{"product_id":"capital-isbn-9780140445688","title":"Capital","description":"\u003cb\u003eThe first volume of a political treatise that changed the world\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne of the most notorious works of modern times, as well as one of the most influential, \u003ci\u003eCapital \u003c\/i\u003eis an incisive critique of private property and the social relations it generates. Living in exile in England, where this work was largely written, Marx drew on a wide-ranging knowledge of its society to support his analysis and create fresh insights. Arguing that capitalism would cause an ever-increasing division in wealth and welfare, he predicted its abolition and replacement by a system with common ownership of the means of production. \u003ci\u003eCapital\u003c\/i\u003e rapidly acquired readership among the leaders of social democratic parties, particularly in Russia in Germany, and ultimately throughout the world, to become a work described by Marx friend and collaborator Friedrich Engels as “the Bible of the working class.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.Capital Introduction by Ernest Mandel\u003cbr\u003eTranslator's Preface\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the First Edition\u003cbr\u003ePostface to the Second Edition\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the French Edition\u003cbr\u003ePostface to the French Edition\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the Third Edition (by Engels)\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the English Edition (by Engels)\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the Fourth Edition (by Engels)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBOOK I: THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF CAPITAL \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart One: Commodities and Money\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1: The Commodity\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Two Factors of the Commodity: Use-Value and Value (Substance of VAlue, Magnitude of Value)\u003cbr\u003e2. The Dual Character of the Labour Embodied in Commodities\u003cbr\u003e3. The Value-Form, or Exchange-Value\u003cbr\u003e(a) The Simple, Isolated, or Accidental Form of Value\u003cbr\u003e(1) The two poles of the expression of value: the relative form of value and the equivalent form\u003cbr\u003e(2) The relative form of value\u003cbr\u003e(i) The content of the relative form of value\u003cbr\u003e(ii) The quantitative determinacy of the relative form of value\u003cbr\u003e(iii) The equivalent form\u003cbr\u003e(iv) The simple form of value considered as a whole\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Total or Expanded Form of Value\u003cbr\u003e(1) The expanded relative form of value\u003cbr\u003e(2) The particular equivalent form\u003cbr\u003e(3) Defects of the total or expanded form of value\u003cbr\u003e(c) The General Form of Value\u003cbr\u003e(1) The changed character of the form of value\u003cbr\u003e(2) The development of the relative and equivalent forms of value: their interdependence\u003cbr\u003e(3) The transition from the general form of value to the money form\u003cbr\u003e(d) The Money Form\u003cbr\u003e4. The Fetishism of the Commodity and Its Secret\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2: The Process of Exchange \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3: Money, or the Circulation of Commodities\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Measure of Values\u003cbr\u003e2. The Means of Circulation\u003cbr\u003e(a) The Metamorphosis of Commodities\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Circulation of Money\u003cbr\u003e(c) Coin. The Symbol of Value\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Money\u003cbr\u003e(a) Hoarding\u003cbr\u003e(b) Means of Payment\u003cbr\u003e(c) World Money\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART TWO: THE TRANSFORMATION OF MONEY INTO CAPITAL \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4: The General Formula for Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5: Contradictions in the General Formula\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6: The Sale and Purchase of Labour-Power\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART THREE: THE PRODUCTION OF ABSOLUTE SURPLUS-VALUE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7: The Labour Process and the Valorization Process\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Labour Process\u003cbr\u003e2. The Valorization Process\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8: Constant Capital and Variable Capital \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9: The Rate of Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Degree of Exploitation of Labour-Power\u003cbr\u003e2. The Representation of the Value of the Product by Corresponding Proportional Parts of the Product\u003cbr\u003e3. Senior's \"Last Hour\"\u003cbr\u003e4. The Surplus Product\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10: The Working Day \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Limits of the Working Day\u003cbr\u003e2. The Voracious Appetite for Surplus Labour. Manufacturer and Boyar\u003cbr\u003e3. Branches of English Industry without Legal Limits to Exploitation\u003cbr\u003e4. Day Work and Night Work. The Shift System\u003cbr\u003e5. The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Laws for the Compulsory Extension of the Working Day, from the Middle of the Fourteenth to the End of the Seventeenth Century\u003cbr\u003e6. The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Laws for the Compulsory Limitation of Working Hours. The English Factory Legislation of 1833-64\u003cbr\u003e7. The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Impact of the English Factory Legislation on Other Countries\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11: The Rate and Mass of Surplus-Value \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART FOUR: THE PRODUCTION OF RELATIVE SURPLUS-VALUE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12: The Concept of Relative Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13: Co-operation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14: The Division of Labour and Manufacture\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Dual Origin of Manufacture\u003cbr\u003e2. The Specialized Worker and His Tools\u003cbr\u003e3. The Two Fundamental Forms of Manufacture - Heterogeneous and Organic\u003cbr\u003e4. The Division of Labour in Manufacture, and the Division of Labour in Society\u003cbr\u003e5. The Capitalist Character of Manufacture\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15: Machinery and Large-Scale Industry \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Development of Machinery\u003cbr\u003e2. The Value Transferred by the Machinery to the Product\u003cbr\u003e3. The Most Immediate Effects of Machine Production on the Worker\u003cbr\u003e(a) Appropriation of Supplementary Labour-Power by Capital. The Employment of Women and Children\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Prolongation of the Working Day\u003cbr\u003e(c) Intensification of Labour\u003cbr\u003e4. The Factory\u003cbr\u003e5. The Struggle between Worker and Machine\u003cbr\u003e6. The Compensation Theory, with Regard to the Workers Displaced by Machinery\u003cbr\u003e7. Repulsion