u003e includes discussion on: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStructure of tinplate and tin-free steel, corrosion in lacquered cans, and effects of producing, processing, and storing metals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecyclable versus repulpable paper, uses of recycled papers, wet-strength papers, non-wood fibers as paper sources, and contamination issues with paper recycling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlastic recycling rates, plastic scrap exports in the US and abroad, chemical versus mechanical plastic recycling, hydrocracking of plastics, and PE and PET recycling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLightweight glass bottles, strategies to modify or strengthen glass, and the real recyclability of glass\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresenting advanced technical knowledge that demystifies the sustainable packaging landscape \u003ci\u003eDegradation, Stabilization, and Recycling of Packaging Materials\u003c\/i\u003e is a critical resource for researchers, students, and industry professionals in the field of materials science and packaging to evaluate challenges related to solid waste and devise effective disposal strategies. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 General Introduction 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 What Are Some Ideal Properties of Packaging? 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Liquid Resistance and Barrier Properties 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 End-of-Life (EoL) Outcomes 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Open-Looped Versus Closed-Loop Processes 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Recycling 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Concluding Remarks 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Plastics 11\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 How Are Polymers Named? 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Classification of Polymers 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.1 Classification Based on the Polymer Structure 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.2 Classification Based on the Mechanism 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.3 Classification Based on the Source 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.4 Classification Based on Cost and Performance 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.5 Classification Based on Thermal Behavior 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Molecular Architecture 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Homopolymers and Copolymers 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Polymer Molecular Weights 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Polymer Characterization Techniques 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Size Exclusion Chromatography 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Viscosity 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Microscopy Techniques 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Physical State of a Polymer 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Thermal Transitions 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Mechanical Properties 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Degradation of Polymers\/Plastics 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1 Overview 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.2 Impact of Degradation on Polymer Properties 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Wanted Versus Unwanted Degradation in Polymers 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1 Unwanted\/Undesirable Degradation 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.2 Wanted\/Desirable Degradation 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Do all Polymers Degrade at the Same Rate? 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11.1 How Can We Know if a Polymer Is Stable or not Against a Particular Degradation Environment? 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Types of Polymer Degradation 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.1 Thermal Degradation 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.1.1 The Chemistry of Thermal Degradation 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.1.2 Some Polymers Degrade by Unzipping and Others by Random Scission 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.2 Oxidative Degradation 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.3 Photodegradation 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.4 Chemical Degradation 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.4.1 Hydrolysis 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.4.2 Environmental Stress Cracking 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.4.3 Other Chemical Reactions 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.4.4 Summary of Chemical Degradation Susceptibilities of Various Polymers 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.5 Mechanical Degradation 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 Methods for Studying Polymer Degradation 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.1 Weathering 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.2 Thermal Degradation 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.3 Photochemical Degradation 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.3.1 Change in Molecular Weight 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14 Stabilization of Polymers 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14.1 Antioxidants 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14.1.1 Chain-breaking Electron Acceptors (CB-A Antioxidants) 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14.1.2 Chain-breaking Electron Donors (CB-D Antioxidants) 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14.2 Peroxide Decomposers 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14.2.1 Stoichiometric Peroxide Decomposers (PD-S) 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14.2.2 Catalytic Peroxide Decomposers (PD-C) 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14.3 Metal Deactivators (MDs) 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14.3.1 UV Light Absorbers and Other Light Stabilizers 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14.3.2 UV Light Absorbers (UVA) 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14.4 Quenchers of Photo-excited States 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14.5 Special Stabilizers 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14.6 Drawbacks of Stabilizers 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15 Summary 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Set 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Wood 87\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Wood Degradation 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Weathering 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.1 Effects of Various Influences on Weathering 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.2 Effects of Wood Composition 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Chemical Degradation 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Biological Decomposition (Decay) 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Set 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Paper Degradation and Stabilization 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Durability and Permanence 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Quality of Paper Fiber 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Biological Degradation of Paper 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Wet-Strength Papers 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Major Categories of Wet-Strength Papers 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1.1 Urea-Formaldehyde B-stage Derivatives 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1.2 Melamine-Formaldehyde Cationic Colloids and Derivatives 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1.3 Polyamide-Polyamine-Epichlorohydrin (PPE) Resins 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Overview of Wet-Strength Resins 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Sustainable Materials for Paper Coating for Packaging Applications 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Concluding Remarks 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Set for Chapter 4 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Glass 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Advantages of Glass 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Disadvantages of Glass 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Glass Chemistry 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Composition 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Glass Making Process 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1 Common Types of Glass and Modification Strategies 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2 Stability