{"product_id":"bio-based-packaging-isbn-9781119381075","title":"Bio-Based Packaging","description":"\u003cb\u003eBio-Based Packaging\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBio-Based Packaging\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn authoritative and up-to-date review of sustainable packaging development and applications\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBio-Based Packaging\u003c\/i\u003e explores using renewable and biodegradable materials as sustainable alternatives to non-renewable, petroleum-based packaging. This comprehensive volume surveys the properties of biopolymers, the environmental and economic impact of bio-based packaging, and new and emerging technologies that are increasing the number of potential applications of green materials in the packaging industry. Contributions address the advantages and challenges of bio-based packaging, discuss new materials to be used for food packaging, and highlight cutting-edge research on polymers such as starch, protein, polylactic acid (PLA), pectin, nanocellulose, and their nanocomposites.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn-depth yet accessible chapters provide balanced coverage of a broad range of practical topics, including life cycle assessment (LCA) of bio-based packaging products, consumer perceptions and preferences, supply chains, business strategies and markets in biodegradable food packaging, manufacturing of bio-based packaging materials, and regulations for food packaging materials. Detailed discussions provide valuable insight into the opportunities for biopolymers in end-use sectors, the barriers to biopolymer-based concepts in the packaging market, recent advances made in the field of biopolymeric composite materials, the future of bio-plastics in commercial food packaging, and more. This book:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProvides deep coverage of the bio-based packaging development, characterization, regulations and environmental and socio-economic impact\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContains real-world case studies of bio-based packaging applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes an overview of recent advances and emerging aspects of nanotechnology for development of sustainable composites for packaging\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscusses renewable sources for packaging material and the reuse and recycling of bio-based packaging products\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBio-Based Packaging\u003c\/i\u003e is essential reading for academics, researchers, and industry professionals working in packaging materials, renewable resources, sustainability, polymerization technology, food technology, material engineering, and related fields.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit \u003cb\u003ewww.wiley.com\/go\/rrs\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeries Preface xxvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Starch-Based Packaging Materials 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYing Chen, Kai Lu, Hongsheng Liu, and Long Yu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Macrostructures and Phase Transitions of Starch 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Microstructures of Starch Granules 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Phase Transition During Thermal Processing 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Extrusion Processing for Starch 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Phase Transition During Extrusion 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Rheological Behaviors of Starch-Based Materials 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Improving Mechanical Properties by Reinforcement 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Reinforcement by Natural Fillers 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Starch-Based Nanocomposites 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Self-Reinforced Composites 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Blending with Other Natural Polymers 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Functionalized Composites 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Reducing Moisture Sensitivity by Coating 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Applications in Packaging 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Summary and Future Work 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Protein-Based Materials for Packaging Applications 27\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eV. G. Martins, V. P. Romani, P. C. Martins, and D. Nogueira\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Proteins 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Protein Films for Food Packaging 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Film Production Processes 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Characterization of Films 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Mechanical Properties 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Barrier Properties 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Structural Properties 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Thermal and Optical Properties 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.5 Biodegradability of Polymers 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Protein Films Application 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Challenges and Future Perspectives 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Conclusions 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Protein-Based Biodegradable Polymer: From Sources to Innovative Sustainable Materials for Packaging Applications 51\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHuafeng Tian, Yunxuan Weng, Rakesh Kumar, Priya Rani, and Gaiping Guo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Forms of Packaging Materials 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Commercially Available Proteinous Material for Packaging 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Preparation Methods for Protein-Based Materials for Different Packaging Applications 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Properties of Protein-Based Packaging Materials 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Mechanical Properties 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Moisture Resistance 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Barrier Properties 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Biodegradability 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5 Antimicrobial Properties 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Nanomaterials Incorporated Protein-Based Packaging Materials 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Protein\/Inorganic Filler Nanocomposites 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Protein\/Organic Filler Nanocomposites 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Protein-Based Blends as Packaging Materials 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Protein\/Natural Polymer Blends 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Protein\/Synthetic Biopolymeric Blends 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Conclusions 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Chitin\/Chitosan Based Films for Packaging Applications 69\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJ.M. Moura, B.S. Farias, T.R.S. Cadaval, and L.A.A. Pinto\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Chitin and Chitosan 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Chitosan-Based Films 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Mechanical and Barrier Properties 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Antimicrobial Properties 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Antioxidant Characteristics 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Perspectives for Chitin\/Chitosan Based Films as Active Packaging Systems on a Food Product 85\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEwelina