{"product_id":"without-precedent-isbn-9780525533283","title":"Without Precedent","description":"\u003cb\u003eFrom the author of \u003ci\u003eUnlikely Allies\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eIndivisible\u003c\/i\u003e comes the remarkable story of John Marshall who, as chief justice, statesman, and diplomat, played a pivotal role in the founding of the United States.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eNo member of America's Founding Generation had a greater impact on the Constitution and the Supreme Court than John Marshall, and no one did more to preserve the delicate unity of the fledgling United States. From the nation's founding in 1776 and for the next forty years, Marshall was at the center of every political battle. As Chief Justice of the United States—the longest-serving in history—he established the independence of the judiciary and the supremacy of the federal Constitution and courts. As the leading Federalist in Virginia, he rivaled his cousin Thomas Jefferson in influence. As a diplomat and secretary of state, he defended American sovereignty against France and Britain, counseled President John Adams, and supervised the construction of the city of Washington. D.C.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is the astonishing true story of how a rough-cut frontiersman⁠—born in Virginia in 1755 and with little formal education—invented himself as one of the nation's preeminent lawyers and politicians who then reinvented the Constitution to forge a stronger nation. \u003ci\u003eWithout Precedent\u003c\/i\u003e is the engrossing account of the life and times of this exceptional man, who with cunning, imagination, and grace shaped America's future as he held together the Supreme Court, the Constitution, and the country itself.\u003cb\u003ePraise for \u003ci\u003eWithout Precedent:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e “[Paul] has crafted a scholarly but highly readable and often entertaining chronicle that embeds Marshall among the leading lights of the nation’s founding generation, humanizing him along the way... [Marshall] is justly celebrated as the most far-sighted justice ever to lead the Supreme Court. His lasting achievements are ably served by Mr. Paul’s deeply felt and penetrating biography.” \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWall Street Journal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“Law professor Joel Richard Paul brings exactly the kind of perspective that a legal scholar can best provide to this engaging biography of US Supreme Court Justice John Marshall.” \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChristian Science Monitor\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“Engrossing... Paul brings to life Marshall’s seminal cases.” \u003cb\u003e­\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003eThe Weekly Standard\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“[Paul] has added a well-written and admiring biography to the long line of Marshall scholarship.” \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSan Francisco Chronicle\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“Compelling... Paul’s narrative excels when providing background details and the political context of Marshall’s famous decisions. Unlike many previous Marshall biographies, this book properly focuses on the practical circumstances that form the ground of Marshall’s decision-making.” \u003ci\u003e\u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003eNational Review\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“[Paul] compellingly details the path that brought Marshall to the Supreme Court and how he was able to achieve so much while there in the absorbing and aptly titled \u003ci\u003eWithout Precedent\u003c\/i\u003e... This engrossing account of a key figure in our early history makes for excellent reading.” \u003ci\u003e—BookPage\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e“[A] comprehensive and insightful biography... Paul has produced an excellent treatment of an unquestionably impressive life.” \u003ci\u003e—Publishers Weekly\u003c\/i\u003e, starred review\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“A well-informed, perceptive, and absorbing biography of a titan of American history.” \u003ci\u003e—Kirkus Reviews\u003c\/i\u003e, starred review\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e“This historical account of the longest-serving Chief Justice in the court’s history provides in-depth insight into the early days of the Supreme Court and Marshall’s lasting influence.” \u003ci\u003e\u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003eAbove The Law\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“Paul offers an impressive biography on John Marshall, a politician and judge who became known as the nation's most powerful Supreme Court justice during his run in the 1800s.” \u003ci\u003e—Houston Chronicle\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e“In his engrossing biography of John Marshall, the fourth chief justice of the United States, Paul... makes a compelling case for Marshall’s enduring impact on the Constitution. With the verve that distinguished his previous book, [\u003ci\u003eUnlikely Allies\u003c\/i\u003e,]... Paul deftly evokes Marshall as a leader who imagined a dynamic interpretation of the Constitution.” \u003ci\u003e\u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003eThe National Book Review\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“This very human story should be of great interest to almost all readers. Well written and drawing on rich primary sources, \u003ci\u003eWithout Precedent\u003c\/i\u003e lives up to its title and will be an excellent addition to American-history collections.” \u003ci\u003e—Booklist\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“This masterly work elucidates the indelible imprint that Marshall made on the U.S. Constitution