of Glass 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Chemical Corrosion 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Leaching 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Etching 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Weathering 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Physical Stability and Strength of Glass 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Strategies to Modify or Strengthen Glass 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Chemical Modification and\/or Strengthening 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Strengthening via the Fused Salt Mixture Approach 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Thermal Strengthening or Toughening 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.1 Recyclability of Glass 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Conclusions 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Set 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Degradation and Stabilization of Metals 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Benefits of Metals as Packaging 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Disadvantages of Metals as Packaging 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Basic Aspects of Metal Corrosion 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Elements Required for Corrosion 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Anodes and Cathodes 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Electrolyte (the Internal Circuit) 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Circuit 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Role of Liquid Water in Corrosion 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Methods for Protecting Metals Used in Packaging from Corrosion 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 External Environment Protection 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Internal Environment Protection 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Structure of Tinplate and Tin-Free Steel 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Corrosion in Plain (Uncoated) Tin Cans 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Normal Detinning 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Rapid Detinning 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.3 Partial Detinning and Pitting 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.4 Pitting Only 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Corrosion in Lacquered Cans 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Effects of Products, Processing, and Storage 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.1 Effects of Products 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2 Effects of Processing and Storage Conditions 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 VCI Packaging Materials 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12 Corrosion of Aluminum 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13 Lacquer Coatings for Cans 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13.1 Bisphenol A (BPA) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14 Concluding Remarks 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Set for Chapter 6 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Solid Waste Issues 167\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Overview of Packaging Waste in U.S. Municipal Solid Waste 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Municipal Solid Waste 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Products Generated in MSW, 2018 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Materials Generated in MSW, 2018 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Disposal of Packaging Materials 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Landfills 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Incineration 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2.1 So, Which Is More Expensive, Landfilling or Incineration? 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Heavy Metals in Packaging – CONEG Model Toxics Law 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.1 Heavy Metals 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.2 Lead 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.3 Cadmium 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.4 Mercury 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.5 Hexavalent Chromium 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.6 Heavy Metals in Packaging 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Recovery 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Composting 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Composting Process 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Reuse and Waste Reduction 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Reuse 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Source Reduction 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Recycling 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Recycling – General 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Collection of Recyclables 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Motivation 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Convenience 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Education\/Publicity 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Participation Rates Versus Diversion Rates 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4 Separation\/Sorting 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 MRFs 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Concluding Remarks 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Set for Chapter 7 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Recycling of Metal and Glass 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Overview 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Metal Recycling 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Steel Recycling 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Recycling 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Steel Recycling Process 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Steel Cans Recycling Process 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Aluminum Recycling 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Aluminum Beverage Cans 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Other Aluminum Packaging 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Aluminum Packaging Recycling Amounts 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3.1 Aluminum Packaging Recycling Rates 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Eddy Current Separation 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Glass Recycling 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Glass Recycling in the United States 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Glass Packaging Recycling Amounts 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3 Glass Recycling Elsewhere 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.4 Glass Recycling 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.5 Steps Involved in Glass Recycling 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.6 What is the Future of Glass? 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Summary 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Set for Chapter 8 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Paper and Paperboard Recycling 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Sorting Phase 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Processing Phase 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Processing Phase: Pulp Screening and Cleaning 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Processing Phase: Deinking 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Processing Phase: Refining, Color Stripping, and Bleaching 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Processing Phase: Papermaking 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Recyclable Versus Repulpable Paper 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Uses of Recycled Paper 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.1 Paper Recycling in Europe and Other Areas 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Contamination Issues 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Concluding Remarks 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Set for Paper Recycling 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Plastics Recycling 269\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Plastic Recycling Rates 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Recycling of Plastics Packaging 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 What Is the Impact of Impurities in Plastics Mechanical Recycling? 