Jamróz, Piotr Kulawik, and Fatih Özogul\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The Effect of the Incorporation of Chitosan on the Properties of Films 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Blends of Chitosan and Other Biopolymers 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Characterization of Chitosan Films with Nanofillers 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Preparation of Chitosan Films with Active Compounds 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Chitosan-Based Films as Packaging Material Systems 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Conclusions 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Pectin-Based Bionanocomposite Coating for Food Packaging Applications 105\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDr. M. Vishnuvarthanan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Polymers in Food Packaging 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Surface Modification of Polymers 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Antimicrobial Packaging 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Biopolymers 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Pectin 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Bionanocomposites 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Nanoclay 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Silver Nanoparticles 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Pectin-Based Bionanocomposite Coating 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.1 Preparation and Coating of Pectin-Based Bionanocomposite 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2 Tensile Strength 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.3 Oxygen Transmission Rate 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.4 Water Vapor Transmission Rate 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.5 Surface Color and Opacity 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.6 Contact Angle Analysis 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.7 Coating Adhesion Strength 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.8 Antimicrobial Properties 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Conclusions 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Nanocomposite: Potential Nanofiller for Food Packaging Applications 119\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRafeeya Shams, Qurat ul eain Hyder Rizvi, Aamir Hussain Dar, Ishrat Majid, and Shafat Khan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Nanofillers 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Nanoclays 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Silica (SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e) 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Silver 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Gold 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.5 Metal Oxide 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.6 Zinc Oxide 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.7 Titanium Dioxide 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.8 Copper Oxide 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.9 Chitosan Nanostructures 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.10 Carbon Nanotubes 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Nanocomposites in Active Packaging 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Nanocomposites in Intelligent Packaging 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Nanomaterial Migration into the Food Matrix 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Commercial Aspects of Food Packaging 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Conclusion and Future Trends 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Nanocellulose Reinforced Polypropylene and Polyethylene Composite for Packaging Application 133\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar, S.M. Sapuan, R.A. Ilyas, Mohd Idham Hakimi, Syed Umar Faruq Syed Najmuddin, and Mohd Azwan Jenol\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Plastic Packaging 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Nanocellulose 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Polypropylene and Polyethylene Nanocellulose Composites 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Compatibility Between Nanocellulose with Polyethylene and Polypropylene Matrices 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Processing Method of PP- and PE-Nanocellulose Composites 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Solvent Casting 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Melt Compounding 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3 Injection and Compression Molding 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.4 One-Pot 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Factors Influencing the Performance of the PP- and PE-Nanocellulose Composites 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Drying Effect of Nanocellulose 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Chemical Composition of Nanocellulose 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Characteristics of the PP- and PE- Nanocellulose Composites 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Conclusion and Future Recommendations 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Green Food Packaging from Nanocellulose-Based Composite Materials 151\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAbdel Rehim M.H.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Synthesis of Cellulose Nanostructures 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Modification of Nanocellulose 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Properties of Nanocellulose-Based Nanocomposites 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Active Packaging Material 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Nanocellulose in Smart Packaging 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Future Trends and Conclusions 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Nanocellulose Polylactide-Based Composite Films for Packaging Applications 165\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDogan Arslan, Emre Vatansever, and Mohammadreza Nofar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Polylactide 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Nanocellulose Classification 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 PLA\/Nanocellulose Nanocomposites 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Processing 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Mechanical Properties 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Crystallization Behavior 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Barrier Properties 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.5 Applications 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Nanocellulose Composite Films for Packaging Applications 193\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLatifah Jasmani, Sharmiza Adnan, Z.M.A. Ainun, S.M. Sapuan, and R.A. Ilyas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Preparation of Nanocellulose 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Nanocrystalline Cellulose 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Nanofibrillated Cellulose 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Bacterial Cellulose 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Nanocellulose Barrier Property 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Nanocellulose in Films 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Extrusion of Nanocellulose Composite 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Casting of Nanocellulose Films 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Filtration of Nanocellulose Composite 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4 Coating 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Nanocellulose Film in Packaging 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Food and Beverage Industry 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Medicine