and Attraction of Workers through the Development of Machine Production. Crises in the Cotton Industry\u003cbr\u003e8. The Revolutionary Impact of Large-Scale Industry on Manufacture, Handicrafts and Domestic Industry\u003cbr\u003e(a) Overthrow of Co-operation Based on Handicrafts and on the Division of Labour\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Impact of the Factory System on Manufacture and Domestic Industries\u003cbr\u003e(c) Modern Manufacture\u003cbr\u003e(d) Modern Domestic Industry\u003cbr\u003e(e) Transition from Modern Manufacture and Domestic Industry to Large-Scale Industry. The Hastening of this Revolution by the Application of the Factory Acts to those Industries\u003cbr\u003e9. The Health and Education Clauses of the Factory Acts. The General Extension of Factory Legislation in England\u003cbr\u003e10. Large-Scale Industry and Agriculture\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART FIVE: THE PRODUCTION OF ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE SURPLUS-VALUE \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16: Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17: Changes of Magnitude in the Price of Labour-Power and in Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Length of the Working Day and the Intensity of Labour Constant; the Productivity of Labour Variable\u003cbr\u003e2. The Length of the Working Day and the Productivity of Labour Constant; the Intensity of Labour Variable\u003cbr\u003e3. The Productivity and Intensity of Labour Constant; the Length of the Working Day Variable\u003cbr\u003e4. Simultaneous Variations in the Duration, Productivity and Intensity of Labour\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18: Different Formulae for the Rate of Surplus-Value \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART SIX: WAGES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19: The Transformation of the Value (and Respectively the Price) of Labour-Power into Wages\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20: Time-Wages\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21: Piece-Wages\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 22: National Differences in Wages\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART SEVEN: THE PROCESS OF ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 23: Simple Reproduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 24: The Transformation of Surplus-Value into Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Capitalist Production on a Progressively Increasing Scale. The Inversion which Converts the Property Laws of Commodity Production into Laws of Capitalist Appropriation\u003cbr\u003e2. The Political Economists' Erroneous Conception of Reproduction on an Increasing Scale\u003cbr\u003e3. Division of Surplus-Value into Capital and Revenue. The Abstinence Theory\u003cbr\u003e4. The Circumstances which, Independently of the Proportional Division of Surplus-Value into Capital and Revenue, Determine the Extent of Accumulation, namely, the Degree of Exploitation of Labour-Power, the Productivity of Labour, the Growing Difference in Amount between Capital Employed and Capital Consumed, and the Magnitude of the Capital Advanced\u003cbr\u003e5. The So-Called Labour Fund\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 25: The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. A Growing Demand for Labour-Power Accompanies Accumulation if the Composition of Capital Remains the Same\u003cbr\u003e2. A Relative Diminution of the Variable Part of Capital Occurs in the Course of the Further Progress of Accumulation and of the Concentration Accompanying It\u003cbr\u003e3. The Progressive Reduction of a Relative Surpluse Population or Industrial Reserve Army\u003cbr\u003e4. Different Forms of Existence of the Relative Surplus Population. The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation\u003cbr\u003e5. Illustrations of the General Law of Capitalist Accumulation\u003cbr\u003e(a) England from 1846 to 1866\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Badly Paid Strata of the British Industrial Working Class\u003cbr\u003e(c) The Nomadic Population\u003cbr\u003e(d) Effect of Crises on the Best Paid Section of the Working Class\u003cbr\u003e(e) The British Agricultural Proletariat\u003cbr\u003e(f) Ireland\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART EIGHT: SO-CALLED PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 26: The Secret of Primitive Accumulation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 27: The Expropriation of the Agricultural Population from the Land\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 28: Bloody Legislation against the Expropriated since the End of the Fifteenth Century. The Forcing Down of Wages by Act of Parliament\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 29: The Genesis of the Capitalist Farmer\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 30: Impact of the Agricultural Revolution on Industry. The Creation of a Home Market for Industrial Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 31: The Genesis of the Industrial Capitalist\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 32: The Historical Tendency of Capitalist Accumulation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 33: The Modern Theory of Colonization\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix: Results of the Immediate Process of Production \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction by Ernest Mandel\u003cbr\u003eI. Commodities as the Product of Capital\u003cbr\u003eII. Capitalist Production as the Production of Surplus-Value\u003cbr\u003eIII. Capitalist Production is the Production and Reproduction of the Specifically Capitalist Relations of Production\u003cbr\u003eIV. Isolated Fragments\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuotations in Languages Other than English and German\u003cbr\u003eIndex of Authorities Quoted\u003cbr\u003eGeneral Index\u003cbr\u003eNote on Previous Editions of the Works of Marx and Engels\u003cbr\u003eChronology of Works by Marx and Engels\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cb\u003eKarl Marx\u003c\/b\u003e was born in 1818 in Trier, Germany and studied in Bonn and Berlin.  Influenced by Hegel, he later reacted against idealist philosophy and began to develop his own theory of historical materialism.  He related the state of society to its economic foundations and mode of production, and recommended armed revolution on the part of the proletariat.  Together with Engels, who he met in Paris, he wrote the Manifesto of the Communist Party.  He lived in England as a refugee until his death in 1888, after participating in an unsuccessful revolution in Germany.  Ernst Mandel was a member of the Belgian TUV from 1954 to 1963 and was chosen for the annual Alfred Marshall Lectures by Cambridge University in 1978.  He died in 1995 and the Guardian described him as 'one of the most creative and independent-minded revolutionary Marxist thinkers of the post-war world.'","brand":"Penguin Classics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46304347881701,"sku":"NP9780140445688","price":21.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780140445688.jpg?v=1767723360","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/capital-isbn-9780140445688","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}