and its subsequent interpretation.” \u003ci\u003e—Library Journal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“An examination of the life and work of John Marshall masterfully put into the context of his times. The echoes of his decisions as chief justice still reverberate in our era.” \u003ci\u003e—San Francisco Chronicle \u003c\/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e “Joel Richard Paul capably draws the reader into the factual and legal complexities involved in dozens of court cases without resorting to legalese… This comprehensive and insightful biography is mostly homage to this often-overlooked founder of our nation. But Paul does not ignore Marshall’s ‘blind spots’, his occasional faulty reasoning or compromised ethics. As a biographer, Paul exceptionally balances Marshall’s character development with his historic achievements in a very human story.” \u003ci\u003e\u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003eThe Missourian\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e “Paul capably frames the facts and the importance of the issues, as well as Marshall's big picture thinking about the outcome. … This biography lives up to its title in that it provides the reader with a clear picture of who John Marshall was, how he grew as a leader and as a jurist, in a time when his nation was going through some growing pains of its own.” \u003ci\u003e\u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003ePotus Geeks\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“A highly entertaining and educational biography that should be on a lawyer’s reading list.” \u003ci\u003e\u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003eIowa Lawyer Magazine\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“Anyone interested in the law and our country’s Founders will find this book revealing and enjoyable.” \u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003eJill Abramson, former Executive Editor of \u003ci\u003eThe New York Times\u003c\/i\u003e and co-author of \u003ci\u003eStrange Justice\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e “You don't have to be a constitutional law scholar to enjoy this lively, wonderfully engaging account of the life and times of Chief Justice John Marshall.” \u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003eWilliam Taubman, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of \u003ci\u003eKhrushchev: The Man and his Era\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eGorbachev: His Life and Times\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \"Joel Richard Paul has written a fascinating and deeply authoritative biography of one of the most overlooked but important members of the founding generation. John Marshall was a lawyer, justice, and statesman, who as much as anyone else helped shape the nation's court system and left a lasting imprint on our legal principles\u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003eand much more. Here, in \u003ci\u003eWithout Precedent\u003c\/i\u003e, Marshall gets the attention he so justly deserves.\" \u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003eJay Winik, author of \u003ci\u003eThe Great Upheaval\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003e1944\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e “I would have predicted that there was nothing worth saying about John Marshall that hadn’t already been said. I would’ve been so wrong. In every chapter of this page-turning account of Marshall’s pivotal place in our nation’s history, even the expert will learn something new. How did Joel Paul figure out, for instance, that the great Chief Justice probably suborned perjury on his brother’s part during the bizarre \u003ci\u003eMarbury v. Madison\u003c\/i\u003e trial? You owe it to yourself to read Joel Paul’s terrific book to find out.”\u003ci\u003e —\u003c\/i\u003eLaurence H. Tribe, Carl M. Loeb University Professor and Professor of Constitutional Law, Harvard Law School\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e “Who was John Marshall, really? Thousands meet him anew each year solely through his published opinions. But finally, Joel Richard Paul gives us this captivating, indispensable account, painting a fascinating picture of the frontiersman, soldier, illusionist, strategist, diplomat and international lawyer who became not just the man behind \u003ci\u003eMarbury\u003c\/i\u003e, but so much more.” \u003ci\u003e—\u003c\/i\u003eHarold Hongju Koh, Sterling Professor of International Law at Yale Law School\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e“Joel Richard Paul offers an engaging study of Marshall, both the man and the jurist... Anyone interested in the American founding and the man who, perhaps more than any other, guided the republic through its most formative years, will appreciate this book.” \u003ci\u003e—Law360\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eJoel Richard Paul is a professor of constitutional and international law at the University of California Hastings Law School in San Francisco. He is the author of \u003ci\u003eUnlikely Allies: How a Merchant, a Playwright and a Spy Saved the American Revolution\u003c\/i\u003e, which was named one of the best books of 2009 by The Washington Post. He lives in northern California.chapter one\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The Frontier Soldier\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Lieutenant General Baron von Steuben could not believe his eyes.      At great risk and personal expense, he had traveled four thousand      miles across the Atlantic from Prussia to join the Continental      Army. Arriving at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, in February 1778, he      surveyed the desperate condition of this pathetic army with a      mixture of alarm and disgust. He felt deceived.