{"product_id":"an-introduction-to-molecular-anthropology-isbn-9781118061626","title":"An Introduction to Molecular Anthropology","description":"\u003cp\u003eMolecular anthropology uses molecular genetic methods to address questions and issues of anthropological interest.  More specifically, molecular anthropology is concerned with genetic evidence concerning human origins, migrations, and population relationships, including related topics such as the role of recent natural selection in human population differentiation, or the impact of particular social systems on patterns of human genetic variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganized into three major sections, \u003ci\u003eAn Introduction to Molecular Anthropology \u003c\/i\u003efirst covers the basics of genetics – what genes are, what they do, and how they do it – as well as how genes behave in populations and how evolution influences them. The following section provides an overview of the different kinds of genetic variation in humans, and how this variation is analyzed and used to make evolutionary inferences. The third section concludes with a presentation of the current state of genetic evidence for human origins, the spread of humans around the world, the role of selection and adaptation in human evolution, and the impact of culture on human genetic variation.  A final, concluding chapter discusses various aspects of molecular anthropology in the genomics era, including personal ancestry testing and personal genomics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ci\u003eAn Introduction to Molecular Anthropology\u003c\/i\u003e is an invaluable resource for students studying human evolution, biological anthropology, or molecular anthropology, as well as a reference for anthropologists and anyone else interested in the genetic history of humans. \u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Genes: How they are inherited 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood and ABO blood groups 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInheritance of ABO blood groups 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInheritance of more than one gene: ABO and rhesus blood groups 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex chromosomes 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermining how traits are inherited: Pedigree analysis 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is—and isn’t—inherited 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcluding remarks 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 What genes are, what they do, and how they do it 15\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChromosomes, proteins, and nucleic acids: Figuring out what genes are 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe structure of genes and what they do: The central dogma and the flow of information 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow genes do what they do: Transcription and translation 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe genetic code 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA replication 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe consequences of mutations 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat causes mutations? 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA final cautionary note 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Genes in populations 27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is a population? 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe concept of “effective population size” 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sex ratio and Ne 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInbreeding and Ne 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariation in population size over time and Ne30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferential fertility and N\u0026gt;e 31\u003cbr\u003eNe for humans 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 A simple model: Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium 35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe gene pool with no evolution: The Hardy–Weinberg principle 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExceptions 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA real-life example 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome practical uses for Hardy–Weinberg 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Evolutionary forces 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon–random mating 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmall population size 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutation 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMigration 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolutionary forces: Summary 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Molecular evolution 69\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctionally less important molecules (or parts of molecules) evolve faster than more important ones 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConservative substitutions occur more frequently than disruptive ones 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe rate of molecular evolution is approximately constant 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContrasting phenotypic and molecular evolution 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow do new gene functions arise? 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene regulation and phenotypic evolution 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Genetic markers 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassical markers: Immunogenetic markers 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassical markers: Biochemical polymorphisms 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe first DNA markers: Restriction fragment length polymorphisms 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolymerase chain reaction 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA sequencing: The sanger method 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNext-generation sequencing 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTargeting single DNA bases: SNPs 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariation in length 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther structural variation 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcluding remarks 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Sampling populations and individuals 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSampling populations: General issues 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSampling populations: Ethical issues 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArchival samples 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Sampling DNA regions 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMitochondrial DNA 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eY chromosomal DNA 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutosomal DNA 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX Chromosome DNA 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic databases 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Analysis of genetic data from populations 125\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic diversity within populations 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic distances between populations 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisplaying genetic distance data: Trees 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisplaying genetic data: Multidimensional scaling, principal components, and correspondence analysis 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Analysis of genetic data from individuals 147\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic distances for DNA sequences 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrees for DNA sequences 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRooting trees 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing the confidence of a tree 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork analyses 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenome-wide data: Unsupervised analyses 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Inferences about demographic history 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDating events 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation size and population size change 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMigration and admixture 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting it all together 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 Our closest living relatives 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResolving the trichotomy 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplications 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApe genetics and genomics 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 The origins of our species 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman origins: The fossil record 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModels for human origins 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe genetic evidence: mtDNA 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe genetic evidence: Y chromosome 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe genetic evidence: Autosomes 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15 Ancient DNA 229\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of ancient DNA: Degradation 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of ancient DNA: Damage 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of ancient DNA: Contamination 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of ancient DNA studies 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAncient DNA: Archaic humans 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther uses for ancient DNA 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16 Dispersal and migration 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOut of Africa—how many times, when, and which way did they go? 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInto remote lands: The colonization of the Americas 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInto even more remote lands: The colonization of Polynesia 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome concluding remarks 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17 Species-wide selection 283\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies-wide selection 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNonsynonymous mutations and the dN\/dS ratio 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTests based on the allele frequency distribution 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection tests based on comparing divergence to polymorphism 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArchaic genomes 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18 Local selection 299\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample: Lactase persistence 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample: EDAR 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAncient DNA 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcluding remarks 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19 Genes and culture 321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAre humans still evolving? 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic variation can be directly influenced by cultural practices 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic variation can be indirectly influenced by cultural practices 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing genetic analyses to learn more about cultural practices: Agricultural expansions 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing genetic analyses to learn more about cultural practices: Language replacements 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing genetic analyses to learn more about cultural practices: Dating the origin of clothing 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcluding remarks 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20 Ongoing and future developments in molecular anthropology 341\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore—and different kinds of—data: The other “omics” 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeyond “you”: The microbiome 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore analyses 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelating phenotypes to genotypes 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonal ancestry testing and genomics 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for additional reading 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eMark Stoneking\u003c\/b\u003e directs the Human Population History group in the Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, and is Honorary Professor of Biological Anthropology at the University of Leipzig. \u003cp\u003eMolecular anthropology uses molecular genetic methods to address questions and issues of anthropological interest.  More specifically, molecular anthropology is concerned with genetic evidence concerning human origins, migrations, and population relationships, including related topics such as the role of recent natural selection in human population differentiation, or the impact of particular social systems on patterns of human genetic variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganized into three major sections, \u003ci\u003eAn Introduction to Molecular Anthropology\u003c\/i\u003e first covers the basics of genetics – what genes are, what they do, and how they do it – as well as how genes behave in populations and how evolution influences them. The following section provides an overview of the different kinds of genetic variation in humans, and how this variation is analyzed and used to make evolutionary inferences. The third section concludes with a presentation of the current state of genetic evidence for human origins, the spread of humans around the world, the role of selection and adaptation in human evolution, and the impact of culture on human genetic variation.  A final, concluding chapter discusses various aspects of molecular anthropology in the genomics era, including personal ancestry testing and personal genomics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAn Introduction to Molecular Anthropology\u003c\/i\u003e is an invaluable resource for students studying human evolution, biological anthropology, or molecular anthropology, as well as a reference for anthropologists and anyone else interested in the genetic history of humans. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988727840997,"sku":"NP9781118061626","price":139.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118061626.jpg?v=1761781354","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/an-introduction-to-molecular-anthropology-isbn-9781118061626","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}