{"product_id":"coherent-stress-testing-isbn-9780470666012","title":"Coherent Stress Testing","description":"In \u003ci\u003eCoherent Stress Testing: A Bayesian Approach\u003c\/i\u003e, industry expert Riccardo Rebonato presents a groundbreaking new approach to this important but often undervalued part of the risk management toolkit.  \u003cp\u003eBased on the author's extensive work, research and presentations in the area, the book fills a gap in quantitative risk management by introducing a new and very intuitively appealing approach to stress testing based on expert judgement and Bayesian networks. It constitutes a radical departure from the traditional statistical methodologies based on Economic Capital or Extreme-Value-Theory approaches.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book is split into four parts. Part I looks at stress testing and at its role in modern risk management. It discusses the distinctions between risk and uncertainty, the different types of probability that are used in risk management today and for which tasks they are best used. Stress testing is positioned as a bridge between the statistical areas where VaR can be effective and the domain of total Keynesian uncertainty. Part II lays down the quantitative foundations for the concepts described in the rest of the book. Part III takes readers through the application of the tools discussed in part II, and introduces two different systematic approaches to obtaining a coherent stress testing output that can satisfy the needs of industry users and regulators. In part IV the author addresses more practical questions such as embedding the suggestions of the book into a viable governance structure.\u003c\/p\u003e  Acknowledgements.  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Why We Need Stress Testing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Plan of the Book.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Suggestions for Further Reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI Data, Models and Reality.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Risk and Uncertainty – or, Why Stress Testing is \u003ci\u003eNot\u003c\/i\u003e Enough.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 The Limits of Quantitative Risk Analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Risk or Uncertainty?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Suggested Reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The Role of Models in Risk Management and Stress Testing.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 How Did We Get Here?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Statement of the Two Theses of this Chapter.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Defence of the First Thesis (Centrality of Models).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Models as Indispensable Interpretative Tools.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 The Plurality-of-Models View.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Defence of the Second Thesis (Coordination).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Traders as Agents.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Agency Brings About Coordination.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 From Coordination to Positive Feedback.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 The Role of Stress and Scenario Analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Suggestions for Further Reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 What Kind of Probability Do We Need in Risk Management?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Frequentist versus Subjective Probability.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Tail Co-dependence.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 From Structural Models to Co-dependence.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Association or Causation?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Suggestions for Further Reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eII The Probabilistic Tools and Concepts.\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Probability with Boolean Variables I: Marginal and Conditional Probabilities.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 The Set-up and What We are Trying to Achieve.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 (Marginal) Probabilities.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Deterministic Causal Relationship.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Conditional Probabilities.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Time Ordering and Causation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 An Important Consequence: Bayes’ Theorem.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Independence.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Two Worked-Out Examples.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.1 Dangerous Running.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.2 Rare and Even More Dangerous Diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Marginal and Conditional Probabilities: A Very Important Link.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Interpreting and Generalizing the Factors \u003ci\u003ex k\/i.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Conditional Probability Maps.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Probability with Boolean Variables II: Joint Probabilities.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Conditioning on More Than One Event.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Joint Probabilities.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 A Remark on Notation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 From the Joint to the Marginal and the Conditional Probabilities.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 From the Joint Distribution to Event Correlation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 From the Conditional and Marginal to the Joint Probabilities?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Putting Independence to Work.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Conditional Independence.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Obtaining Joint Probabilities with Conditional Independence.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 At a Glance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Summary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12 Suggestions for Further Reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Creating Probability Bounds.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 The Lay of the Land.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Bounds on Joint Probabilities.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 How Tight are these Bounds in Practice?