{"product_id":"veterinary-oral-diagnostic-imaging-isbn-9781119780502","title":"Veterinary Oral Diagnostic Imaging","description":"\u003cb\u003eVeterinary Oral Diagnostic Imaging\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eComplete reference on using diagnostic imaging in veterinary dentistry and interpreting diagnostic images in dogs, cats, exotic pets, zoological animals, and horses\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eVeterinary Oral Diagnostic Imaging\u003c\/i\u003e offers veterinary clinicians a complete guide to using diagnostic imaging for common dentistry and oral surgery procedures in a veterinary practice. It provides guidance on positioning, techniques, and interpreting diagnostic images in the oral cavity, with more than 600 high-quality dental diagnostic images showing both normal anatomy and pathology for comparison. Focusing on dental radiography in dogs, cats, exotic pets, zoological animals, and horses, the book also includes advanced modalities such as MRI, CT, and cone beam CT. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eVeterinary Oral Diagnostic Imaging\u003c\/i\u003e covers: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHistory, physiology, and indications for diagnostic imaging of the oral cavity, with information on the history of diagnostic imaging and radiographic image creation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDigital dental radiographic positioning and image labeling, covering the parallel technique, bisecting angle, radiographic positioning errors, and labial mounting\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eInterpretation of anatomy, covering normal radiographic anatomy, dentition and tooth numbers, deciduous and permanent teeth of canine and feline patients, eruption patterns and common and uncommon radiographic pathology observed in these animals\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStandard imaging, radiographic anatomy, and interpretation of equine patients, as well as exotic pocket pets and zoological animals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eFocusing on the fundamentals of dental radiographic imaging, interpretation, and applications to the oral cavity, \u003ci\u003eVeterinary Oral Diagnostic Imaging\u003c\/i\u003e is an essential resource for any veterinarian providing dental services as part of their practice, along with veterinary students and interns. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 History, Physiology, Modality Options, and Safety for Diagnostic Imaging of the Oral Cavity 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBrenda L. Mulherin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of Diagnostic Imaging 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscovery of X-rays 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeveloping of Safety Measures 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShortening of Exposure Time 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlass Plates to Film 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProgression to Digital 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhilosophy of Diagnostic Imaging 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing the Appropriate Modality 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbility to Interpret Findings 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographic Indications 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDocumentation of Disease 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValue of Full-Mouth Radiography 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmerican Animal Hospital Association Guidelines Regarding Dental Radiography 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraoral Dental Radiographic Equipment 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenerators 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWall-Mounted Units 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHandheld Units 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMobile Units\/Castor-Mounted Units 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFilm 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard Film 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigital Image Acquisition 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographic Imaging 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic Unit of an X-ray 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilliamperes (mA), Kilovoltage Peak (kVp), and Exposure Time 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographic Densities 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiopaque 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiolucent 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigital Image Creation 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCreation of a Digital Image 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Format (DICOM) 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePixels 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvanced Imaging Modalities 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputed Tomography 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnetic Resonance Imaging 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinitions Relating to Imaging Modalities 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSagittal Plane 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransverse Plane 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDorsal Plane 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputed Tomography Window Width and Window Level 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindow Width 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindow Level 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Common Viewing Windows 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBone Window 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoft Tissue Window 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiation Safety 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiation Safety Apparel 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollimation 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime, Distance, and Shielding 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistance 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShielding 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiation Safety Equipment Inspection 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtective Apparel 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCare of Radiation Safety Equipment 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiation Safety Inspection Protocol 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Digital Dental Radiographic Positioning and Image Labeling 23\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBrenda L. Mulherin and Chad Lothamer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenefits to Proper Positioning 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePracticing Techniques 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of Position Indicating Device (PID) 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositioning Techniques 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient Positioning 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSternal Recumbency 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDorsal Recumbency 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral Recumbency 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensor\/Phosphor Plate\/Film Placement 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic Positioning of Sensor 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEliminating Unused Film Space 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisualization of the Crown and Space Apical to Root 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraoral Parallel Technique 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeal Radiographic Technique 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlacement of Sensor for Parallel Technique 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSize Matters 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternative Positioning 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParallel Technique for Cats 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraoral Bisecting Angle Technique 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlane of the Tooth, Plane of the Film, and the Angle that Bisects 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShadow Game: Elongation, Foreshortening, and the Bisecting Angle 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAxis of the Sensor, the Tooth, and the PID 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositioning of the Patient Matters 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomical Variations 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUses of the Bisecting Angle Technique 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcclusal Radiographic Technique 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeline Maxillary Premolar and Molar Teeth 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraoral Technique 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Almost Parallel” or “Near Parallel” Technique 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocalization of the Palatal Roots 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechniques for Imaging Caudal Teeth in Small Patients 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnique Errors 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeshortening and Elongation 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCone Cutting 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMissing the Apex 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverexposed or Underexposed 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArtifacts 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepeat Radiographs 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Interpretation of Normal Radiographic Anatomy 55\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBrenda L. Mulherin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValue of Intraoral Radiographic Imaging 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality of Images 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExposure Artifacts 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositioning Techniques 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParallel Technique 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBisecting Angle Technique 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositioning Artifacts 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElongation 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeshortening 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCone Cutting 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMissing the Apex 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMounting of Standard Dental Radiographs 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Mounting 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabial Mounting 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLingual Mounting 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabial Mounting of Standard Dental Radiographic Film 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLingual Mounting of Standard Radiographic Film 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigital Radiographic Mounting 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabial Mounting-Positioning of Teeth 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermining Maxilla from Mandible 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermining Right from Left 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModified Triadan Numbering System 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeciduous versus Permanent Teeth 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEruption Patterns 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixed Dentition 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpretation of Images 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth Root Numbers 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaxillary Teeth 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMandibular Teeth 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluation of the Structures 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrown 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBone 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpretation of Radiographic Shadows 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere to Begin? 