{"product_id":"animal-models-and-human-reproduction-isbn-9781118881606","title":"Animal Models and Human Reproduction","description":"\u003cp\u003eOur knowledge of reproductive biology has increased enormously in recent years on cellular, molecular, and genetic levels, leading to significant breakthroughs that have directly benefitted in vitro fertilization (IVF) and other assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in humans and animal systems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnimal Models and Human Reproduction\u003c\/i\u003e presents a comprehensive reference that reflects the latest scientific research being done in human reproductive biology utilizing domestic animal models. Chapters on canine, equine, cow, pig, frog, and mouse models of reproduction reflect frontier research in placental biology, ovarian function and fertility, non-coding RNAs in gametogenesis, oocyte and embryo metabolism, fertilization, cryopreservation, signal transduction pathways, chromatin dynamics, epigenetics, reproductive aging, and inflammation. Chapters on non-human primate models also highlight recent advancements into such issues as human in vitro fertilization (IVF) and assisted reproductive technologies (ART).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book offers animal scientists, reproductive biology scientists, clinicians and practitioners, invaluable insights into a wide range of issues at the forefront of human reproductive health.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Anatomy of the Reproductive System 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eGheorghe M. Constantinescu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Male Genital Organs in Domestic Mammals 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Female Genital Organs in Domestic Mammals 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The Genital System in Domestic Mammals Species by Species 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Genital Organs in Laboratory Mammals 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Anatomy of Mammalian (Endocrine) Glands Controlling the Reproduction 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eGheorghe M. Constantinescu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 The Hypothalamus Including the Hypophysis 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The Cerebral Epiphysis 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 The Thyroid Gland 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 The Adrenal Glands 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 The Sexual Glands 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 The Liver 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Models for Investigating Placental Biology 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLaramie Pence and Bhanu P. Telugu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Classification of Placenta 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Development of Human Placenta 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Modeling Placental Development and Diseases of Placental Origin 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Summary 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 Early Developmental Programming of the Ovarian Reserve, Ovarian Function, and Fertility 91\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eFrancesca Mossa, Siobhàn W. Walsh, Alex C.O. Evans, Fermin Jimenez-Krassel, and James J. Ireland\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Impact of Prenatal Environmental Challenges on Fetal Oogonia (Germ Cells) 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Impact of Prenatal Environmental Challenges on Fetal Follicle\/Oocyte Numbers (Healthy versus Atretic) and Oocyte Quality 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Impact of Prenatal Environmental Challenges on the Ovarian Reserve (Total Number of Morphologically Healthy Follicles\/Oocytes in Ovaries) in Offspring 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Impact of Prenatal Environmental Challenges on Ovarian Function (e.g., Pituitary Gonadotropin Secretion, Ovarian Hormone\/Growth Factor Production, Response to Gonadotropins, Follicle Development, Irregular Reproductive Cycles, and Ovulation Rate) in Offspring 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Impact of Prenatal Environmental Challenges on Fertility (as Measured by Conception Rates, Fecundity, or Age at Puberty or Menopause) in Offspring 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Summary and Conclusion 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Small Non-Coding RNAS in Gametogenesis 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLukasz Smorag and D. V. Krishna Pantakani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Small Non-Coding RNAs 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Function of sncRNAs in Gametogenesis 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The Ovarian Follicle of Cows as a Model for Human 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarc-André Sirard\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 A Similar Physiology of Folliculogenesis 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Assisted Reproduction 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Testing the Competence Hypothesis 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Conclusion 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Production of Energy and Determination of Competence: Past Knowledge, Present Research, and Future Opportunities in Oocyte and Embryo Metabolism 145\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJason R. Herrick, Elena Silva, and Rebecca L. Krisher\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Measuring Metabolism 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 The Relationship Between Oocyte Metabolism and Quality 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Embryo Metabolism 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Metabolic Biomarkers 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Toward Personalized Culture Media: Formulating Media for Specific Maternal Conditions 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Summary 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Signal Transduction Pathways in Oocyte Maturation 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eFrançois J. Richard, Nicolas Santiquet, Annick Bergeron, and Daulat Raheem Khan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Phosphodiesterase 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Gap Junction Communications 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Metabolic Switch (AMPK) 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Conclusion 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Pig Models of Reproduction 213\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eB.R. Mordhorst and R.S. Prather\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Early Embryonic Development 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Oocyte Maturation 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Fertilization 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Tubouterine Contractility 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Development to the Blastocyst Stage 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Pregnancy and Developmental Programming 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Puberty 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Reproductive Disease 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Summary 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 The Mare as an Animal Model for Reproductive Aging in the Woman 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eElaine M. Carnevale\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Ovarian Activity and Reproductive Cycles 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The Follicle 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Fertility 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 The Oocyte 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Conclusions 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Spotlight on Reproduction in Domestic Dogs as a Model for Human Reproduction 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eShirley J. Wright\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Dog Reproduction 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Dog-Assisted Reproductive Technology 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Dog Contraception 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 The Dog as a Model for Human Reproduction 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Concluding Statements 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Animal Models of Inflammation During Pregnancy 359\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eKaren