{"product_id":"volcanoes-isbn-9781405162494","title":"Volcanoes","description":"Volcanoes are essential elements in the delicate global balance of elemental forces that govern both the dynamic evolution of the Earth and the nature of Life itself. Without volcanic activity, life as we know it would not exist on our planet. Although beautiful to behold, volcanoes are also potentially destructive, and understanding their nature is critical to prevent major loss of life in the future.  \u003cp\u003eRichly illustrated with over 300 original color photographs and diagrams the book is written in an informal manner, with minimum use of jargon, and relies heavily on first-person, eye-witness accounts of eruptive activity at both \"red\" (effusive) and \"grey\" (explosive) volcanoes to illustrate the full spectrum of volcanic processes and their products. Decades of teaching in university classrooms and fieldwork on active volcanoes throughout the world have provided the authors with unique experiences that they have distilled into a highly readable textbook of lasting value. Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion, Suggestions for Further Reading, and a comprehensive list of source references make this work a major resource for further study of volcanology.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVolcanoes maintains three core foci:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eGlobal perspectives\u003c\/b\u003e explain volcanoes in terms of their tectonic positions on Earth and their roles in earth history\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eEnvironmental perspectives\u003c\/b\u003e describe the essential role of volcanism in the moderation of terrestrial climate and atmosphere\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eHumanitarian perspectives\u003c\/b\u003e discuss the major influences of volcanoes on human societies. This latter is especially important as resource scarcities and environmental issues loom over our world, and as increasing numbers of people are threatened by volcanic hazards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReadership\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanologists, advanced undergraduate, and graduate students in earth science and related degree courses, and volcano enthusiasts worldwide.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e A companion website is also available for this title at \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.wiley.com\/go\/lockwood\/volcanoes\"\u003ewww.wiley.com\/go\/lockwood\/volcanoes\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePREFACE vii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART I – INTRODUCTION 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Eruptions, Jargon, and History 5\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA “Grey Volcano” in Eruption – Galunggung – 1982 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA “Red Volcano” in Eruption – Kilauea – 1974 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Basic Terminology 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of Volcanology 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART II – THE BIG PICTURE 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Global Perspectives – Plate Tectonics and Volcanism 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBirth of a Theory 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanoes along Divergent Plate Boundaries 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanoes along Convergent Plate Boundaries 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraplate Volcanoes 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. The Nature of Magma – Where Volcanoes Come From 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrigins of Magma 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Physics and Chemistry of Melting 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification of Magma and Igneous Rocks 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrincipal Magma Types 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagmatic and Volcanic Gases 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. The Physical Properties of Magma and Why it Erupts 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagma Temperatures 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagma Rheology 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagma Ascent and Emplacement 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Frozen Magma” – Subvolcanic Intrusives 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriggers for Volcanic Eruptions –Why Volcanoes Erupt 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepose Intervals 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART III – VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND THEIR PRODUCTS 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Classifying Volcanic Eruptions 115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLacroix Classification System 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRittman Diagrams 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeze Classification Diagram 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWalker Classification System 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Effusive Volcanic Eruptions and Their Products 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMafic and Intermediate Effusive Eruptions 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePahoehoe and 0A0a 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyroducts 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePahoehoe Surface Structures 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLava Flow Internal Structures 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0A0a Surface Structures 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlock Lavas 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiocarbon Dating of Prehistoric Lava Flows 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. An Overview of Explosive Eruptions and Their Products 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEjecta Classification 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplosive Eruption Styles and Their Products 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyroclastic Density Currents (PDCs) 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. A Closer Look at Large-scale Explosive Eruptions 223\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasuring the Sizes of Plinian Eruptions 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlinian Eruption Dynamics 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyroclastic Density Currents (PDCs) 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirected Blasts 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Super-Eruptions” 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART IV – VOLCANIC LANDFORMS AND SETTINGS 265\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. Constructional (“Positive”) Volcanic Landforms 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLarge Igneous Provinces 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShield Volcanoes 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComposite Volcanoes 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinor Volcanic Landforms 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcano Old Age and Extinction 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. “Negative” Volcanic