{"product_id":"case-histories-in-vibration-analysis-and-metal-fatigue-for-the-practicing-engineer-isbn-9781118169469","title":"Case Histories in Vibration Analysis and Metal Fatigue for the Practicing Engineer","description":"This highly accessible book provides analytical methods and guidelines for solving vibration problems in industrial plants and demonstrates their practical use through case histories from the author's personal experience in the mechanical engineering industry. It takes a simple, analytical approach to the subject, placing emphasis on practical applicability over theory, and covers both fixed and rotating equipment, as well as pressure vessels. It is an ideal guide for readers with diverse experience, ranging from undergraduate students to mechanics and professional engineers.  \u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Basics of Vibration 5\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Spring–Mass Systems and Resonance 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Case History: Combining Springs and Masses in a Steam Turbine Problem 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Useful Questions to Ask Before Beginning a Vibration Analysis 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Linear Spring Constants and Area Moments of Inertia 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Vibrating Flat Plates 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Two-Degree Tuned Vibration Absorber 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Natural Frequencies of Pipes and Beams 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Effect of Clearance on the Natural Frequency 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Static Deflection and Pendulum Natural Frequency 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Coupled Single-Mass Systems 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Vibration-Measuring Methods and Limits 27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Important Frequencies 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Campbell Diagrams 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Case History: Systematic Procedure to Identify a Vibration Source 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Vibration-Measuring Terms 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Cascade Diagram 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Shock Pulse Method 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Measuring Transducers 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Measurements: Time-Based, Bode, and Orbit Plots 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Simple Analytical Examples 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Determining Vibration Amplitude 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Resonant and Off-Resonant Amplitudes 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Case History: Transmitted Force and Isolation of a Roof Fan 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Case History: Seal Failure Due to Misalignment of an Agitator Shaft 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Case History: Structural Vibration 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Case History: Production-Line Grinding Problem 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Case History: Vehicle on Springs 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Case History: Vibrating Cantilevered Components 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Bump Test 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Case History: Vibrating Pump Mounted on a Plate Deck 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Case History: Misalignment Force 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Case History: Vertical Pump Vibrations and Bearing Survival 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Case History: Cause of Mysterious Movement on a Centrifuge Deck 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14 Case History: Engine Vibration Monitoring Device 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15 Case History: Natural Frequency of A Midsupport Vertical Mixer 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.16 Case History: Valve Float Analysis 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Vibration-Based Problems and Their Sources 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Fatigue Cracking 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Fretting and Wear 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Ball and Roller Bearing Failures 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Bolt Loosening 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Flow-Induced Vibration 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Case History: Stack Vibration Induced by Wind 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Excessive Noise 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Pressure Pulsations 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Mechanical Seal Chipping and Damage 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Surging of Fans and Other Causes of Vibration 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Vibration Due to Beats 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 The Slip-Stick Problem 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 Drive Belt Vibration 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Causes of Vibrations and Solutions in Machinery 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Rotating Imbalance 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Case History: Motor Imbalance 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Causes of Shaft Misalignment 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Types of Misalignment 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Thermal Offset 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Acceptable Coupling Offset and Angular Misalignment 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 A Problem in Measuring Vibration on Large Machines 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Causes of Pump Vibration 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 NPSH Problems and Cavitation 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Suction Vortex 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Off Best Efficiency Point 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Vertical Pump Vibration 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.5 Pump Vibration Level Guidelines 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Other Causes of Motor Vibration 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Electrical Causes 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Mechanical Cause 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Motor Vibration-Level Guidelines 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Causes of Gearbox Vibration 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Cyclic External Reaction Loads 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Tooth Breakage 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Gearbox Vibration-Level Guidelines 