{"product_id":"a-companion-to-epistemology-isbn-9781405139007","title":"A Companion to Epistemology","description":"With nearly 300 entries on key concepts, review essays on central issues, and self-profiles by leading scholars, this companion is the most comprehensive and up-to-date single volume reference guide to epistemology. \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eEpistemology from A-Z is comprised of 296 articles on important epistemological concepts that have been extensively revised to bring the volume up-to-date, with many new and re-written entries reflecting developments in the field\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes 20 new self-profiles by leading epistemologists\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eContains 10 new review essays on central issues of epistemology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Ten Review Essays 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkepticism and Closure Anthony Brueckner 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContextualism Richard Feldman 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFoundations and Coherence Michael Huemer 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecent Work on the Internalism–Externalism Controversy Laurence BonJour 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Priori Knowledge Albert Casullo 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Common Sense Tradition Noah Lemos 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Power of Perception Peter Markie 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirtue Epistemology John Greco 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Epistemology Alvin Goldman 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBayesian Epistemology Alan Hájek and Stephan Hartmann 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Twenty Epistemological Self-profiles 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRobert Audi 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaurence BonJour 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStewart Cohen 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarl Conee and Richard Feldman 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFred Dretske 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRichard Foley 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRichard Fumerton 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlvin I. Goldman 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGilbert Harman 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeter Klein 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHilary Kornblith 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKeith Lehrer 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlvin Plantinga 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJohn Pollock 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eErnest Sosa 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarry Stroud 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMichael Williams 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTimothy Williamson 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrispin Wright 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinda Zagzebski 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Epistemology from A to Z 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Entries without author list cross references)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA 219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ea priori\/a posteriori Albert Casullo 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eabduction Christopher Hookway 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eabsurdity Robert S. Tragesser 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcademy (Plato) Nicholas P. White 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eact\/object analysis Michael Pendlebury 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eadverbial theory Michael Pendlebury 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eagnosticism Alvin Plantinga 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlston, William P. (1921–2009) Robert Audi 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eanalyticity Jerrold J. Katz 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eanamnesis Nicholas P. White 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eantinomy Robert S. Tragesser 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eapodeictic Robert S. Tragesser 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eaporia Robert S. Tragesser 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eapperception David McNaughton 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAquinas, Thomas (1225–74) Scott MacDonald 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eargument Albert Casullo 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eargument from analogy Jonathan Dancy 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eargument from illusion Richard Fumerton 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAristotle (384–322 BC) Terence Irwin 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArmstrong, David M. (1926–) Adrian Heathcote 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eassociation Barry Stroud 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eataraxia Charlotte Stough 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAugustine, St (354–430) Scott MacDonald 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAustin, John L(angshaw) (1911–60) Graham Bird 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eavowals David Pears 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eaxiomatization, axiomatics Robert S. Tragesser 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAyer, A(lfred) J(ules) (1910–89) Graeme Forbes 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eB 253\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacon, Francis, Lord Verulam (1561–1626) G. A. J. Rogers 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ebasic belief Matthias Steup 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ebehaviourism Edward Erwin 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ebelief John Heil 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ebelief in and belief that John Heil 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBergmann, Gustav (1906–87) Laird Addis 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBerkeley, George (1685–1753) Michael Ayers 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlanshard, Brand (1892–1987) Michael Williams 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrentano, Franz (1838–1917) R. M. Chisholm 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eburden of proof Douglas N. Walton 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eC 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarnap, Rudolf (1891–1970) Wesley C. Salmon 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCartesianism John Cottingham 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecausal theories in epistemology Carl Ginet 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecertainty