{"product_id":"bacterial-pathogenesis-isbn-9781555819408","title":"Bacterial Pathogenesis","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis highly anticipated update of the acclaimed textbook draws on the latest research to give students the knowledge and tools to explore the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens cause infections in humans and animals. Written in an approachable and engaging style, the book uses illustrative examples and thought-provoking exercises to inspire students with the potential excitement and fun of scientific discovery.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompletely revised and updated, and for the first time in stunning full-color, Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach, Fourth Edition, builds on the core principles and foundations of its predecessors while expanding into new concepts, key findings, and cutting-edge research, including new developments in the areas of the microbiome and CRISPR as well as the growing challenges of antimicrobial resistance. All-new detailed illustrations help students clearly understand important concepts and mechanisms of the complex interplay between bacterial pathogens and their hosts. Study questions at the end of each chapter challenge students to delve more deeply into the topics covered, and hone their skills in reading, interpreting, and analyzing data, as well as devising their own experiments. A detailed glossary defines and expands on key terms highlighted throughout the book. Written for advanced undergraduate, graduate, and professional students in microbiology, bacteriology, and pathogenesis, this text is a must-have for anyone looking for a greater understanding of virulence mechanisms across the breadth of bacterial pathogens.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Memoriam xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Authors xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 The Power of Bacteria 2\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Are Bacteria So Much in the Public Health Spotlight Nowadays? 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacteria, a Formidable Ancient Life Form 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePressing Current Infectious Disease Issues 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFoodborne and Waterborne Infections 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModern Medicine as a Source of New Diseases 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostsurgical and Other Wound Infections 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBioterrorism 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA New Respect for Prevention 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurveillance: An Early Warning System 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Hospitals Safe for Patients 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnd Now for Some Good News: You’ve Got a Bacterial Infection! 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Helicobacter pylori Revolution 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Aftermath 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrobiota Shift Diseases 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Brave New World of Pathogenesis Research 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe New Age of Genomics 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsights into Pathogen Evolution 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModeling the Host-Pathogen Interaction in Experimental Animals 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelation Studies 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Skin and Mucosa: The First Lines of Defense against Bacterial Infections 22\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Best Defense: Avoid, Reduce, and Prevent Exposure! 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarriers: Skin and Mucosal Membranes 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Layers of Cells That Protect the Body 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormal Microbiota of the Skin and Mucosa 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefenses of the Skin 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefenses of Mucosal Surfaces 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Defenses of the Gastrointestinal Tract 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Defenses of the Urogenital Tract 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Defenses of the Respiratory Tract 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmune Defenses of the Skin and Mucosa 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModels for Studying Breaches of Barrier Defenses 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 The Innate Immune System: Always on Guard 40\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriggering Innate Immune Defenses 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInnate Immune Cells That Defend Blood and Tissue 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeutrophils (PMNs) 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells (DCs) 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGranulocytes: Basophils, Mast Cells, and Eosinophils 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransmigration—How Do Phagocytes Know When and Where to Go? 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Killer (NK) Cells 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Lymphatic System 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Phagocytes Recognize and Respond to Bacteria 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Phagocytes Kill Bacteria 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxidative Burst in Phagolysosomes 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutophagy—Another Pathway for the Killing of Intracellular Pathogens 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Complement Cascade 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplement Proteins 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of Complement Pathways and Their Function 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSteps in Complement Activation 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControlling Complement Activation 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCytokines and Chemokines—Mediators of Immune Responses 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoles of Cytokines and Chemokines in Directing Innate Immune Responses 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInflammation and Collateral Damage 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeptic Shock: The Dark Side of the Innate Defenses 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Innate Defenses of the Body—Nutritional Immunity 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 The Adaptive Defenses: Antibodies and Cytotoxic T Cells 72\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Specialists: Adapting to a Particular Pathogen Challenge 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB Cells: Producers of Antibodies 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Humoral (Antibody) Immune Response 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of Antibodies and Their Diverse Roles in Preventing Infection 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerum Antibodies 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecretory Antibodies: Antibodies That Protect Mucosal Surfaces 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathogen and Toxin Neutralization by Antibodies 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAffinity and Avidity 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCytotoxic T Cells, Also Known as Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs) 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCytotoxic T Lymphocytes: Critical Defense against Intracellular Pathogens 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntigen Presentation to the Immune System 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcessing of Protein Antigens by Dendritic Cells 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteraction between APCs and T Cells: The T-Cell-Dependent Response 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTh-(Th1\/Th2\/Th17)-Cell-Mediated Immunity 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction of Antibodies by B Cells 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinks between the Innate and Adaptive Defense Systems 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-Cell-Independent Antibody Responses 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMucosal Immunity: IgA\/sIgA Antibodies 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of the Adaptive Immune System from Infancy to Adulthood 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdaptive Defense Systems