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4 Causes of Cooling Tower Fan System Vibration 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.5 Complex Gearbox Vibration Spectra 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Types of Couplings for Alignment 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Piping Vibration 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Types of Piping Vibration Problems 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Vibration Screening Charts and Allowable Limits 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Case History: Water Hammer and Piping Impacts 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Case History: Heat-Exchanger Tube Vibration 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Case History: Useful Equations In Solving a Cracked Nozzle 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Support and Constraint Considerations in Vibrating Services 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Case History: Control Valve Trim Causing Piping Vibration 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Vibration Observed and Possible Causes 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Acoustical Vibration Problems 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1 Case History: Compressor Acoustical Vibration Analysis 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2 Case History: Tuning Using a Helmholz Resonator 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.3 Case History: Tuning Using Surge Volume 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Two-Phase Flow and Slug Flow 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Case History: U-Tube Heat-Exchanger Vibration 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Crack Growth in a Flat Plate 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Torsional Vibration 141\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Torsional Vibration Defined 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Case History: Torsional Vibration of a Motor–Generator–Blower 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Case History: Engine–Gearbox–Pump 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Case History: Internal Combustion Engine–Gearbox–Propeller 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Case History: Effect of Changing Firing Order On Crankshaft Stress 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Case History: Transient Power Surge Motor–Gearbox–Compressor 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Case History: Vibratory Torque on the Gear of a Ship System 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Torsional Spring Constants and Mass Moments of Inertia 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Three-Mass Natural Frequency Simplification 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Case History: Torsional Vibration of a Drill String 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Case History: Effect of a Suddenly Applied Torsional Load 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 Sensitivity Analysis of a Two-Mass Torsional System 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13 Case History: Engine Natural Frequency as a Continuous Shaft 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14 Types of Torsionally Soft Couplings 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.15 Torsional Vibration Testing 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.16 Case History: Out-of-Synchronization Grid Closure 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.17 Operating Through a Large Torsional Amplitude 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.18 Case History: Engine Mode Shape as a Continuous Shaft 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.19 Holzer Method for Calculating Torsional and Linear Multimass Systems 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.20 Experimental Determination of Mass Moment of Inertia J 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Turbomachinery Vibration 179\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Unique Vibration Problems of Turbomachinery 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 The Rotor System 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Lateral Vibrations of a Simplified System 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 A Simplified Rotor System 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Compressor with High Stiffness Bearings 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Critical Speed of a Rotor on Spring Supports 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Allowable Shaft Displacement Guidelines 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Compressor Surge and Rotor Vibration 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Rigid and Flexible Rotor Balancing 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Case History: Checking the Critical Speed of a Motor Rotor 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Case History: Response of a Missing Blade on a Steam Turbine 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Case History: Stepped Shaft Into Equivalent Diameter 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Case History: Two-Diameter Rotor System 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Hydrodynamic Bearing Stiffness 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 Rotor Dynamics of Pumps 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Very Low Cycle Vibrations and Other Phenomena 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Very Low Cycle Vibration Defined 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Vessels In High-Cycle Service 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Case History: Cracking of a Rotary Dryer 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Phantom Failures: Some Failures are Very Elusive 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Case History: Troubleshooting Gear Face Damage 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Case History: Thermally Bowed Shaft and Vibration 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Case History: Effect of Nonlinear Stiffness 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Case History: Effect of Clearance on a Vibrating System 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Case History: Fatigue Failure of a Crankshaft 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Case History: Understanding Slip–Jerk During Slow Roll 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Case History: Predicting the Crack Growth on a Machine 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12 Case History: Bolt Loosening on Counterweight Bolts 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.13 Case History: Centrifuge Vibration 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.14 Case History: Crack Growth In a Gear Tooth 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.15 Case History: Vibration of a Rotor In Its Case 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.16 Case History: Gearbox Input Shaft Lockup 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.17 Case