{"product_id":"capital-isbn-9780140445701","title":"Capital","description":"\u003cb\u003eThe third volume of a political treatise that changed the world\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUnfinished at the time of Marx’s death in 1883 and first published with a preface by Frederick Engels in 1894, the third volume of \u003ci\u003eCapital\u003c\/i\u003e strives to combine the theories and concepts of the two previous volumes in order to prove conclusively that capitalism is inherently unworkable as a permanent system for society. Here, Marx controversially asserts that—regardless of the efforts of individual capitalists, public authorities or even generous philanthropists—any market economy is inevitably doomed to endure a series of worsening, explosive crises leading finally to complete collapse. But he also offers an inspirational and compelling prediction; that the end of capitalism will culminate in the birth of a far greater form of society.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.Introduction by Ernest Mandel\u003cbr\u003ePreface (Frederick Engels)\u003cbr\u003eBOOK III: THE PROCESS OF CAPITALIST PRODUCTION AS A WHOLE\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART ONE: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SURPLUS-VALUE INTO PROFIT, AND OF THE RATE OF SURPLUS-VALUE INTO THE RATE OF PROFIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1: Cost Price and Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2: The Rate of Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3: The Relationship between Rate of Profit and Rate of Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4: The Effect of the Turnover on the Rate of Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5: Economy in the Use of Constant Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. General Considerations\u003cbr\u003e2. Saving on the Conditions of Work at the Workers' Expense\u003cbr\u003e3. Economy in the Generation and Transmission of Power, and on Buildings\u003cbr\u003e4. Utilization of the Refuse of Production\u003cbr\u003e5. Economy through Inventions\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6: The Effect of Changes in Price \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Fluctuations in the Price of Raw Material; Their Direct Effects on the Rate of Profit\u003cbr\u003e2. Revaluation and Devaluation of Capital; Release and Tying-Up of Capital\u003cbr\u003e3. General Illustration: The Cotton Crisis 1861-5\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7: Supplementary Remarks \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART TWO: THE TRANSFORMATION OF PROFIT INTO AVERAGE PROFIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8: Different Compositions of Capital in Different Branches of Production, and the Resulting Variation in Rates of Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9: Formation of a General Rate of Profit (Average Rate of Profit), and Transformation of Commodity Values into Prices of Production\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10: The Equalization of the General Rate of Profit through Competition. Market Prices and Market Values. Surplus Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11: The Effects of General Fluctuations in Wages on the Prices of Production\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12: Supplementary Remarks\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Causes of a Change in the Price of Production\u003cbr\u003e2. The Production Price of Commodities of Average Composition\u003cbr\u003e3. The Capitalist's Grounds for Compensation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART THREE: THE LAW OF THE TENDENTIAL FALL IN THE RATE OF PROFIT \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13: The Law Itself\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14: Counteracting Factors\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. More Intense Exploitation of Labour\u003cbr\u003e2. Reduction of Wages below their Value\u003cbr\u003e3. Cheapening of the Elements of Constant Capital\u003cbr\u003e4. The Relative Surplus Population\u003cbr\u003e5. Foreign Trade\u003cbr\u003e6. The Increase in Share Capital\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15: Development of the Law's Internal Contradictions \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. General Considerations\u003cbr\u003e2. The Conflict between the Extension of Production and Valorization\u003cbr\u003e3. Surplus Capital alongside Surplus Population\u003cbr\u003e4. Supplementary Remarks\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART FOUR: THE TRANSFORMATION OF COMMODITY CAPITAL AND MONEY CAPITAL INTO COMMERCIAL CAPITAL AND MONEY-DEALING CAPITAL (MERCHANT'S CAPITAL) \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16: Commercial Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17: Commercial Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18: The Turnover of Commercial Capital. Prices\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19. Money-Dealing Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20: Historical Material on Merchant's Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART FIVE: THE DIVISION OF PROFIT INTO INTEREST AND PROFIT OF ENTERPRISE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21: Interest-Bearing Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 22: Division of Profit. Rate of Interest. \"Natural\" Rate of Interest\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 23: Interest and Profit of Enterprise\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 24: Interest-Bearing Capital as the Superficial Form of