Consciousness Demystified

Demystifying consciousness: how subjective experience can be explained by natural brain and evolutionary processes.

Consciousness is often considered a mystery. How can the seemingly immaterial experience of consciousness be explained by the material neurons of the brain? There seems to be an unbridgeable gap between understanding the brain as an objectively observed biological organ and accounting for the subjective experiences that come from the brain (and life processes). In this book, Todd Feinberg and Jon Mallatt attempt to demystify consciousness—to naturalize it, by explaining that the subjective, experiencing aspects of consciousness are created by natural brain processes that evolved in natural ways. Although subjective experience is unique in nature, they argue, it is not necessarily mysterious. We need not invoke the unknown or unknowable to explain its creation.

Feinberg and Mallatt flesh out their theory of neurobiological naturalism (after John Searle's biological naturalism) that recognizes the many features that brains share with other living things, lists the neural features unique to conscious brains, and explains the subjective–objective barrier naturally. They investigate common neural features among the diverse groups of animals that have primary consciousness—the type of consciousness that experiences both sensations received from the world and affects such as emotions. They map the evolutionary development of consciousness and find an uninterrupted progression over time, without inserting any mysterious forces or exotic physics. Finally, bridging the previously unbridgeable, they show how subjective experience, although different from objective observation, can be naturally explained.Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
1 What Makes Consciousness "Mysterious"? 1
2 Approaching the Gaps: Images and Affects 11
3 Naturalizing Vertebrate Consciousness: Mental Images 25
4 Naturalizing Vertebrate Consciousness: Affects 41
5 The Question of Invertebrate Consciousness 55
6 Creating Consciousness: The General and Special Features 65
7 The Evolution of Primary Consciousness and the Cambrian Hypothesis 89
8 Naturalizing Subjectivity 105
Glossary 123
Notes 137
References 155
Index 187"Compared to The Ancient Origins of Consciousness, Consciousness Demystified is more condensed, less technical and accessible to a wider range of readers interested in understanding consciousness. This agile book, with its armamentarium of useful tools (Glossary, Notes, References, Index), undoubtedly contributes to the enduring appeal of the neuroscientific study of consciousness."
—British Journal of Psychiatry

"Serious scholars are likely to find their appetite whetted​.... a worthwhile read"
—The PsychologistTodd E. Feinberg is Director of the Yarmon Neurobehavior and Alzheimer's Disease Center of Mount Sinai Behavioral Health Center in New York City and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. He is coauthor of The Ancient Origins of Consciousness (MIT Press).

Jon M. Mallatt is Clinical Associate Professor in the WWAMI Medical Education Program at the University of Washington and the University of Idaho and coauthor (with Todd E. Feinberg) of The Ancient Origins of Consciousness: How the Brain Created Experience (MIT Press).