Data Action

How to use data as a tool for empowerment rather than oppression.

Big data can be used for good, from tracking disease to exposing human rights violations, and for bad, implementing surveillance and control. Data inevitably represents the ideologies of those who control its use; data analytics and algorithms too often exclude women, the poor, and ethnic groups. In Data Action, Sarah Williams provides a guide for working with data in more ethical and responsible ways. Williams outlines a method that emphasizes collaboration among data scientists, policy experts, data designers, and the public. The approach generates policy debates, influences civic decisions, and informs design to help ensure that the voices of people represented in the data are neither marginalized nor left unheard.Introduction: Using Data Action ix
1 Big Data for Cities Is Not New 1
2 Build It! Data Is Never Raw, It's Collected 51
3 Hack It! Using Data Creatively 89
4 Share It! Communicating Data Insights 137
5 Data as a Public Good 187
Conclusion: It's How We Work with Data that Really Matters 213
Acknowledgments 223
Notes 227
Bibliography 251
Index 273Sarah Williams is Associate Professor of Technology and Urban Planning at the MIT School of Architecture and Planning, where she is also Director of the Civic Data Design Lab. Trained in geography, landscape architecture, and urban planning, she was named one of the Top 25 Leading Thinkers in Urban Planning and Technology by Planetizen and 2012 Game Changer by Metropolis Magazine. Her designs and visualizations have been widely exhibited.