E. Racicot and Keith E. Latham\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Local Inflammation of the Pregnant Female Reproductive Tract 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Systemic Inflammation During Pregnancy 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Genetic Models and Cellular Manipulation to Study Inflammation During Pregnancy 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Inflammation During Pregnancy and Offspring Disease 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Perspectives and Conclusions 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Practical Approaches, Achievements, and Perspectives in the Study on Signal Transduction in Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization: Focusing on the African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevisas an Animal Model 383\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eKen-ichi Sato\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction to Reproductive Biology of Frog Oocytes and Eggs 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Practical Approaches 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Achievements and Perspectives 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Prezygotic Chromosomal Examination of Mouse Spermatozoa 401\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eHiroyuki Watanabe and Hiroyuki Tateno\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Procedure of Sperm Chromosome Screening 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Practical Use of SCS Before Fertilization 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Conclusion 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddendum 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Mammalian Sperm Acrosomal Exocytosis 409\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eFlorenza A. La Spina, Cintia Stival, Dario Krapf, and Mariano G. Buffone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Structure of the Acrosome 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Intermediate Stages of Exocytosis 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Sperm Capacitation Prepare the Sperm to Undergo Acrosomal Exocytosis 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Physiological Site for the Occurrence of Acrosomal Exocytosis 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 SNARES and Other Proteins from the Fusion Machinery 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Hyperpolarization 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Actin Cytoskeleton 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Calcium 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Sperm Chromatin Dynamics Associated with Male Fertility in Mammals 427\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eNaseer A. Kutchy, Sule Dogan, Abdullah Kaya, Arlindo Moura, and Erdogan Memili\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Sperm Chromatin Structure Modulates Sperm Nuclear Shape and Function 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 The Bull Is a Suitable Model for the Study of Male Fertility in Humans 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Conclusions and Prospects 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Epigenome Modification and Ubiquitin-Dependent Proteolysis During Pronuclear Development of the Mammalian Zygote: Animal Models to Study Pronuclear Development 435\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJan Nevoral and Peter Sutovsky\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Milestones of Pronuclear Development 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Nuclear Envelope, Nuclear Pore Complexes, and Nuclear Lamina Changes During Pronuclear Development 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Molecular Mechanism of Paternal and Maternal Pronucleus Biogenesis 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Role of UPS in Pronuclear Biogenesis 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Posttranslational Modifications of Pronuclear Histones 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Sirtuin Family Histone Deacetylases in Gametogenesis and Development 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.8 Clinical and Technological Considerations 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9 Conclusions 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Alterations of the Epigenome Induced by the Environment in Reproduction 467\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eZhao-Jia Ge, Shen Yin, and Heide Schatten\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Epigenetic Reprogramming 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Environment and Epigenetic Alterations 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Animal Models Used in Reproduction to Research Epigenetic Alterations Induced by the Environment 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Effects of Environment on Epigenetic Modifications in Humans 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Epigenetics and Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Priorities for the Future 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Toward Development of Pluripotent Porcine Stem Cells by Road Mapping Early Embryonic Development 485\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eStoyan Petkov, Kristine Freude, Kaveh Mashayekhi, Poul Hyttel, and Vanessa Hall\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Current Status on the Pluripotent State in the Pig Embryo 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Current Status of the Establishment of Porcine Embryonic Stem Cells (pESCs) 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Current Status in Establishment of Porcine-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Future Perspectives: Use of Global Profiling on Pluripotent Cells from Pig Embryo and Pluripotent Stem Cells 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Discussion and Conclusions 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Applications of Metabolomics in Reproductive Biology 509\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAna Luiza Cazaux Velho, Rodrigo Oliveira, Thu Dinh, Arlindo Moura, Abdullah Kaya, and Erdogan Memili\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Metabolomics and Reproductive Biology 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Metabolomics Studies in Large Animals as Models for Humans 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConflict of Interest 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Cryopreservation of Mammalian Oocytes 519\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMuhammad Anzar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Principles of Cryopreservation 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Cryopreservation of Mammalian Oocytes 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eAbout the Editors\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eHeide Schatten\u003c\/b\u003e Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eGheorghe M. Constantinescu\u003c\/b\u003e Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, USA \u003cp\u003eOur knowledge of reproductive biology has increased enormously in recent years on cellular, molecular, and genetic levels, leading to significant breakthroughs that have directly benefitted in vitro fertilization (IVF) and other assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in humans and animal systems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnimal Models and Human Reproduction\u003c\/i\u003e presents a comprehensive reference that reflects the latest scientific research being done in human reproductive biology utilizing domestic animal models. Chapters on canine, equine, cow, pig, frog, and mouse models of reproduction reflect frontier research in placental biology, ovarian function and fertility, non-coding RNAs in gametogenesis, oocyte and embryo metabolism, fertilization, cryopreservation, signal transduction pathways, chromatin dynamics, epigenetics, reproductive aging, and inflammation. Chapters on non-human primate models also highlight recent advancements into such issues as human in vitro fertilization (IVF) and assisted reproductive technologies (ART).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book offers animal scientists, reproductive biology scientists, clinicians and practitioners, invaluable insights into a wide range of issues at the forefront of human reproductive health.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988740817125,"sku":"NP9781118881606","price":224.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118881606.jpg?v=1761781405","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/animal-models-and-human-reproduction-isbn-9781118881606","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}