and Pharmaceuticals 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Conclusion 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Utilization of Rice Straw as a Raw Material for Food Packaging 205\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRushdan Ibrahim, S.M Sapuan, R.A Ilyas, and M.S.N. Atikah\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Selling Rice Straw 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Selling Pulp 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Selling Pulp Molded Products 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Selling Paper 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Cost of Commercialization of Products from Rice Straw 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Conclusions 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Sustainable Paper-Based Packaging 225\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLatifah Jasmani, Z.M.A. Ainun, Sharmiza Adnan, Rushdan Ibrahim, S.M. Sapuan, and R.A. Ilyas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Types of Raw Material for Paper-Based Packaging 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Source of Fiber 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Types of Pulp 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2.1 Chemical Pulp 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2.2 Mechanical Pulp 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2.3 Recovered Paper 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2.4 Non-fiber Material 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Papermaking 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Types of Paper-Based Packaging 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Boxes 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1.1 Folding Cartons 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1.2 Rigid Boxes 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1.3 Corrugated Boxes 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1.4 Molded Pulp Containers 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Paper Sheet 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.1 Greaseproof Paper 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.2 Glassine Paper 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.3 Vegetable Parchment 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.4 Waxed Paper 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.5 Decorative Paper 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Using Types of Paper-Based Packaging 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3.1 Food and Beverages Industries 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3.2 Transportation Industries 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Packaging Requirement for Paper-Based Packaging 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Paper 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Other Requirements 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Properties and Food Packaging Application of Poly-(Lactic) Acid 245\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eN.H Sari, S. Suteja, S.M Sapuan, and R.A Ilyas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Properties of PLA 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Melt and Transition Temperature 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Crystallinity 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Mechanical 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Physical 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Thermal Properties 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 Optical 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.4 Flame Retardancy 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.5 Water Resistance 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.6 Grease Permeability 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.7 Water Vapor Permeability (WVP) 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.8 Biodegradation Properties as a Packaging 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Food Packaging Application of PLA 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Conclusions 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Poly(Lactic) Acid Modified Films for Packaging Applications 265\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJissy Jacob, Sabu Thomas, and Sravanthi Loganathan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Biopolymers 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Classification of Biopolymers 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Poly(Lactic) Acid (PLA) 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Modified PLA Films 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 PLA\/Clay Composites 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 PLA\/Carbonaceous Composites 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 PLA\/Bio Filler Composites 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 PLA-Mesoporous Silica Composites 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Conclusions 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Polyhydroxyalkanoates for Packaging Application 279\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar, Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, S.M. Sapuan, R.A. Ilyas, Mohd Azwan Jenol, Nur Amira Mamat Razali, Mohd Idham Hakimi, Nur Farisha Abd Rahim, and Syed Umar Faruq Syed Najmuddin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Biopolymers 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Polyhydroxyalkanoates 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Characteristic of PHAs 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Biodegradability and Enzymatic Degradability of PHAs 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3 Application of PHAs 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Based Composites for Packaging Applications 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Chemical Recycling of PHAs 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.1 Pyrolysis of PHAs 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.2 Application of Crotonic Acid, 2-Pentenoic Acid, and its Derivatives 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Future Direction and Recommendations 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Manufacturing of Biobased Packaging Materials 295\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMin Min Aung, Hiroshi Uyama, Marwah Rayung, Lu Lu Taung Mai, Moe Tin Khaing, S.M. Sapuan, and R.A. Ilyas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Bio-Based Packaging Materials 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Food Packaging Materials 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Biomass Plastic in Food Packaging 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1.1 Eucommia Elastomer 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1.2 Biopolyurethane Using Vegetable Oils 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Properties of Bio-Based Packaging Materials 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.1 Biodegradable Plastic 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.2 Biodegradable Polyester Composite 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Manufacturing Food Applications 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Food Industry and Bio-Based Materials Demand 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Conclusions and Remarks 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Bioplastics: An Introduction to the Role of Eco-Friendly Alternative Plastics in Sustainable Packaging 319\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eUsman Lawal and Ravi Babu Valapa\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Important Biopolymers for Food Packaging 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1 Starch 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.2 Polylactic Acid (PLA) 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.3 Cellulose 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.4 Chitosan 