in Nonmammals 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Dark Side of the Adaptive Defenses: Autoimmune Disease 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 The Microbiota of the Human Body: Microbiomes and Beyond 98\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportance of the Normal Resident Microbial Populations (Microbiota) of the Human Body 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacterization of the Body’s Microbiota 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking a Microbial Census by Using Microbial rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacterizing Microbiomes by Using Metagenomic Analysis 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeyond the Metagenome 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of the Human Microbiota 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin Microbiota 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOropharyngeal Microbiota 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrobiota of the Small Intestine and Colon 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrobiota of the Vaginal Tract 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Other Microbiota: The Forgotten Eukaryotes 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Microbes and Disease: Establishing a Connection 134\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory and Relevance of Koch’s Postulates 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Germ Theory 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKoch’s Postulates: A Set of Criteria Used to Establish a Microbe-Disease Connection 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenges to Satisfying Koch’s Postulates 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEasier Said than Done . . .  138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe First Postulate: Association of the Microbe with Lesions of the Disease 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Second Postulate: Isolating the Bacterium in Pure Culture 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Third Postulate: Showing that the Isolated Bacterium Causes Disease Experimentally in Humans or Animals 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Fourth Postulate: Reisolating the Bacterium from the Intentionally Infected Animal 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModern Alternatives to Satisfy Koch’s Postulates 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetecting the Presence of the Pathogen Only in Diseased Tissues 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEliminate the Pathogen and Prevent or Cure the Disease 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative Infectious Disease Causation 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Microbiota Shift Disease Problem 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKoch’s Postulates and Pathogenic Microbial Communities 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKeystone Pathogens and Microbial Shift Diseases 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular Koch’s Postulates 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcepts of Disease 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVarieties of Human-Microbe Interactions 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViews of the Human-Microbe Interaction 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirulence as a Complex Phenomenon 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Mechanisms of Genetic Modification and Exchange: Role in Pathogen Evolution 156\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdapt or Perish 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcquiring New Virulence Traits by Horizontal Gene Transfer 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms of Genetic Change and Diversification 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpontaneous Mutation 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhase Variation 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntigenic Variation 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHorizontal Gene Transfer: Mobile Genetic Elements 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Transformation 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConjugation: Plasmids and Transposons 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhage Transduction 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl of Horizontal Gene Transfer 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxin-Antitoxin Systems—Retaining the Goods 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestriction-Modification Systems—Bacterial Innate Immunity from Foreign DNA 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCRISPR-Cas Systems—Bacterial Adaptive Immunity from Foreign DNA 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eType 6 Secretion Systems—Bacterial Defense Against Conjugation 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathogenicity Islands and Pathogen Evolution 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of Pathogenicity Islands 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathogen Evolution in Quantum Leaps 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Identification of Virulence Factors: Measuring Infectivity and Virulence 182\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Does One Experimentally Measure Virulence and Satisfy Koch’s Postulates? 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnimal Models of Infection 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Volunteers 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNonhuman Animal Models 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasuring Bacterial Infection in Animal Models 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthical Considerations 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnimal Model Basics 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurvival Curve Analysis and Biophotonic Imaging 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eID50 and LD50 Values 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompetition Assays 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTissue Culture and Organ Culture Models 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTissue Culture Models 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGentamicin Protection Assay for Cell Adhesion and Invasion 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlaque Assay for Intracellular Survival and Cell-to-Cell Spread 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluorescence Microscopy Techniques for Assessing Effects of Pathogens on Host Cells 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrgan Culture Models 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Continuing Need for Reliable and Plentiful Information about Disease Pathology 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Identification of Virulence Factors: Molecular Approaches for Bacterial Factors 202\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinding a Needle in a Haystack 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiochemical Approaches 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsolation and Purification of Toxic Factors 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular Genetic Approaches 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreening Using Recombinant Genes 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReporter Fusions 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutagenesis Screening 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenome-wide Sequencing Approaches for Identifying Virulence Genes 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTn-Seq Technology to Identify In Vivo-Expressed Genes 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRNA-Seq Technology to Identify In Vivo-Expressed Genes 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative Genomic Sequence Analysis for Identifying Virulence Genes 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProteomics Approaches for Identifying Virulence Factors 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtein Microarrays (Proteoarrays) 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Vivo-Induced Antigen Technology (IVIAT) 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Importance of Understanding Bacterial Physiology 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Identification of Virulence Factors: Molecular Approaches for Host Factors 226\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative Approaches to Identify Host Factors Required for Infection 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransgenic Animal Models 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn vivo Imaging of Animals during Infection 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystems Genetics: Comparative Genomics of the Host