History: Troubleshooting a Roller Bearing Failure 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.18 Case History: Using Imprints to Determine Loads 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.19 Case History: Extruder BlowBack 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.20 Case History: Vibratory and Rotational Wear 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.21 Two-Mass System With Known and Unknown Displacement 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.22 Case History: Fiberglass Mixing Tank Flexing Vibration 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Vibration Failures 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Why Things Fail In Vibration 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Case History: Spring Failure 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Case History: Spline Fretting 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Case History: Sheet Metal Vibration Cracking 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Case History: Bearing Brinelling and False Brinelling 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Case History: Crankshaft Failure 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Case History: Brush Holder Wear 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Case History: Cracking of a Vibrating Conveyor Structure 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Case History: Failure of a Cooling Tower Blade Arm 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Case History: Fatigue Failures at High Cyclic Stress Areas 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Case History: Fatigue Failure of Shafts 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Case History: Failure of a Steam Turbine Blade 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.13 Case History: Failure of a Reciprocating Compressor Slipper 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14 Case History: Multiple-Cause Gear Failure 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.15 Case History: Loose Bolt Failures 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.16 Case History: Piston Failure in a Racing Car 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.17 Case History: Stop Holes For Cracks Don’t Always Work 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.18 Case History: Small Bearing Failure Due To Vibration 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.19 Appearance of Fatigue Fracture Surfaces 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Metal Fatigue 269\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Metal Fatigue Defined 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Reduction of a Component’s Life When Subjected to Excessive Vibration 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Case History: Special Case of Fatigue Potential 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Metallurgical Examination 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Taking Risks and Making High-Level Presentations 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Short History of Vibration 279\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 285\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e“The guide should be valuable in many sectors of industry, particularly to those new to industry or new to vibration analysis.”  (\u003ci\u003eChemical Engineering Progress\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 May 2013)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“In all, this most recent Sofronas text is readable, practical and valuable throughout.”  (\u003ci\u003eProcess Machinery Consulting\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 April 2013) \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eANTHONY SOFRONAS, DEng, PE,\u003c\/b\u003e has spent the past forty-five years troubleshooting field failures and designing machinery for ExxonMobil, General Electric, and the Bendix Corporation. He is currently a consultant to industry, presenting seminars worldwide under the aegis of his company Engineered Products. Dr. Sofronas has published many technical papers and articles, including a bimonthly column for \u003ci\u003eHydrocarbon Processing\u003c\/i\u003e dedicated to engineering case histories. He is also the author of \u003ci\u003eAnalytical Troubleshooting of Process Machinery and Pressure Vessels\u003c\/i\u003e (Wiley).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDetailed case studies demonstrate the steps needed to solve industrial vibration and metal fatigue problems\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmphasizing simple practical approaches, this book sets forth the analytical methods and guidelines needed to both detect and solve a broad range of vibration and metal fatigue problems that arise in industrial plants. In addition to clear explanations of the underlying theory and techniques, the book features more than seventy detailed case histories based on the author's forty-five years of industrial experience. These case histories help readers better understand how vibration and metal fatigue problems arise as well as how they are solved by using the analytical methods and techniques set forth in the book.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eCase Histories in Vibration and Metal Fatigue for the Practicing Engineer\u003c\/i\u003e examines both fixed and rotating equipment as well as pressure vessels. It not only presents the tools needed to accurately measure vibration, it also provides the information needed to eliminate the problem permanently. Key areas of coverage include:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eFrequency, amplitude, and off-resonant calculations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLinear, torsional, and fluid-induced vibrations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMeasurement methods and interpretation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRotor dynamics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMetal fatigue and cyclic vibrational forces\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNonlinear, transient, and self-excited vibrations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAcoustically induced vibrations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMetal fatigue failures and their impact\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten for the practicing engineer, this book provides the core tools needed to detect and troubleshoot industrial vibration and metal fatigue problems as effectively and efficiently as possible, all based on the latest research and industry standards and practices. Moreover, the book provides the guidance needed to ensure that once the problem is solved, it does not recur.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988889878757,"sku":"NP9781118169469","price":99.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118169469.jpg?v=1761781935","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/case-histories-in-vibration-analysis-and-metal-fatigue-for-the-practicing-engineer-isbn-9781118169469","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}