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.5 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Important Properties of Biopolymers for Food Packaging Applications 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1 Mechanical Properties of Biopolymers 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 Barrier Property 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.3 Antimicrobial Properties 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.4 Optical Properties 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.5 Combination with Plasticizers 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Biopolymers and the Future of Food Packaging 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Conclusions 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Bioplastics: The Future of Sustainable Biodegradable Food Packaging 335\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eS. Ayu Rafiqah, A Khalina, Khairul Zaman, ISMA Tawakkal, A.S Harmaen, and N Mohd Nurrazi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Types of Plastic for Food Packaging 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.1 Biopolymer 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.2 Biodegradable Polymer – Polybutylene Succinate 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.3 Biodegradable Polymer – Polylactic Acid 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Food Packaging 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.1 Starch-Based Bioplastic Packaging 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.2 Oxygen Transmission Rate 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.3 Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Active Food Packaging 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.1 Antimicrobial Food Packaging 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Renewable Sources for Packaging Materials 353\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eR.A Ilyas, S.M Sapuan, H.A Aisyah, Rushdan Ibrahim, M.S.N. Atikah, H.N. Salwa, Min Min Aung, S.O.A. SaifulAzry, L.N. Megashah, and Z.M.A. Ainun\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Packaging Materials from Bio-based Materials 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Development of Bio-based Packages 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.1 Polycarbonates from Sugars and Carbon Dioxide 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.2 Chitosan 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.3 Plant Cell Wall Biopolymers 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoate 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.5 Polylactic Acid 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.6 Starch 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.7 Protein 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.8 Chitin and Chitosan 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Decomposition of Biodegradable Plastics 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Renewable Energy Production Using Biobased Packaging Waste 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Cost of Bio-based Materials 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 Life Cycle Assessment 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 Social Consumption Behavior 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9 Conclusions 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Environmental Advantages and Challenges of Bio-Based Packaging Materials 371\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eR.A Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, Rushdan Ibrahim, M.S.N. Atikah, M.R.M. Asyraf, Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, S.O.A. SaifulAzry, and Z.M.A. Ainun\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Advantages of Bio-Based Packaging Materials 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.1 Reduction of Waste 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.2 Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emission 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.3 Rapid Decomposition 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.4 Sustainability 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.5 New Marketing Opportunities and Export Industries 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Challenges of Bio-Based Packaging Materials 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.1 Inappropriate Regulations 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.2 Lack of Composting Facilities 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.3 Manufacturing Costs 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Conclusions 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Life Cycle Assessment of Bio-Based Packaging Products 381\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eH.N. Salwa, S.M. Sapuan, M.T. Mastura, M.Y.M Zuhri, and R.A. Ilyas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Packaging: Function and Materials 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1.1 Bio-Based Materials for Packaging Applications 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1.2 Packaging Product Life Cycle 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2.1 Background of LCA 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2.2 LCA Approaches 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 LCA Goal and Scope (Definition of a Functional Unit and System Boundary) 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.1 Functional Unit (FU) 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.2 System Boundary 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Life Cycle Results Interpretation 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 Conclusions 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Reuse and Recycle of Biobased Packaging Products 413\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eR.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, F.A. Sabaruddin, M.S.N. Atikah, Rushdan Ibrahim, M.R.M. Asyraf, M.R.M. Huzaifah, S.O.A. SaifulAzry, and Z.M.A. Ainun\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Introduction 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Waste Management Efficiency for Bioplastics 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Prevention and Reduction 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Reuse Bio-Based Products 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Packaging Material Recycling 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 Mechanical Recycling Process 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.7 Organic Recycling or Composting 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.8 Impact of Aging and Recycling on the Quality of Plastic Materials 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.9 Conclusions 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Socioeconomic Impact of Bio-Based Packaging Bags 427\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eM. Chandrasekar, T. Senthil Muthu Kumar, K. Senthilkumar, S.M. Sapuan, R.A. Ilyas, M.R. Ishak, R.M. Shahroze, and Suchart Siengchin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Introduction 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Socioeconomic Factors Influencing the Bioplastic-Based Packaging Materials 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2.1 Interest from the Investors 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2.1.1 Market Projection on the Production of Bioplastic Materials 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2.2 Commercial Producers of Bio-Based Packaging Materials and Scope of Application 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2.3 Policy Making and Support from the Government 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2.4 Consumer Perception and Acceptance by Consumers (According to Countries) 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2.5 Challenges for Bioplastics in Packaging Applications 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2.5.1 Material Performance 