Peter D. Klein 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChisholm, Roderick (1916–99) Richard Foley 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecircular reasoning Douglas N. Walton 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecogito John Cottingham 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecoherentism Keith Lehrer 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecollective belief Margaret Gilbert 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecommonsensism and critical cognitivism Noah H. Lemos 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003econcepts Christopher Peacocke 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinental epistemology Linda Alcoff 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003econvention Robert S. Tragesser 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003econversational implicature Duncan Pritchard 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecriteria and knowledge Bruce Hunter 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecriterion, canon Bruce Hunter 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecritical cognitivism 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eD 300\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDavidson, Donald (1930–2003) Ernest Lepore 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edeath of epistemology Michael Williams 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edefeasibility Bruce Hunter 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edefinition Robert S. Tragesser 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDerrida, Jacques (1930–2004) Samuel C. Wheeler III 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescartes, René (1596–1650) John Cottingham 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDewey, John (1859–1952) Peter H. Hare 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edialectic (Hegel) Kenneth R. Westphal 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edialectic (Plato) Nicholas P. White 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edifferent constructions in terms of “knows” Jaakko Hintikka 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edirect realism L. S. Carrier 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edisposition John Heil 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edogmatism Alvin Plantinga 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edoxastic voluntarism Sharon Ryan 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDutch book argument 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eE 326\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eempiricism Bruce Hunter 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpicurus (c.341–271 BC) Phillip Mitsis 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eepistemic deontologism Sharon Ryan 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eepistemic luck Mylan Engel 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eepistemic supervenience John Turri 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eepistemic virtue Guy Axtell 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eepoche Dagfinn Follesdal 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eessence (Husserl) Dagfinn Follesdal 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eessence (Plato) Nicholas P. White 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eessentialism 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eethics and epistemology Jonathan Dancy 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eevidence Richard Feldman 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eevolutionary argument against naturalism Omar Mirza 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eevolutionary epistemology Edward Stein 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eexistence Christopher Hookway 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eexperience, theories of Michael Pendlebury 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eexplanation Wesley C. Salmon 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eexternal world 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eexternalism\/internalism Laurence BonJour 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF 369\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efact\/value Robert Audi 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efallibilism Adam Leite 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efeminist epistemology Lorraine Code 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efirst philosophy Christopher Hookway 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirth, Roderick (1917–87) John Troyer 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFoucault, Michel (1926–84) Linda Alcoff 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efoundationalism William P. Alston 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrege, Gottlob (1848–1925) David Bell 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreud, Sigmund (1856–1939) Jim Hopkins 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eG 389\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGadamer, Hans-Georg (1900–2002) Linda Alcoff 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003egenetic epistemology Richard F. Kitchener 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003egenetic fallacy Douglas N. Walton 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003egeometry Wesley C. Salmon 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGettier problem Paul K. Moser 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003egiven, the Alan H. Goldman 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGoodman, Nelson (1906–98) Catherine Z. Elgin 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrice, H. Paul (1913–88) Richard E. Grandy 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eH 404\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHabermas, Jürgen (1929–) Hans-Johann Glock 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831) Kenneth R. Westphal 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeidegger, Martin (1889–1976) Charles Guignon 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHempel, Carl Gustav (1905–97) Jaegwon Kim 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHempel’s paradox of the ravens Peter Achinstein 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ehermeneutics Charles Guignon 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHintikka, Jaakko (1929–) Risto Hilpinen 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ehistorical knowledge Jack W. Meiland 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ehistoricism David Bakhurst 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHobbes, Thomas (1588–1679) Tom Sorell 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eholism Christopher Hookway 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHume, David (1711–76) Barry Stroud 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHusserl, Edmund (1859–1938) Dagfinn Follesdal 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI 425\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eidea