Wind Loads on Structures

This book provides comprehensive treatment of wind effects on structures. It starts with the load chain, then moves on to meteorological considerations, atmospheric boundary layer, static wind load, dynamic wind load and scaling laws used in wind-tunnel tests. Includes the latest information on the Euronorms: Eurocode 1, Actions on Structures. Provides a logical and comprehensive treatment of the basic principles.

Preface ix

Symbols xi

1 Introduction 1

2 Wind Climate 5

3 The Atmospheric Boundary Layer – Natural Wind 19

4 Static Wind Load 49

5 Along-wind Response, SDOF Structures 75

6 The Along-wind Response of Bluff Bodies 79

7 Cross-wind vibrations Induced by Vortex Shedding 109

8 Wind Load on Bridges 143

9 Galloping 173

10 Wind-tunnel Testing 177

Appendix A Random Variables and Stochastic Processes 191

Appendix B Calculation of Multiple Integrals 207

Appendix C Vibrations of Linear Structures 211

Appendix D Solving Flutter Equations 217

References 221

Index 227

Claës Dyrbye is the author of Wind Loads on Structures, published by Wiley.

Svend Ole Hansen is the author of Wind Loads on Structures, published by Wiley. Wind Loads on Structures Claës Dyrbye Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby Svend O. Hansen Svend Ole Hansen, Consulting Engineers, Copenhagen, Denmark Wind loads have to be taken into account when designing civil engineering structures. The wind load on structures can be systematised by means of the wind load chain: wind climate (global wind), terrain (wind at low height), aerodynamic response (wind flow to pressure), mechanical response (wind pressure to structural response) and design criteria. Starting with an introduction of the wind load chain, the book moves on to meteorological considerations, atmospheric boundary layer, static wind load, dynamic wind load and scaling laws used in wind-tunnel tests. The dynamic wind load covers vibrations induced by wind turbulence, vortex shedding, flutter and galloping. The book gives a comprehensive treatment of wind effects on structures and it will be useful for consulting engineers designing wind-sensitive structures. It will also be valuable for students of civil engineering as textbook or background material. It derives the theoretical background of wind loaded structures and gives practical applications for a large variety of structures, such as low rise static structures, buildings, chimneys and cable-supported bridges. The European Prestandard on Wind Actions, ENV 1991-2-4, is used throughout the book as a code reference.