Response 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreening Approaches to Identify Host Factors Required for Infection 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenome-Wide Screening 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHost Response Profiling to Identify Host Factors Required for Infection 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranscriptomics 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProteomics 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetabolomics 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Promise and the Caution 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Bacterial Strategies for Colonization and Survival in the Host 254\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Does Not Kill You Makes You Stronger—Or, a Better Pathogen 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreinfection 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurvival in the External Environment 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiofilms 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotility and Chemotaxis 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColonization of Host Surfaces 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePenetrating Intact Skin 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePenetrating the Mucin Layer 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvading the Host’s Innate Immunity 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrient and Iron Acquisition Mechanisms 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdherence 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvading the Host Immune Response 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvoiding Complement and Phagocytosis 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvasion and Uptake by Host Cells 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurviving Phagocytosis 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell-to-Cell Spread 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTissue Penetration and Dissemination 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeyond Virulence Factors 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Global Perspective Problem: Integrating Concepts in Pathogenesis 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Toxins and Other Toxic Virulence Factors 294\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacterial Toxins 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransparent Mechanisms, Exciting Applications, Mysterious Purposes 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxin Characteristics and Nomenclature 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNonprotein Toxins 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeptide and Protein Exotoxins 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxic Effector Proteins of Specialized Secretion Systems 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of Toxin-Mediated Diseases 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiphtheria Toxin 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClostridial Neurotoxins 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCholera Toxin 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxin-Based Therapeutics and Research Tools 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmunotoxins 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 Delivery of Virulence Factors 334\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacterial Secretion Systems and Virulence 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Secretory Systems 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe General Secretory (Sec) System 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Accessory Secretory (Sec) System 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cotranslational Signal-Recognition Particle (SRP) System 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Twin-Arginine Transport (TAT) System 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecretion Systems Specific to Gram-Negative Bacteria 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSec-Dependent Secretion Systems 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSec-Independent Secretion Systems 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecialized Secretion Systems Specific to Gram-Positive Bacteria 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Secretory Transporter Systems in Gram-Positive Bacteria 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCytolysin-Mediated Translocation (CMT) in S. pyogenes (Group A Strep) 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eType 7 Secretion System (T7SS) 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 Virulence Regulation 360\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirulence Gene Regulation 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms of Regulation 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperons, Regulons, and Global Regulators 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActivators and Repressors 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo-Component Regulatory Systems 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSigma Factors 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranscriptional Terminators and Antiterminators 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation of Translation Initiation 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulatory Small RNAs 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacterial Chromatin 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponding to Environmental Signals 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhase Variation and Bistable Switches 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypermutability, Intragenomic Recombination, and Positive Selection 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoordinate Virulence Regulation 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuorum Sensing 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemotaxis 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Global Perspective Problems: Integrating Concepts in Pathogenesis 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15 Antimicrobial Compounds and Their Targets 400\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntimicrobial Compounds: The Safety Net of Modern Medicine 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Importance of Antimicrobial Compounds 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvoiding, Reducing, and Preventing Exposure 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKilling versus Inhibiting Growth 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTests Used to Assess Antibiotics 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntiseptics and Disinfectants 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibiotics 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of Antibiotics 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Process of Antibiotic Discovery 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Economics of Antibiotic Discovery 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms of Antibiotic Action 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTargets of Antibiotic Action 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtein Synthesis Inhibitors 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibiotics That Target DNA and RNA Synthesis 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInhibitors of Tetrahydrofolate Biosynthesis 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Newest Antibiotics 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Newest Antibiotic Targets 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrategies for Enhancing Antibiotic Efficacy 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Continuing Challenge 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16 Antibiotic Resistance 436\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Dawning of Awareness—Uh, We Have a Problem! 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Did We Get to Where We Are? 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnd Now the Really Scary Part . . . 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergence and Challenge of Multidrug Resistance (MDR) 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple Resistance and Genetic Linkage 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNext-Generation MDR Pathogens: The “Superbugs”! 