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Bayesian Nets I: An Introduction.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Bayesian Nets: An Informal Definition.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Defining the Structure of Bayesian Nets.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 More About Conditional Independence.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 What Goes in the Conditional Probability Tables?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Useful Relationships.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 A Worked-Out Example.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 A Systematic Approach.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 What Can We Do with Bayesian Nets?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.1 Unravelling the Causal Structure.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.2 Estimating the Joint Probabilities.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Suggestions for Further Reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Bayesian Nets II: Constructing Probability Tables.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Statement of the Problem.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Marginal Probabilities – First Approach.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Starting from a Fixed Probability.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Starting from a Fixed Magnitude of the Move.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Marginal Probabilities – Second Approach.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Handling Events of Different Probability.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Conditional Probabilities: A Reasonable Starting Point.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Conditional Probabilities: Checks and Constraints.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Necessary Conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Triplet Conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 Independence.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.4 Deterministic Causation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.5 Incompatibility of Events.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Internal Compatibility of Conditional Probabilities: The Need for a Systematic Approach.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIII Applications.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Obtaining a Coherent Solution I: Linear Programming.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Plan of the Work Ahead.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Coherent Solution with Conditional Probabilities Only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The Methodology in Practice: First Pass.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 The CPU Cost of the Approach.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Illustration of the Linear Programming Technique.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 What Can We Do with this Information?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Extracting Information with Conditional Probabilities Only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Extracting Information with Conditional and Marginal Probabilities.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Obtaining a Coherent Solution II: Bayesian Nets.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Solution with Marginal and \u003ci\u003en\u003c\/i\u003e-conditioned Probabilities.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Generalizing the Results.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 An ‘Automatic’ Prescription to Build Joint Probabilities.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 What Can We Do with this Information?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Risk-Adjusting Returns.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIV Making It Work In Practice.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Overcoming Our Cognitive Biases.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Cognitive Shortcomings and Bounded Rationality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 How Pervasive are Cognitive Shortcomings?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 The Social Context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Adaptiveness.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Representativeness.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Quantification of the Representativeness Bias.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Causal\/Diagnostic and Positive\/Negative Biases.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Suggestions for Further Reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Selecting and Combining Stress Scenarios.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Bottom Up or Top Down?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Relative Strengths and Weaknesses of the Two Approaches.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Possible Approaches to a Top-Down Analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Sanity Checks.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 How to Combine Stresses – Handling the Dimensionality Curse.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Combining the Macro and Bottom-Up Approaches.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Governance.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 The Institutional Aspects of Stress Testing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.1 Transparency and Ease of Use.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2 Challenge by Non-specialists.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.3 Checks for Completeness.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.4 Interactions among Different Specialists.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.5 Auditability of the Process and of the Results.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Lines of Criticism.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 The Role of Subjective Inputs.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 The Complexity of the Stress-testing Process.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A Simple Introduction to Linear Programming.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Plan of the Appendix.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Linear Programming – A Refresher.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 The Simplex Method.