{"product_id":"computational-formalism-isbn-9780262545648","title":"Computational Formalism","description":"\u003cb\u003eHow the use of machine learning to analyze art images has revived formalism in art history, presenting a golden opportunity for art historians and computer scientists to learn from one another.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThough formalism is an essential tool for art historians, much recent art history has focused on the social and political aspects of art. But now art historians are adopting machine learning methods to develop new ways to analyze the purely visual in datasets of art images. Amanda Wasielewski uses the term “computational formalism” to\u003ci\u003e \u003c\/i\u003edescribe this use of machine learning and computer vision technique in art historical research. At the same time that art historians are analyzing art images in new ways, computer scientists are using art images for experiments in machine learning and computer vision. Their research, says Wasielewski, would be greatly enriched by the inclusion of humanistic issues.\u003cbr\u003eThe main purpose in applying computational techniques such as machine learning to art datasets is to automate the process of categorization using metrics such as style, a historically fraught concept in art history. After examining a fifteen-year trajectory in image categorization and art dataset creation in the fields of machine learning and computer vision, Wasielewski considers deep learning techniques that both create and detect forgeries and fakes in art. She investigates examples of art historical analysis in the fields of computer and information sciences, placing this research in the context of art historiography. She also raises  questions as which artworks are chosen for digitization, and of those artworks that are born digital, which works gain acceptance into the canon of high art.Series Foreword ix\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments xi\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction: Return to Form 1\u003cbr\u003eMachine Learning and Computer Vision 3\u003cbr\u003eThe New Science Wars 11\u003cbr\u003eDigital Art History 16\u003cbr\u003eObjectivity and Cultural Studies 22\u003cbr\u003eArt History and Objectivity 25\u003cbr\u003eComputational Formalism 30\u003cbr\u003eQuestions of Style 34\u003cbr\u003e1 The Shape of Data 39\u003cbr\u003eDigitization and Dataset Creation 42\u003cbr\u003eThe Semantic Gap 49\u003cbr\u003eArtificial ArtHistorian 51\u003cbr\u003eImage Selection 60\u003cbr\u003eImage Categorization 67\u003cbr\u003eStylistic Determinism 75\u003cbr\u003eStyle Unsupervised 79\u003cbr\u003eStylistic Devices 84\u003cbr\u003e2 Deep Connoisseurship 87\u003cbr\u003eCat, Dog, or Virgin Mary? 92\u003cbr\u003eValue, Fame, and the Artist's Hand 95\u003cbr\u003eOpening the Black Box 101\u003cbr\u003eThe Business of Authenticity 107\u003cbr\u003eNext-Level Forgeries and Fakes 115\u003cbr\u003eAn Artificial Artist? 119\u003cbr\u003ePoor Images 124\u003cbr\u003e3 Conclusion: Man, Machine, Metaphor 127\u003cbr\u003eThe Rise of the Humanities Lab 133\u003cbr\u003eForeign Metaphors as Interdisciplinary Tool 135\u003cbr\u003eAppendix: Classification by Artistic Style, Publications in Computer Science, 2005-2021, Including the Development and Utilization of Fine Art Datasets 139\u003cbr\u003eNotes 145\u003cbr\u003eIndex 177“Reimagining the relationships between art history and computer science, Wasielewski's lucid book manages to be uniquely engaging, important, and accessible to both communities.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e—Leonardo Impett, Assistant Professor of Digital Humanities, Cambridge University\u003c\/b\u003eAmanda Wasielewski is Assistant Professor in Digital Humanities at Uppsala University. She is the author of \u003ci\u003eMade in Brooklyn: Artists, Hipsters, Makers, Gentrifiers \u003c\/i\u003eand \u003ci\u003eFrom City Space to Cyberspace: Art, Squatting, and Internet Culture in the Netherlands\u003c\/i\u003e.","brand":"The MIT Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46301088940261,"sku":"NP9780262545648","price":40.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780262545648.jpg?v=1767724015","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/computational-formalism-isbn-9780262545648","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}