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Under a gunmetal sky, he came on horseback from the town of York,      eighty miles west, where Congress had fled after the British      captured Philadelphia. After weeks of bitter cold, the weather had      improved in late February, and the Schuylkill River had begun to      melt. From a distance, Steuben could see one thousand cabins      crowding the hills. Smoke curled out of a forest of chimneys. As      he approached, Steuben could not discern in the waning light the      crimson tracks left by barefoot soldiers. But he could not miss      the stinking carcasses of horses lying in the snow.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e General Washington met him on horseback outside the camp. The      handsome, imposing Virginian and the plump Prussian with bulging      lips and thick eyebrows rode side by side in awkward silence.      Steuben, who was naturally ebullient, spoke French and German and      very little English; Washington, who was characteristically      reserved, spoke neither. It was an inauspicious beginning.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Steuben soon realized that Washington's army was a chimera. The      Continental Army was melting away faster than the snow. He had      expected to join a force of 40,000 men, but fewer than 14,000      remained and only half that were fit for duty. Nearly 7,000 were      sick or not equipped to fight. Over the winter, nearly 2,500 men      died from disease and around 15,000 deserted, sneaking across      enemy lines into Philadelphia twenty miles southeast along the      Schuylkill. \"With regard to their military discipline,\" Steuben      noted, \"I may safely say that no such thing existed.\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \"The men had been left to perish by inches of cold and nakedness,\"      Washington admitted. Without adequate food, the soldiers baked      \"fire cakes\" made out of flour and water on a hot stone placed in      the hearth. In some cases, starving men roasted their leather      shoes to provide one more meal. One officer complained that      \"Congress have let it in the power of the States to starve the      Army at pleasure.\" The camp needed 30,000 pounds of bread and an      equivalent amount of meat daily. In addition, the men were      promised a gill (four ounces) of whiskey a day. Rarely did the      camp have anything approaching that amount. Angry soldiers      chanted, \"No bread, no soldiers!\" The local farmers refused to      accept the nearly worthless Continental dollars. They preferred to      sell food to the British soldiers for pounds sterling. The      situation was so desperate that Washington told his troops to      steal whatever food they could find and \"make an example\" out of      farmers who sold to the British.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The next day Steuben surveyed the troops with his large wolfhound,      Azor, sniffing alongside. Half-naked men with skeletal bodies      stared back in wonder at his well-fed figure in a smart Prussian      blue tunic bedecked with medals. The men were awed by the general.      \"Never before, or since, have I had such an impression of the      ancient fabled God of War,\" wrote one young private. Few soldiers      owned more than one shirt, and many had none. More than 3,000 men      were barefoot or partly naked. France had sent the army tens of      thousands of boots that were too small for most Americans, and      those that fit fell apart after marches across hundreds of miles.      The scarcity of supplies forced many to cannibalize what little      they had. The lucky few who had blankets cut them into tents; the      ones with tents sewed the fabric into shirts. Most soldiers      suffered from scabies or lice, which drove men to tear madly at      their own flesh. As Steuben inspected the troops, men stood      shivering with open sores covering their bodies. Medical care was      almost nonexistent. Thousands lay in camp hospitals without      doctors, food, or drugs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Given all this, Steuben could not be surprised at the poor morale.      Nearly all the enlisted soldiers were in their teens and twenties;      most were poor and more likely to be motivated by the promise of a      steady wage than revolutionary ideology. Soldiers had been      promised forty shillings a month in hard coin, but wages were paid      irregularly in rapidly depreciating paper money instead. By the      winter of 1777, the Continental dollar had lost more than      three-quarters of its value. With it, soldiers could barely afford      a cheap bottle of rum. While soldiers starved, the senior officers      feasted on mutton and veal and toasted their commander's health      with General Washington's favorite Madeira. Still, even the      officers found the conditions intolerable. As many as fifty      officers resigned their commissions in a single week. Washington      suffered deprivations of his own: He complained to Congress that      his servants were not dressed properly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Amid this landscape of misery and disorder, one man seemed      unaccountably upbeat. John Marshall was a twenty-two-year-old      lieutenant from the Culpeper regiment of rural Virginia. Steuben's      roving eye could not have missed this handsome young man: Rail      thin with a tangle of brown hair and intense dark eyes, and more      than six feet tall, Marshall towered above his contemporaries. He      had a rugged complexion; a round, friendly face; and an infectious      grin. Long dangling arms and legs made him appear ungainly, yet he      was exceptionally athletic. Harsh weather and small rations never      dampened his humor and good spirits. When other officers groused      about conditions, Marshall teased them until they had no choice      but to laugh with him. He loved practical jokes, even at his own      expense, and turned every mishap into an excuse for laughter.      