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 United States Plastic Scrap Exports 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Plastic Recycling Elsewhere 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 European Plastic Recycling Numbers 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Global Plastic Recycling Rates 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Footprint of Different Ways of Plastic Disposal 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Terminology in Plastic Recycling 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.1 Postindustrial Versus Postconsumer Plastics 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.2 Chemical Versus Mechanical Recycling 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.3 Extraction Approach 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.4 Pyrolysis 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.5 Chemical Upcycling 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.5.1 Challenges Associated with Plastics Recycling 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.5.2 Prices of Recycled plastics as of October 2023 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Emerging Trends in Recycling 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.1 Challenges in Mechanical Recycling of Plastics 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.1.1 Path Forward to Solve this Problem 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.2 Digital Watermarking 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.3 Near IR sorting 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.4 Monomaterials 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.5 Moving Towards Fewer Plastics 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.6 Additives for Mechanical Recycling 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.7 Additives to Enhance Properties of Recycled Materials 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.8 Flexible packaging 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.9 Path Forward in Mechanical Recycling 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Trends in Chemical Recycling 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.1 Depolymerization to Monomers 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.2 Conversion of Plastic Waste into Petrochemicals (chemicals) 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.3 Summary of the Plastic Recycling Landscape 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.4 PET Recycling 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.5 Chemical Recycling of PET 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.6 Key Technologies\/initiatives in PET (Polyesters) Chemical Recycling 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.7 Challenges PET Chemical Recycling 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.8 Polyurethanes 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.9 Polystyrene 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.10 Recycling of PE (HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE) 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.11 Chemical Recycling of PE 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.11.1 Catalytic pyrolysis 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.12 Hydrocracking of Plastics 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.12.1 Ongoing Research 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.13 Polypropylene 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.14 Gasification of Mixed Plastics to Syngas 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.15 Use of Recycled Plastics in Food Packaging 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12 Concluding Remarks 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Set for Chapter 10 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Legal, Regulatory, EPR, and Green Design 321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 EU Packaging Directives 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 EU Directive Amendment (2018\/852) 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 How Are the Recycling Rates Calculated? 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Historical Background of EPR 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 What Are the Potential Benefits of EPR? 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Recycled Content 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3.1 Oregon 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3.2 California 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Plastic Bags 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.5 Single-Use Plastics 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Green Design 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Problematic Materials and Their Alternatives 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.1 U.S. Plastics Pact 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.2 Three Key Targets of the U.S. Plastics Pact 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.3 The Do’s of Recyclable and Compostable Packaging 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 The Path Forward for Packaging Sustainability 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Emerging Packaging Trends and Technology 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Concluding Remarks 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Set for Chapter 11 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1: Solutions to Problem Sets 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 357\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMuhammad Rabnawaz, PhD\u003c\/b\u003e is an Associate Professor for the Michigan State University (MSU) School of Packaging. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSusan E. M. Selke, PhD\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor Emeritus in the Michigan State University (MSU) School of Packaging. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIan Wyman, PhD\u003c\/b\u003e is a Professional Aide in the Michigan State University (MSU) School of Packaging.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePractical guidance to sustainable packaging and its challenges with analysis of various packaging materials and their interactions with different environments\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eDegradation, Stabilization, and Recycling of Packaging Materials\u003c\/i\u003e analyzes packaging materials and their interactions with different environments, discussing the degradation processes of different materials like plastics, wood, paper, glass, and metal, providing specific strategies to address these degradation processes, and exploring solid waste management, recent developments in recycling, and the principles of eco-friendly packaging design. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOrganized into two parts, the first section of this book provides a comprehensive examination of how environmental factors such as heat, shear, light, air, packaged products, and stress affect packaging materials, focusing on the chemistry of their deterioration and stabilization methods. The second section explores solid waste management, recent developments in recycling, and key principles of eco-friendly packaging design, culminating in an extensive discussion of legal and regulatory aspects. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book includes case studies and problem sets in each chapter, with solutions to the problems in an appendix in the back of the book. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten by a team of highly qualified authors, \u003ci\u003eDegradation, Stabilization, and Recycling of Packaging Materials\u003c\/i\u003e includes discussion on: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStructure of tinplate and tin-free steel, corrosion in lacquered cans, and effects of producing, processing, and storing metals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecyclable versus repulpable paper, uses of recycled papers, wet-strength papers, non-wood fibers as paper sources, and contamination issues with paper recycling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlastic recycling rates, plastic scrap exports in the US and abroad, chemical versus mechanical plastic recycling, hydrocracking of plastics, and PE and PET recycling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLightweight glass bottles, strategies to modify or strengthen glass, and the real recyclability of glass\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresenting advanced technical knowledge that demystifies the sustainable packaging landscape \u003ci\u003eDegradation, Stabilization, and Recycling of Packaging Materials\u003c\/i\u003e is a critical resource for researchers, students, and industry professionals in the field of materials science and packaging to evaluate challenges related to solid waste and devise effective disposal strategies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989035106533,"sku":"NP9781394294268","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781394294268.jpg?v=1761782528","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/degradation-stabilization-and-recycling-of-packaging-materials-isbn-9781394294268","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}