the Capital Relation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 25: Credit and Fictitious Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 26: Accumulation of Money Capital, and its Influence on the Rate of Interest\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 27: The Role of Credit in Capitalist Production\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 28: Means of Circulation and CApital. The Views of Tooke and Fullarton\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 29: Banking Capital's Component Parts\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 30: Money Capital and Real Capital: I\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 31: Money Capital and Real Capital: II (Continuation)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Transformation of Money into Loan Capital\u003cbr\u003e2. Transformation of Capital or Revenue into Money that is Transformed into Loan Capital\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 32: Money Capital and Real Capital: III (Conclusion) \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 33: The Means of Circulation under the Credit System\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 34: The Currency Principle and the English Bank Legislation of 1844\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 35: Precious Metal and Rate of Exchange\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Movement of the Gold Reserve\u003cbr\u003e2. The Exchange Rate\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 36: Pre-Capitalist Relations \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART SIX: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SURPLUS PROFIT INTO GROUND-RENT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 37: Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 38: Differential Rent in General\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 39: The First Form of Differential Rent (Differential Rent I)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 40: The Second Form of Differential Rent (Differential Rent II)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 41: Differential Rent II - First Case: Price of Production Constant\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 42: Differential Rent II - Second Case: Price of Production Falling\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. With the Productivity of the Extra Capital Investment Remaining Constant\u003cbr\u003e2. A Falling Rate of Productivity for the Extra Capital\u003cbr\u003e3. A Rising Rate of Productivity for the Extra Capital\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 43: Differential Rent II - Third Case: Rising Price of Production. Results \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 44: Differential Rent Even on the Poorest Land Cultivated\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 45: Absolute Ground-Rent\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 46: Rent of Buildings. Rent of Mines. Price of Land\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 47: The Genesis of Capitalist Ground-Rent\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2. Labour Rent\u003cbr\u003e3. Rent in Kind\u003cbr\u003e4. Money Rent\u003cbr\u003e5. Share-Cropping and Small-Scale Peasant Ownership\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART SEVEN: THE REVENUES AND THEIR SOURCES \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 48: The Trinity Formula\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 49: On the Analysis of the Production Process\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 50: The Illusion Created by Competition\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 51: Relations of Distribution and Relations of Production\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 52: Classes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSupplement and Addendum to Volume 3 of \u003ci\u003eCapital\u003c\/i\u003e (Frederick Engels) \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Law of Value and Rate of Profit\u003cbr\u003e2. The Stock Exchange\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuotations in Languages Other than English and German\u003cbr\u003eIndex of Authorities Quoted\u003cbr\u003eGeneral Index\u003cbr\u003eNote on Previous Editions of the Works of Marx and Engels\u003cbr\u003eChronology of Works by Marx and Engels\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cb\u003eKarl Marx\u003c\/b\u003e was born in 1818 in Trier, Germany and studied in Bonn and Berlin.  Influenced by Hegel, he later reacted against idealist philosophy and began to develop his own theory of historical materialism.  He related the state of society to its economic foundations and mode of production, and recommended armed revolution on the part of the proletariat.  Together with Engels, who he met in Paris, he wrote the Manifesto of the Communist Party.  He lived in England as a refugee until his death in 1888, after participating in an unsuccessful revolution in Germany.  Ernst Mandel was a member of the Belgian TUV from 1954 to 1963 and was chosen for the annual Alfred Marshall Lectures by Cambridge University in 1978.  He died in 1995 and the Guardian described him as 'one of the most creative and independent-minded revolutionary Marxist thinkers of the post-war world.'","brand":"Penguin Classics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46300840820965,"sku":"NP9780140445701","price":23.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780140445701.jpg?v=1767723359","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/capital-isbn-9780140445701","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}