Once, when his bedding caught fire, Marshall made fun of his own      clumsiness. He delighted in challenging other soldiers to games.      He could jump farther than almost anyone, and he was a master at      quoits, a popular game involving tossing a donut-shaped discus      onto a stake. The men who served with Marshall loved him like a      brother, and in all Marshall's prolific writing years later, he      hardly ever complained about the conditions at Valley Forge.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Marshall impressed his superior officers with his even temper,      fair-mindedness, and intelligence. Washington knew Marshall's      father and appointed Marshall deputy judge advocate even though he      had no legal experience or education. As a judge advocate,      Marshall arbitrated disputes between soldiers and litigated      violations of Washington's stern orders: Deserters and cowards      were hanged, and even women living in the camp were flogged for      minor infractions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Marshall also paid attention to how Steuben quickly transformed      the Continental Army into a highly disciplined force by combining      rigorous training with paternal affection. Steuben wrote the first      regulations for the army, borrowing the best practices of the      French and Prussian armies. Unlike with his Prussian soldiers, it      was not enough to tell these Americans to do something; he had to      explain why. Steuben decided to serve as drillmaster himself. He      addressed the troops in a mix of German and French, and his      translator, who had no familiarity with military terms, turned the      general's words into a mishmash of fragmentary English. He drilled      them relentlessly with fast-paced, highly stylized routines      adapted for the unconventional guerrilla warfare that Washington      favored. Soldiers struggled to keep up. Even when Steuben lost his      patience with them and swore at them in a jumble of German and      baby English, they found him endearing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Within a month, Steuben had transformed the ragtag shadow of an      army into a disciplined fighting force. He reorganized the army      into provisional regiments, reformed the quartermaster's office,      improved sanitation and medical care, and demanded better food and      uniforms. No one had done more to build the Continental Army, and      Washington appointed the Prussian inspector general with the rank      of major general. At the same time, Steuben, like Marshall,      appealed to the soldiers' sense of fun. He served the officers      flaming whiskey drinks and organized costume parties that      lampooned their conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Marshall worked closely with Steuben, and the two forged a great      friendship. Marshall thought that Steuben and Washington, as      different as they were, complemented each other. Steuben formed      intense emotional relationships with his soldiers and insisted      that his officers bond with their men as well. And Steuben's      affection was reciprocated by officers and enlisted men alike.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Steuben's unconditional love could not have been less like      Washington's reserve. To his men, Washington was a remote father      figure who demanded respect and discipline. He had a rigid sense      of hierarchy and propriety. Officers were punished just for eating      with enlisted men. Still, Marshall thought that Washington was      \"the greatest Man on earth.\" He later wrote, \"When I speak or      think of that superior Man my full heart overflows with      gratitude.\" And Marshall credited Washington with saving the      Continental Army from defeat.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Washington and Steuben gave Marshall an early lesson in two styles      of leadership: Washington demanded unquestioning deference to      authority while Steuben fostered collegiality. These two heroes      came to represent the twin attributes of Marshall's professional      success: Marshall's influence as a statesman and jurist derived      from his ability to command respect for the authority of the law      and his talent for finding common ground.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Given the immensity of the challenge of turning these untrained      men into an effective fighting force, one might wonder why on      earth Steuben did not return to the Prussian army. The truth was      he couldn't. Lieutenant General Baron Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf      Gerhard Augustin von Steuben was neither a general nor a Prussian      baron. Though his maternal grandfather may have been a German      noble, Steuben possessed neither a title nor a fortune. He never      rose above the rank of captain in the army of Frederick the Great.      His military career in the Prussian military was aborted in his      early thirties when it was rumored that he preferred young boys.      After his discharge from the Prussian army, Steuben could not find      work and eventually ended up in Paris, where he met the French      playwright Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, who was engaged      in selling arms to the Americans. Beaumarchais introduced the      Prussian to two American commissioners, Silas Deane and Benjamin      Franklin, to see if they could offer him a military commission.      They were impressed with him, but Congress had already complained      that they were commissioning too many foreign officers, which      enflamed jealousy within the ranks of American officers. Deane and      Franklin thought that all they could offer was to send Steuben to      America without pay or rank. To make Steuben more salable to      Congress, Deane and Franklin concocted an over-the-top twenty-year      record of military service in combat as a lieutenant general, an      aide-de-camp, and a quarter master general to Frederick the Great.