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of Resistance Mechanisms 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistance to Antiseptics and Disinfectants 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimiting Access of the Antibiotic 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnzymatic Inactivation of the Antibiotic 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModification or Protection of the Antibiotic Target 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFailure to Activate an Antibiotic 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation of Resistance Genes 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibiotic Tolerance and Persister Cells 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibiotic Tolerance 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersistence 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxin-Antitoxin Systems 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHorizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) of Resistance Genes 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePropagating and Maintaining Antibiotic Resistance through Selective Pressure and Changes in Fitness 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWill We Return to the Pre-Antibiotic Era? 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReturning to Status Quo or Moving Forward? 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hunt for Alternative Approaches to Antibiotics 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Global Perspective Problems: Integrating Concepts in Pathogenesis 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17 Vaccination: A Critical Component of the Modern Medical Armamentarium 476\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccines: A Major Health Care Bargain 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Makes an Ideal Vaccine? 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmunization Programs 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarriers to Implementation and Success of Immunization Programs 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Antivaccination Movement 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine Success Stories 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubunit Vaccines 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConjugate Vaccines 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine “Less-than-Success” Stories 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA New Age of Vaccine Development: Making Vaccines Better 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApproaches to Enhancing Immunogenicity 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjuvants 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProgramming Adaptive Immunity 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTargeting Mucosal Immunity 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStorage of Vaccines—Strategies to Increase Shelf Life 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePassive Immunization 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Global Perspective Problems: Integrating Concepts in Pathogenesis 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18 The Gram-Positive Opportunistic Pathogens 514\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is an Opportunist? 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of Gram-Positive Opportunists 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotable Gram-Positive Opportunists 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStaphylococcus aureus—Commensal Ready for a Fight 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStaphylococcus epidermidis—Accidental Pathogen 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStreptococcus pneumoniae—“Captain of All the Men of Death” 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClostridium difficile—True Opportunist 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Gram-Positive Opportunists 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19 The Gram-Negative Opportunistic Pathogens 548\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJumping Over the (Cell) Wall: Gram-Negative Bacteria Can Be Opportunistic Pathogens Too! 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Traits of Gram-Negative Opportunists 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Dark Side of Some Residents of the Human Body 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Ever-Changing Face of E. coli 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKlebsiella pneumoniae Nosocomial Infections 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacteroides fragilis—The Bad Sheep of the Family 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePorphyromonas gingivalis—A Keystone Pathogen 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Inhabitants Weigh in as Opportunists 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePseudomonas aeruginosa—A Versatile Opportunist of the Highest Order 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBurkholderia cepacia Complex—P. aeruginosa’s Evil Twin 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcinetobacter baumannii—A Deadly Threat Emerges from the Iraq War 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon’t Forget the Arthropods! 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEhrlichia spp. 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Global Perspective Problems: Integrating Concepts in Pathogenesis 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20 The Changing Roles of Microbiologists in an Age of Bioterrorism and Emerging Diseases 574\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen Microbiologists Are Called to the Front Line 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTracking Down a Bioterrorist 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnintentional or Deliberate? 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTiming 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTracing the Source 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLessons Learned 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe “Top Four” Bioterror Agents 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacillus anthracis Spores 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmallpox 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eYersinia pestis 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBotulinum Neurotoxin 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat If Bioterrorists Hit Us with Something Completely New? 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiosecurity in a Complex, Dynamic, and Ever-Changing World 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood Safety and Biosecurity 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Case for Food Irradiation 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Future of Biosecurity 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 661\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBrenda A. Wilson,\u003c\/b\u003e Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMalcolm E. Winkler,\u003c\/b\u003e Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBrian T. Ho,\u003c\/b\u003e Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis highly anticipated update of the acclaimed textbook draws on the latest research to give students the knowledge and tools to explore the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens cause infections in humans and animals. Written in an approachable and engaging style, the book uses illustrative examples and thought-provoking exercises to inspire students with the potential excitement and fun of scientific discovery. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCompletely revised and updated, and for the first time in stunning full-color, Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach, Fourth Edition, builds on the core principles and foundations of its predecessors while expanding into new concepts, key findings, and cutting-edge research, including new developments in the areas of the microbiome and CRISPR as well as the growing challenges of antimicrobial resistance. All-new detailed illustrations help students clearly understand important concepts and mechanisms of the complex interplay between bacterial pathogens and their hosts. Study questions at the end of each chapter challenge students to delve more deeply into the topics covered, and hone their skills in reading, interpreting, and analyzing data, as well as devising their own experiments. A detailed glossary defines and expands on key terms highlighted throughout the book. Written for advanced undergraduate, graduate, and professional students in microbiology, bacteriology, and pathogenesis, this text is a must-have for anyone looking for a greater understanding of virulence mechanisms across the breadth of bacterial pathogens.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ASM Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988785316069,"sku":"NP9781555819408","price":106.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781555819408.jpg?v=1761781581","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/bacterial-pathogenesis-isbn-9781555819408","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}