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2.5.2 Recycling 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Future Scope 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Conclusion 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 The Assessment of Supply Chains, Business Strategies, and Markets in Biodegradable Food Packaging 437\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eK. Norfaryanti, Z.M.A. Ainun, and S. Zaiton\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 The Context of Bio-Packaging 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Types of Biodegradable Food Packaging and Its Characteristics 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2.1 Active Packaging 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2.2 Intelligent Packaging 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2.3 Biodegradable Packaging 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Biodegradable Food Packaging Supply\/Value Chain 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Business Strategies and Market Assessment 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4.1 Strategy and Market Projection 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4.2 Biodegradable Food Packaging Trends 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 Conclusion 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 The Market for Bio-Based Packaging: Consumers’ Perceptions and Preferences Regarding Bio-Based Packaging 453\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eCarsten Herbes\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Introduction: The Need for Bio-Based Packaging 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Bio-Based Packaging: An Overview 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Consumer Perception of Bio-Based Plastics 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4 Consumer Perception of Bio-Based Packaging 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5 Consumer Identification of Bio-Based Packaging 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.6 Industry Perspectives 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.7 Conclusion: Problems and Potential Solutions 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27 Regulations for Food Packaging Materials 467\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eR.A Ilyas, S.M Sapuan, L.N. Megashah, Rushdan. Ibrahim, M.S.N. Atikah, Z.M.A. Ainun, Min Min Aung, S.O.A. SaifulAzry, and C.H. Lee\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Introduction 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Asia 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2.1 Malaysia 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2.2 Japan 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2.3 China 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2.4 India 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 Europe 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 North America and South America 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4.1 History of Formal Food Packaging Regulation in the US 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4.2 US Food Packaging Regulations 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4.3 Environmental Impact of Materials Used in Food Packaging 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4.4 Rigid Plastic Containers 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4.5 Regulations 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4.6 The US Exposure Approach to FCM Legislation 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4.7 The Regulatory Enforcement Process in the United States 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4.8 A Practical Approach to the US Food Contact Materials Regulatory Regime 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5 Australia and Africa 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.1 Regulations for Food Packaging Materials in Australia 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.2 Reducing Environmental Harm in the Natural Environment 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6 Regulation for Food Packaging Materials in Africa 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6.1 Foods Based on Cereals and Wheat Production 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6.2 Beers 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6.3 Food Packaging; Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7 Conclusion 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 495 \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEditors\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eS. M. Sapuan\u003c\/b\u003e, \u003ci\u003eProfessor of Composite Materials, Universiti Putra Malaysia\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eR.A. Ilyas\u003c\/b\u003e, \u003ci\u003eAdvanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeries Editor\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChristian Stevens\u003c\/b\u003e, \u003ci\u003eFaculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBio-Based Packaging\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn authoritative and up-to-date review of sustainable packaging development and applications\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBio-Based Packaging\u003c\/i\u003e explores using renewable and biodegradable materials as sustainable alternatives to non-renewable, petroleum-based packaging. This comprehensive volume surveys the properties of biopolymers, the environmental and economic impact of bio-based packaging, and new and emerging technologies that are increasing the number of potential applications of green materials in the packaging industry. Contributions address the advantages and challenges of bio-based packaging, discuss new materials to be used for food packaging, and highlight cutting-edge research on polymers such as starch, protein, polylactic acid (PLA), pectin, nanocellulose, and their nanocomposites.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn-depth yet accessible chapters provide balanced coverage of a broad range of practical topics, including life cycle assessment (LCA) of bio-based packaging products, consumer perceptions and preferences, supply chains, business strategies and markets in biodegradable food packaging, manufacturing of bio-based packaging materials, and regulations for food packaging materials. Detailed discussions provide valuable insight into the opportunities for biopolymers in end-use sectors, the barriers to biopolymer-based concepts in the packaging market, recent advances made in the field of biopolymeric composite materials, the future of bio-plastics in commercial food packaging, and more. This book:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProvides deep coverage of the bio-based packaging development, characterization, regulations and environmental and socio-economic impact\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContains real-world case studies of bio-based packaging applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes an overview of recent advances and emerging aspects of nanotechnology for development of sustainable composites for packaging\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscusses renewable sources for packaging material and the reuse and recycling of bio-based packaging products\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBio-Based Packaging\u003c\/i\u003e is essential reading for academics, researchers, and industry professionals working in packaging materials, renewable resources, sustainability, polymerization technology, food technology, material engineering, and related fields.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit \u003cb\u003ewww.wiley.com\/go\/rrs\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988812054757,"sku":"NP9781119381075","price":216.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119381075.jpg?v=1761781686","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/bio-based-packaging-isbn-9781119381075","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}