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eDR. RICCARDO REBONATO\u003c\/b\u003e (London, UK) is Head of Front Office Risk Management and Head of the Clients Analytics team at BGM RBS. He is visiting lecturer at Oxford University (Mathematical Finance) and adjunct professor at Imperial College (Tanaka Business School). He sits on the Board of Directors of ISDA and on the Board of Trustees for GARP. He is an editor for the \u003ci\u003eInternational Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance, Applied Mathematical Finance, Journal of Risk,\u003c\/i\u003e and the \u003ci\u003eJournal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions.\u003c\/i\u003e He holds doctorates in Nuclear Engineering and in Science of Material\/Solid State Phsyics. He was a research fellow in Physics at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, UK.  “Rebonato’s refreshingly original book is the most significant advance in financial risk management in many years. It is rigorous yet thoroughly practical, proposing an operational Bayesian framework that complements purely statistical approaches with the causal\/economic structure needed for coherent stress testing. Prominently displayed and mixed beautifully throughout are both the expansive wisdom of a serious scholar, and the pragmatic applied sense of a seasoned industry veteran. Rebonato has defined the new frontier of best-practice financial risk management. I am open-mouthed with admiration.”\u003cbr\u003e —\u003cb\u003eFrancis X. Diebold,\u003c\/b\u003e Paul F. and Warren S. Miller Professor of Economics, Co-Director, Wharton Financial Institutions Center, Professor of Finance and Statistics, University of Pennsylvania  \u003cp\u003e“Risk management is at a crossroads. The ‘certainty’ provided by statistical analysis of historical data has been shown to be an illusion. The challenge is how to inject a dose of judgment but not revert to pure subjectivity. There is no clear answer, and a reliable guide is required to navigate what can be a minefield. Fortunately Dr. Rebonato has used his unique combination of technical skills and experience to explain what can cannot be done using stress testing. Anyone who is interested in combining the best aspects of statistical analysis and disciplined subjective judgment should read this book.”\u003cbr\u003e —\u003cb\u003eIan Cooper,\u003c\/b\u003e Professor Finance, London Business School\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Wall Street goes Bayesian! Theses methods have long been used as a standard technique in reliability engineering and operations research, now this book introduces Bayesian nets as a stress testing tool for the financial industry. Every quantitative risk manager ought to be aware of their potential: this is an excellent start.”\u003cbr\u003e —\u003cb\u003ePaul Embrechts,\u003c\/b\u003e Department of Mathematics and RiskLab, ETH Zurich\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Stress tests are essential complements to VaR models, which are inadequate for very rare events. In practice, however, scenarios can be difficult to handle because they are typically not associated with a probability. This book shows how to build subjective, yet consistent probabilities for scenarios. Highly recommended.”\u003cbr\u003e —\u003cb\u003ePhilippe Jorion,\u003c\/b\u003e Professor, University of California at Irvine\u003c\/p\u003e  In \u003ci\u003eCoherent Stress Testing: A Bayesian Approach to the Analysis of Financial Stress,\u003c\/i\u003e industry expert Riccardo Rebonato presents an all new approach to his important but often undervalued part of the risk management toolkit.  \u003cp\u003eBased on the author’s extensive work, research and presentation in the area, the book fills a gap in quantitative risk management by introducing a new and very intuitively appealing approach to stress testing based on expert judgment and Bayesian networks. It constitutes a radical departure from the traditional statistical methodologies based on Economic Capital or Extreme-Value-Theory approaches.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book is split into four parts. Part I looks at stress testing and its role in modern risk management. It discusses the distinctions between risk and uncertainty, the different types of probability that are used in risk management today and for which tasks they are best used. Stress testing is positioned as a bridge between the statistical areas where VaR can be effective and the domain of total Keynesian uncertainty. Part II lays down the quantitative foundations for the concepts described in the rest of the book. Part III takes readers through the applications of the tools discussed in part II, and introduces two different systematic approaches to obtaining a coherent stress testing output that can satisfy the ends of industry users and regulators. In part IV the author addresses more practical questions such as embedding the suggestions of the book into a viable governance structure.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Riccardo Renato examines the deficiencies of current financial modelling practice and the limitations of the purely statistical approaches to risk quantification that underpin VaR methodology. Taking his cue from Knightian uncertainty – and Rumsfeldian unknown unknowns – the author argues that a program of stress testing carried out within a Bayesian paradigm can offer risk managers a route to redemption after the crisis. Written in his usual lucid and engaging style, \u003ci\u003eCoherent Stress Testing\u003c\/i\u003e is a thought provoking text on a vitally important issue, and a serious proposal of a workable solution.”\u003cbr\u003e —\u003cb\u003eAlexander J. McNeil,\u003c\/b\u003e Maxwell Professor, Heriot-Watt University\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Riccardo Rebonato’s book shows how managerial judgments can be combined with analysis to improve the way stress testing is done. The book is well written and very timely. In the aftermath of the 2007\u0026amp;ndash2009 financial crisis risk management groups at all financial institutions are looking for ways they can make stress testing more effective.”\u003cbr\u003e —\u003cb\u003eJohn Hull,\u003c\/b\u003e Maple Financial Professor of Derivatives and Risk Management, Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Rebonato’s interesting book provides a refreshingly different and thought-provoking perspective of stress-testing and quantitative risk management – exactly what the field needs in these troubled times.”\u003cbr\u003e —\u003cb\u003eRüdiger Frey,\u003c\/b\u003e Professor of Financial Mathematics and Optimization, Universität Leipzig, Co-author of \u003ci\u003eQuantitative Risk Management: Concepts, Techniques, Tools\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988944208101,"sku":"NP9780470666012","price":80.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470666012.jpg?v=1761782151","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/coherent-stress-testing-isbn-9780470666012","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}