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e With his fictionalized curriculum vitae, Steuben was received by      Americans as if he were a world-famous warrior. In Boston, John      Hancock, the former president of the Continental Congress, gave a      huge party in his honor for the leading citizens of the city. The      Continental Congress set aside its collective suspicions of      foreign mercenaries to welcome him warmly to York. Congress      offered him a commission as a captain and agreed to pay him six      hundred pounds annually for life if the revolution succeeded.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Steuben thought he had pulled off a great subterfuge until he      arrived in Valley Forge and realized that Washington's army was a      far more extravagant deception: He was the one who had been      fooled. But Steuben did not return to Europe. He and Azor had no      place to return to. Instead, Steuben decided to make the best of a      bad situation. He knew that reality often follows appearances.      Marshall, too, learned that lesson early.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Valley Forge left an indelible mark on Marshall and laid the      foundation of his political and legal career. He developed      personal ties to Washington, Steuben, the Marquis de Lafayette,      and Alexander Hamilton, among others, that served him well later      in life. And the hardships at Valley Forge shaped his views about      government. The Continental Congress and the thirteen state      governments proved incapable of providing adequate support to the      army. The near collapse of the army convinced Marshall that the      Articles of Confederation were unworkable. Only a strong central      government with the power to tax, regulate commerce, and raise an      army could defend the nation effectively, he concluded.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Marshall was born in October 1755 in Germantown, Virginia, in what      was then the western frontier and is now Fauquier County—about      sixty miles southwest of Washington, D.C. He was the eldest of      fifteen—seven boys and eight girls. For the first decade of his      life, the family lived in a rough-hewn two-room log cabin. They      wore homespun—a coarse handwoven fabric—farmed their rocky soil,      and survived primarily on cornmeal mush. When Marshall was nearly      ten, the family moved farther west to a valley known as the      Hollow, now called Markham, in the shadow of the Blue Ridge      Mountains. This is where he lived until age eighteen. He and his      family shared a wood-framed two-room cabin measuring barely four      hundred square feet with a half-story loft. There were few      neighbors, and the nearest towns, Warrenton and Winchester, were      more than twenty miles away, roughly a day's trip on horseback. At      a young age Marshall was schooled in the conservative values of      self-reliance, individualism, and property ownership that shaped      his jurisprudence.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Marshall's father, Thomas, came from a modest background. Lord      Fairfax, the largest landowner in Virginia, hired Thomas and his      friend George Washington to survey Fairfax's more than five      million acres in the Northern Neck of Virginia. The two young men      worked side by side surveying and selling plots. Fairfax then      became the patron of the Marshall family, and Thomas slowly      acquired more land. Before John Marshall turned eighteen, the      family moved to a larger farm at Oak Hill, a short distance away.      As Thomas prospered, he became a respected leader in Fauquier      County. Eventually, he was elected to the House of Burgesses.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Marshall's mother, Mary Keith, was descended from two of      Virginia's leading families, the Randolphs and the Ishams. She was      the granddaughter of William and Mary Randolph, the \"Adam and Eve\"      of colonial Virginia society. Marshall's relation to the Randolphs      was tainted by scandal, however. His maternal grandmother, Mary      Isham Randolph, was a free spirit who could not be constrained. At      sixteen she eloped with a poor Irish workman, with whom she had a      child. Members of her family chased her down and allegedly killed      her husband and child. The trauma caused Mary to suffer an      emotional collapse. Later, she had an affair with an unsavory      Scottish minister, James Keith, who was seventeen years older than      she was. After they were caught \u003ci\u003ein flagrante delicto\u003c\/i\u003e, the      Randolphs banished Keith from his parish. When Mary was old enough      to marry Keith without her parents' permission, she did so. The      Randolphs refused to pay her dowry and cut Mary out of any      inheritance. The cloud of scandal turned darker when rumors      swirled that Mary's first husband was, in fact, still alive,      casting doubt both on the legality of her second marriage and the      legitimacy of her eight children, including John Marshall's      mother. Perhaps as a consequence of this scandal, John Marshall      rarely acknowledged his relationship to the Randolphs. His      grandmother's shame and the lack of a dowry undoubtedly made it      more difficult for his mother to find a suitable husband.","brand":"Riverhead Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46300249686245,"sku":"NP9780525533283","price":24.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780525533283.jpg?v=1767744444","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/without-precedent-isbn-9780525533283","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}