R. S. Woolhouse 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eidealism Nicholas Rescher 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eideology David Bakhurst 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eillusion 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eimmediacy, presence Alan H. Goldman 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ein itself\/for itself M. Okrent 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eincorrigibility William P. Alston 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eindeterminacy of reference Christopher Hookway 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eindeterminacy of translation Christopher Hookway 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndian epistemology J. N. Mohanty 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eindubitability William P. Alston 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003einduction, problem of 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003einduction: enumerative and hypothetical Gilbert Harman 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003einfallibility William P. Alston 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003einference Robert S. Tragesser 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003einference to the best explanation Richard Fumerton 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003einfinite regress argument John F. Post 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003einformal fallacies Douglas N. Walton 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003einnate ideas G. A. J. Rogers 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eintrospection Vrinda Dalmiya 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eintuition and deduction Robert S. Tragesser 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eintuition in epistemology Bruce Russell 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eisostheneia Charlotte Stough 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJ 469\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJames, William (1842–1910) Peter H. Hare 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ejudgement John Heil 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ejustification Matthias Steup 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eK 472\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKant, Immanuel (1724–1804) James van Cleeve 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKK-thesis Risto Hilpinen 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eknower paradox 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eknowledge 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eknowledge and belief Steven Luper 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eknowledge by acquaintance\/by description David B. Martens 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eknowledge how, who, why etc. 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eknowledge-seeking by questioning Jaakko Hintikka 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eL 487\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716) R. C. Sleigh, JR 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLewis, Clarence Irving (1883–1964) John Troyer 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003elimits of human knowledge Nicholas Rescher 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003elinguistic understanding Christopher Peacocke 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eliterature and knowledge Paisley Livingston 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocke, John (1632–1704) R. S. Woolhouse 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003elogical construction R. M. Sainsbury 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003elogical empiricism 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003elogical positivism Barry Stroud 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003elogicism David Bell 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003elottery paradox Jonathan Vogel 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eluck, epistemic 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eM 512\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarxism David Bakhurst 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emathematical knowledge Mark Steiner 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ememory Tom Senor 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMerleau-Ponty, Maurice (1908–61) John J. Compton 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emethodology Wesley C. Salmon 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMill, John Stuart (1806–73) John Skorupski 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolyneux’s problem Steve Smith 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMontaigne, Michel de (1533–92) Richard H. Popkin 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoore, G(eorge) E(dward) (1873–1958) Thomas Baldwin 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoore’s paradox Roy A. Sorensen 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emoral epistemology Jonathan Dancy 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emyth of the given 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN 538\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enaïve realism 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enatural science, epistemology of Wesley C. Salmon 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enaturalism Philip Pettit 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enaturalized epistemology Hilary Kornblith 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enecessary\/contingent David Blumenfeld 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enecessity, modal knowledge Albert Casullo 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeoplatonism S. Strange 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurath, Otto (1882–1945) Andy Hamilton 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) Alexander Nehamas 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enihilism 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enoumenal\/phenomenal James van Cleve 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNozick, Robert (1940–2002) Sherrilyn Roush 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNyvya J. N. Mohanty 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eO 558\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eobjective\/subjective Robert Audi 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eobjectivity David Bell 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOckham, William of (c.1285–1347) Marilyn McCord Adams 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eontological commitment Christopher Hookway 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eontological relativity Christopher Hookway 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eostensive definition P. M. S. Hacker 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eother minds Akeel Bilgrami 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP 