{"product_id":"clinical-orthoptics-isbn-9781444339345","title":"Clinical Orthoptics","description":"\u003ci\u003eClinical Orthoptics\u003c\/i\u003e has become established as a basic reference text providing fundamental information on anatomy, innervation and orthoptic investigation, plus diagnosis and management of strabismus, ocular motility and related disturbances. It is aimed at trainee ophthalmologists and orthoptic undergraduate students. Qualified orthoptists, general ophthalmologists and optometrists will also find valuable guidance in these pages. \u003cp\u003eIn this edition, the author has maintained the goal of producing a user-friendly, clinically relevant and succinct book, while revising it to reflect a variety of developments in the field.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFEATURES\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eEssential reading for students of orthoptics and ophthalmolology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNow fully revised and updated\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eGenerously illustrated with photographs and line drawings\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes diagnostic aids, case reports, and helpful glossary\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Figures xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Tables xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection I \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Extraocular Muscle Anatomy and Innervation 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMuscle pulleys 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcular muscles 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInnervation 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssociated cranial nerves 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Binocular Single Vision 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorth’s classification 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetinal correspondence 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiology of stereopsis 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusion 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetinal rivalry 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuppression 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiplopia 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Ocular Motility 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSaccadic system 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmooth pursuit system 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVergence system 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVestibular-ocular response and optokinetic response 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrainstem control 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMuscle sequelae 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePast-pointing 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBell’s phenomenon 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Orthoptic Investigative Procedures 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisual acuity 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCover test 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcular motility 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccommodation and convergence 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetinal correspondence 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusion 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStereopsis 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuppression 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynoptophore 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAniseikonia 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFixation 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasurement of deviations 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHess charts 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eField of binocular single vision 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniocular field of vision 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasurement of torsion 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParks-Helveston three-step test 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiplopia charts 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBielchowsky phenomenon (dark wedge test) 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForced duction test 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForced generation test 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrthoptic exercises 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection II \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e129\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Heterophoria 131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAetiology 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses of decompensation 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEsophoria 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExophoria 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHyperphoria\/hypophoria 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternating hyperphoria 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternating hypophoria 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCyclophoria 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncomitant heterophoria 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHemifield slide 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvestigation of heterophoria 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Heterotropia 138\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEsotropia 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors necessary for development of binocular single vision 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstant esotropia with an accommodative element 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstant esotropia without an accommodative element 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccommodative esotropia 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelating to fixation distance 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExotropia 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypertropia 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypotropia 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCyclotropia 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDissociated vertical deviation 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDissociated horizontal deviation 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality of life 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePseudostrabismus 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Microtropia 189\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvestigation 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Amblyopia and Visual Impairment 197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAetiology 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvestigation 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEccentric fixation 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebral visual impairment 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDelayed visual maturation 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePHACE syndrome 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Aphakia 215\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods of correction 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvestigation 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems with unilateral aphakia 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection III \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Incomitant Strabismus 223\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAetiology 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAid to diagnosis 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiplopia 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbnormal head posture 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 A and V Patterns 232\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAetiology 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvestigation 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Accommodation and Convergence Disorders 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccommodative disorders 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresbyopia – physiological 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresbyopia – premature (non-physiological) 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccommodative insufficiency 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccommodative fatigue 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccommodative paralysis 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccommodative spasm 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccommodative inertia 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicropsia 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMacropsia 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConvergence anomalies 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConvergence insufficiency 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConvergence paralysis 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConvergence spasm 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecific learning difficulty 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Ptosis and Pupils 259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePtosis 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLid retraction 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePupils 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Neurogenic Disorders 272\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII (third) cranial nerve 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV (fourth) cranial nerve 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI (sixth) cranial nerve 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple sclerosis 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcquired motor fusion deficiency 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-accidental injury 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePremature visual impairment 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOphthalmoplegia 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Mechanical Paralytic Strabismus 310\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCongenital cranial dysinnervation disorders 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrown’s syndrome 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdherence syndrome 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoebius syndrome 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrabismus fixus syndrome 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThyroid eye disease 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrbital injuries 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlow-out fracture 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoft tissue injury 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupraorbital fracture 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNaso-orbital fracture 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZygoma fracture 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConjunctival shortening syndrome 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetinal detachment 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCataract 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMacular translocation surgery 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Myogenic Disorders 354\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThyroid eye disease 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMyasthenia gravis 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMyotonic dystrophy 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcular myositis 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKearns–Sayre ophthalmoplegia 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Craniofacial Synostoses 362\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlagiocephaly 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrachycephaly 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScaphocephaly\/dolichocephaly 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOccipital plagiocephaly 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApert’s syndrome 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCraniofrontonasal dysplasia 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrouzon’s syndrome 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePfeiffer syndrome 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSaethre–Chotzen syndrome 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnicoronal syndrome 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral signs and symptoms 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcular signs and symptoms 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Nystagmus 368\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAetiology 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvestigation 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Supranuclear and Internuclear Disorders 382\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSaccadic movement disorders 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmooth pursuit movement disorders 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVergence movement disorders 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGaze palsy 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptokinetic movement disorders 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVestibular movement disorders 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrainstem syndromes 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkew deviation 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcular tilt reaction 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcular investigation 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement options 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection IV Appendices \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e407\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnostic Aids 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations of Orthoptic Terms 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagrammatic Recording of Ocular Motility 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagrammatic Recording of Nystagmus 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Reports 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eFiona J. Rowe\u003c\/b\u003e is Lecturer in Orthoptics at the University of Liverpool and an Honorary Research Vision Scientist at the Department of Orthoptics and Ophthalmology, Warrington Hospital. Dr Rowe also lectures extensively to trainee and qualified ophthalmologists, ophthalmic nurses, and other members of the multi-disciplinary eye care team.","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988933886181,"sku":"NP9781444339345","price":87.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781444339345.jpg?v=1761782109","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/clinical-orthoptics-isbn-9781444339345","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}