Landforms – Craters and Calderas 317\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmall Craters 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalderas 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost-caldera Resurgence 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaldera Formation Mechanisms 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaldera Roots – Relationships to Plutonic Rocks 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcano-tectonic Depressions 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11. Mass-wasting Processes and Products 341\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandslides, Avalanches, and Sector Collapses 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLahars 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses of Lahars 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLahar Dynamics 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLahar Destructiveness 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12. Volcanoes Unseen and Far Away 361\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubmarine and Subglacial Volcanoes – The Meeting of Fire, Water, and Ice 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Volcanoes 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART V – HUMANISTIC VOLCANOLOGY 395\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13. Volcanoes: Life, Climate, and Human History 397\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanoes and the Origin of Life 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanoes, Atmosphere, and Climate 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanic Influence on Soil Fertility and Agriculture 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanoes and Human History 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Impact of Volcanic Eruptions 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14. Volcanic Hazards and Risk – Monitoring and Mitigation 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHazards and Risk 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActive, Dormant, and Extinct Volcanoes 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanic Hazards 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanic Risk 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcano Monitoring 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanic Crisis Management 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15. Economic Volcanology 465\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarth Energy Relationships 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcano Energy 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStored Energy: Geothermal Power 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanoes and Ore Deposits 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Useful Volcanic Materials 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Thought, Study, and Discussion 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpilogue: The Future of Volcanology 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix: List of Prominent World Volcanoes 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMap: Prominent World Volcanoes 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompanion website available at \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.wiley.com\/go\/lockwood\/volcanoes\"\u003ewww.wiley.com\/go\/lockwood\/volcanoes\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e“Overall I would highly recommend this work to anyone who wishes to understand volcanoes from a global perspective.”  (\u003ci\u003eBull Volcanol\u003c\/i\u003e, 2011)\u003c\/p\u003e \"Volcanoes will satisfy everybody interested in this fascinating topic, but most of all this textbook is\u003cbr\u003e written for volcanologists, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in Earth sciences.\" (Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2011)  \u003cp\u003e\"Overall I would highly recommend this work to anyone who wishes to understand volcanoes from a global perspective.\" (Bull Volcanol, 2011)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Essential. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals; general readers\". (Choice, 1 November 2010)\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cb\u003eJack Lockwood\u003c\/b\u003e worked for the US Geological Survey for over 30 years, including 20 years in Hawaii, based at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. He now runs a consulting business, Geohazards Consultants International.  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRichard (Rick) Hazlett\u003c\/b\u003e is Coordinator of the Environmental Analysis Program and a member of the Geology Department at Pomona College in Claremont, California, where he teaches an upper-level course in physical volcanology.\u003c\/p\u003e  Volcanoes are essential elements in the delicate global balance of elemental forces that govern both the dynamic evolution of the Earth and the nature of Life itself. Without volcanic activity, life as we know it would not exist on our planet. Although beautiful to behold, volcanoes are also potentially destructive, and understanding their nature is critical to prevent major loss of life in the future.  \u003cp\u003eRichly illustrated with over 300 original color photographs and diagrams the book is written in an informal manner, with minimum use of jargon, and relies heavily on first-person, eye-witness accounts of eruptive activity at both \"red\" (effusive) and \"grey\" (explosive) volcanoes to illustrate the full spectrum of volcanic processes and their products. Decades of teaching in university classrooms and fieldwork on active volcanoes throughout the world have provided the authors with unique experiences that they have distilled into a highly readable textbook of lasting value. Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion, Suggestions for Further Reading, and a comprehensive list of source references make this work a major resource for further study of volcanology.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVolcanoes maintains three core foci:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eGlobal perspectives\u003c\/b\u003e explain volcanoes in terms of their tectonic positions on Earth and their roles in earth history\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eEnvironmental perspectives\u003c\/b\u003e describe the essential role of volcanism in the moderation of terrestrial climate and atmosphere\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eHumanitarian perspectives\u003c\/b\u003e discuss the major influences of volcanoes on human societies. This latter is especially important as resource scarcities and environmental issues loom over our world, and as increasing numbers of people are threatened by volcanic hazards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReadership\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanologists, advanced undergraduate, and graduate students in earth science and related degree courses, and volcano enthusiasts worldwide.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990462152933,"sku":"NP9781405162494","price":156.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781405162494.jpg?v=1761787924","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/volcanoes-isbn-9781405162494","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}