572\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eparadox Jonathan Vogel 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eparadox of the knower C. Anthony Anderson 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eparadoxes of analysis Felicia Ackerman 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eparanormal knowledge Patrick Grim 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeirce, Charles S. (1839–1914) Christopher Hookway 580\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eperceptual knowledge Fred Dretske 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eperspectivism 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ephenomenalism Richard Fumerton 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ephenomenology Charles Guignon 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ephilosophical knowledge Felicia Ackerman 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlato (c.429–347 BC) Nicholas White 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopper, Karl (1902–94) Anthony O’Hear 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epositivism 599\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epragmatism Susan Hack 599\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epreface paradox Earl Conee 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epresence 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epresocratic epistemology J. H. Lesher 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eprima facie reasons Jonathan Dancy 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eprimary and secondary qualities Barry Stroud 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eprinciple of charity Ernest Lepore 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eprinciple of contradiction Robert S. Tragesser 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eprinciple of credulity William P. Alston 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eprinciple of identity Robert A. Tragesser 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eprivate language argument P. M. S. Hacker 616\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eprobability, theories of Brian Skyrms 622\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eproblem of the criterion Matthias Steup 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eproblem of the external world George Pappas 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eproblem of induction 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eproblem of other minds 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eproblem of rule-following Philip Pettit 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eproblems of induction Laurence BonJour 638\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eprojection, projectibility Catherine Z. Elgin 643\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eproof Robert S. Tragesser 643\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epropositional knowledge Robert K. Shope 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eprotocol sentences Andy Hamilton 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epsychologism David Bell 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epsychology and epistemology Edward Erwin 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutnam, Hilary (1926–) Thomas Tymoczko 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyrrhonism Charlotte Stough 655\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eQ 657\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuine, Willard Van Orman (1908–2000) Christopher Hookway 657\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eR 659\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003erationalism Edwin Curley 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003erationality L. Jonathan Cohen 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003erealism Philip Pettit 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ereasons\/causes Robert Audi 672\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReichenbach, Hans (1891–1953) Wesley C. Salmon 673\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReid, Thomas (1710–96) Keith Lehrer 674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ereification, hypostatization Christopher Hookway 676\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003erelativism Harvey Siegel 676\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003erelevant alternatives Stewart Cohen 678\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ereliabilism Alvin Goldman 681\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ereligious belief, epistemology of Alvin Plantinga 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ereligious belief, epistemology of – recent developments Michael Bergmann 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003erepresentation Robert Cummins 699\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003erepresentative realism Frank Jackson 702\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRescher, Nicholas (1928–) Robert Almeder 705\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRorty, Richard (1931–2007) Michael Williams 706\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003erule-following 707\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRussell, Bertrand Arthur William (1872–1970) R. M. Sainsbury 707\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRyle, Gilbert (1900–76) Graham Bird 709\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eS 712\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esafety 712\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSantayana, George (1863–1952) John Lachs 712\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSartre, Jean-Paul (1905–80) Gregory McCulloch 713\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003escepticism Peter D. Klein 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003escepticism, contemporary Peter D. Klein 715\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003escepticism, modern Richard Popkin 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSchlick, Moritz (1882–1936) Andy Hamilton 722\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003escientia media 723\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eself-consciousness Vrinda Dalmiya 723\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eself-evidence Alan H. Goldman 723\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eself-knowledge and self-identity Sydney Shoemaker 724\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eself-presenting Alan H. Goldman 726\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSellars, Wilfrid (1912–89) Jay Rosenberg 727\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esensation\/cognition Fred Dretske 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esense-data Alan H. Goldman 732\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esensitivity and safety Duncan Pritchard 732\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSextus Empiricus Charlotte Stough 736\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esimplicity Elliott Sober 738\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esocial