Carbohydrate Recognition

This book contains contributions from interdisciplinary scientists to collectively address the issue of targeting carbohydrate recognition for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic agents. The book covers (1) biological problems involving carbohydrate recognition, (2) structural factors mediating carbohydrate recognition, (3) design and synthesis of lectin mimics that recognize carbohydrate ligands with high specificity and affinity, and (4) modulation of biological and pathological processes through carbohydrate recognition.

Preface vii

Contributors ix

1 Mammalian Glycan Biosynthesis: Building a Template for Biological Recognition 1
M. Adam Meledeo, Venkata D. P. Paruchuri, Jian Du, Zhiyun Wang, and Kevin J. Yarema

2 The Roles of Carbohydrate Binding in Cell Adhesion and Inflammation 33
Ken Kitajima and Chihiro Sato

3 The Role of Carbohydrates in Viral Infections 65
Gillian M. Air

4 The Role of Carbohydrates in Bacterial Infections 93
Roland J. Pieters

5 The Roles of Carbohydrate Binding in Fertilization 107
David J. Miller

6 Carbohydrate Biomarkers 133
Yunfeng Cheng, Nanting Ni, Hanjing Peng, Shan Jin, and Binghe Wang

7 Galectins and Their Role in Various Biological Processes 157
Sarika Saraswati, Ashley Stanley Block, and Alan B. Diekman

8 Glycoimmunology 181
Ani Grigorian, Barbara Newton, and Michael Demetriou

9 Tools For Glycomics: Glycan and Lectin Microarrays 205
Christopher Campbell and Jeff Gildersleeve

10 Combinatorial Biosynthesis of Complex Carbohydrates 229
Hai Yu and Xi Chen

11 Mass Spectrometry in Carbohydrate Sequencing and Binding Analysis 257
Gregory O. Staples and Joseph Zaia

12 Synthetic Lectin Mimics Artificial Carbohydrate Receptors 301
Xiaochuan Yang, Yunfeng (Jerry) Cheng, and Binghe Wang

13 Lectin Binding and Its Structural Basis 329
Annabelle Varrot, Bertrand Blanchard, and Anne Imberty

14 Multivalency in Carbohydrate Binding 349
Mark L. Wolfenden and Mary J. Cloninger

15 Carbohydrate Binding Agents: Potential Therapeutics with Multiple Inhibitory Actions Against Enveloped Viruses 371
K.O. François and J. Balzarini

16 Informatics for Glycobiology and Glycomics 409
Kiyoko F. Aoki-Kinoshita

Index 427

BINGHE WANG, PHD, is Professor and Chair of the Department of Chemistry at Georgia State University as well as Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar in Drug Discovery. He is Editor-in-Chief of the journal Medicinal Research Reviews, Series Editor for the Wiley Series in Drug Discovery and Development, and editor of Drug Delivery: Principles and Applications and Chemosensors: Principles, Strategies, and Applications (Wiley).

GEERT-JAN BOONS, PHD, is Franklin Professor of Chemistry and Professor in the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center at the University of Georgia. He is on the editorial boards of several journals on carbohydrates, including European Journal of Chemistry and Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, and is also coeditor of Carbohydrate-Based Immunotherapies and Vaccines (Wiley).

THE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF CARBOHYDRATES TOGETHER IN ONE BOOK

Edited by renowned carbohydrate chemists, Binghe Wang and Geert-Jan Boons, with contributions from interdisciplinary scientists from around the world, Carbohydrate Recognition: Biological Problems, Methods, and Applications brings together in one place a wealth of information addressing the issue of targeting carbohydrate identifi cation.

Carbohydrate recognition plays a role in a number of cellular functions and diseases, and this book is a signifi cant step in aiding the development of drugs and other therapies by explaining the functions of carbohydrates in biological systems and their roles as drug targets.

Including chapters on biomarkers and cancer, bacterial and viral infections, mass spectrometry for sequencing and analysis, biosynthesis, informatics, and much more, Carbohydrate Recognition covers biological problems involving structural factors mediating carbohydrate recognition, the design and synthesis of lectin mimics that recognize carbohydrate ligands with high specifi city and affi nity, and the modulation of biological and pathological processes through carbohydrate recognition.