sciences, epistemology of Fred D’Agostino 739\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esociology of knowledge David Bloor 744\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocrates 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esolipsism Clive Borst 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpinoza, Benedict (also Baruch) (1632–77) Don Garrett 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStoic epistemology J. V. Allen 750\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrawson, Peter Frederick (1919–2006) P. F. Snowdon 753\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003estrong programme David Bloor 754\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuárez, Francisco (1548–1617) Jorge J. E. Gracia 755\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esubjectivism Richard Foley 756\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esubjectivity Christopher Peacocke 758\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esupervenience 760\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esurprise examination paradox Roy A. Sorensen 760\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eT 763\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003etabula rasa R. S. Woolhouse 763\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003etestimony Jennifer Lackey 763\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003etheory Wesley C. Salmon 768\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003etranscendental arguments A. C. Grayling 768\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003etripartite definition of knowledge Paul K. Moser 771\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003etruth, theories of Paul Horwich 772\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003etruths of reason\/truths of fact David Blumenfeld 777\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eU 779\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eunderdetermination of theory Christopher Hookway 779\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003euse\/mention Matthias Steup 779\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eV 780\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003everificationism Barry Stroud 780\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVico, Giambattista (1668–1744) Leon Pompa 780\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVienna Circle Andy Hamilton 782\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eW 783\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhitehead, Alfred North (1861–1947) Donald W. Sherburne 783\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWittgenstein, Ludwig (1889–1951) David Pears 783\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eZ 788\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ezebras and cleverly disguised mules Mylan Engel 788\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 793\u003c\/p\u003e \"Recommended. Libraries supporting lower-level undergraduates through graduate students\". (Choice, October 2010)  \u003cb\u003eJonathan Dancy\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Reading and the University of Texas at Austin. He is the author of \u003ci\u003eIntroduction to\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eContemporary Epistemology\u003c\/i\u003e (Blackwell, 1985), \u003ci\u003eBerkeley\u003c\/i\u003e (1987), \u003ci\u003eMoral Reasons\u003c\/i\u003e (Blackwell, 1992) and \u003ci\u003eEthics without Principles\u003c\/i\u003e (2004).  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eErnest Sosa\u003c\/b\u003e is Board of Governors Professor at Rutgers University. He is the author of \u003ci\u003eEpistemic Justification: Internalism vs. Externalism, Foundations vs. Virtues\u003c\/i\u003e (together with Laurence BonJour) in the Wiley-Blackwell series Great Debates in Philosophy (2003), \u003ci\u003eA Virtue Epistemology; Apt Belief and Reflective Knowledge, Volume I\u003c\/i\u003e (2007), and \u003ci\u003eReflective Knowledge; Apt Belief and Reflective Knowledge, Volume II\u003c\/i\u003e (2009). His publications also include his replies for the volume \u003ci\u003eSosa and His Critics\u003c\/i\u003e (edited by John Greco, 2004) in the Wiley-Blackwell series Philosophers and Their Critics, as well as numerous articles.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMatthias Steup\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor of Philosophy at Purdue University. He is the author of \u003ci\u003eAn Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology\u003c\/i\u003e (1996) and many articles in epistemology.  He edited \u003ci\u003eKnowledge, Truth, and Duty: Essays on Epistemic Justification, Responsibility, and Virtue\u003c\/i\u003e (2001), and he is co-editor with Ernest Sosa of \u003ci\u003eContemporary Debates in Epistemology\u003c\/i\u003e (Blackwell, 2005).   \u003c\/p\u003e  Since its first publication, \u003ci\u003eA Companion to Epistemology\u003c\/i\u003e has established itself as the leading single-volume epistemology reference work in the field. This extended and revised edition brings the companion up to date. Part I, consisting of newly commissioned review essays, focuses on the major topics that have an abiding centrality for the field, including a priori justification, Bayesian epistemology, closure, contextualism, epistemic virtue, internalism vs. externalism, foundationalism vs. coherentism, perception, scepticism, and social epistemology. Part II brings together twenty self-portraits of leading epistemologists who are widely recognized and respected for their contributions to the field, including Fred Dretske, Alvin Goldman, Gilbert Harman, Alvin Plantinga, John Pollock, Timothy Williamson, and Linda Zagzebski. The content of the first edition is retained in Part III: Epistemology from A–Z. This section of nearly 300 entries has been extensively revised, with many new and rewritten entries reflecting recent developments in the field.  \u003cp\u003eWritten by leading experts, the entries in this comprehensive volume combine to form a complete and up-to-date reference guide for students and professionals alike.\u003c\/p\u003e  \"This excellent new edition of \u003ci\u003eA Companion to Epistemology\u003c\/i\u003e offers a thoroughly comprehensive, authoritative and cutting-edge overview of the field. It will, I'm sure, be indispensable to those working in this area for many years to come.\" \u003cbr\u003e —\u003cb\u003eDuncan Pritcha\u003c\/b\u003erd, University of Edinburgh  \u003cp\u003e“A comprehensive guide to epistemology. The new sections and enlargements make the Companion unique among guides to epistemology. I recommend it highly to students as well as seasoned epistemologists.”\u003cbr\u003e —\u003cb\u003eMatthew McGrath\u003c\/b\u003e, University of Missouri\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988606599397,"sku":"NP9781405139007","price":269.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781405139007.jpg?v=1761780946","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/a-companion-to-epistemology-isbn-9781405139007","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}