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Interpretation of Common Oral Pathology in the Canine Patient 119\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBrenda L. Mulherin and Chanda Miles\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriodontal Disease 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStages of PD 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Bone Loss 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHorizontal Bone Loss 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical Bone Loss 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurcation Bone Loss 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupernumerary Roots and Teeth 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCanine Tooth Resorption 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Tooth Resorption 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal Tooth Resorption 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal Surface Resorption 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal Tooth Resorption 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of Tooth Resorption 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOdontogenic Cysts 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentigerous Cysts 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriapical Cysts 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment for Odontogenic Cysts 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth Fractures 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot Fractures 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetained Tooth Roots 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndodontic Disease 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEtiology 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographic Signs of Endodontic Disease 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWidened PDL Space 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoss of Lamina Dura 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriapical Lucency 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal and Internal Root Resorption 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWidened Pulp Canal 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulp Canal Calcification 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApical Periodontitis 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute Apical Abscess 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic Apical Abscess 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndodontic Therapy 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot Canal Therapy 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVital Pulp Therapy 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttrition and Abrasion 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEruption Abnormalities 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersistent Deciduous Teeth 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnerupted Teeth 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbnormal Eruption 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Interpretation of Common Pathology in the Feline Patient 167\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBrenda L. Mulherin and Chanda Miles\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriodontal Disease 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Bone Loss 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuccal Alveolar Expansile Osteitis (BAEO) 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth Resorption 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStages and Types of Feline Tooth Resorption 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStages of Tooth Resorption 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Tooth Resorption 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCriteria for Performing Crown Amputation\/Intentional Root Retention 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupraeruption\/Extrusion 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOsteomyelitis and Osteitis 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetained Tooth Roots 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndodontic Disease 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Oral Surgery: Neoplasia and Cystic Conditions 199\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMegan Mickelson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographic Indications of Neoplasia (Benign and Malignant) 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenign Oral Tumors 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCanine Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma (CAA) 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeripheral Odontogenic Fibroma (POF) 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeline Inductive Odontogenic Tumor (FIOT) 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMalignant Oral Tumors 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNontonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePapillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma (PSCC) 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOral Malignant Melanoma (MM) 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFibrosarcoma (FSA) 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOsteosarcoma (OSA) 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultilobular Osteochondrosarcoma (MLO) 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographic Indications of Cystic Conditions 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentigerous Cyst 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadicular Cyst 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCanine Furcation Cyst 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgical Ciliated Cyst 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral Periodontal Cyst 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOdontogenic Keratocyst (OKC)\/Canine Odontogenic Parakeratinized Cyst (COPC) 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompound and Complex Odontomas 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimitations of Dental Radiography for Neoplasia 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Interpretation of Uncommon Pathology in the Canine and Feline Patient 235\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBrenda Mulherin, Chanda Miles, and Michael Congiusta\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUncommon Conditions with Predilection for Canine Patients 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCraniomandibular Osteopathy (CMO) 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdiopathic Calvarial Hyperostosis 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriostitis Ossificans (PO) 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMalformed Roots\/Root Hypoplasia 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDens Invaginatus\/Dens in Dente 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUncommon Conditions Observed in both Canine and Feline Patients 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMasticatory Myositis 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulp Stones and Denticles 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOsteosclerosis 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRenal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnamel Pearls 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUncommon Conditions with Predilection for Feline Patients 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentition Abnormalities 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFused Roots 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupernumerary Roots 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupernumerary Teeth 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbnormal Eruption 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnerupted Teeth 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatellar Fracture and Dental Anomaly Syndrome (PADS) or Knees and Teeth Syndrome 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Diagnostic Imaging of Exotic Pet Mammals and Zoo Animals 265\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJune Olds\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDental Diagnostic Imaging for Nontraditional (Exotic) Animals 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Considerations for Exotic Companion Mammals 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestraint 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge of Normal Anatomy 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Positioning and Projection Recommendations 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard Radiography 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard Radiographic Positions 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraoral Radiographs 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraoral Films Used Extraorally 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnification Techniques 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomical Variations 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRabbits 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuinea Pigs and Chinchillas 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRats, Mice, Hamsters, Gerbils, and Other Commonly Kept Rodent Pets 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFerrets 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfrican Pygmy Hedgehogs 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSugar Gliders 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrairie Dogs (Cyomys ludovicianus) 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaptive Nondomestic or “Wild” Mammals 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNonhuman Primates 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarnivores 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographic Positioning and Techniques in Captive Animals 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnimal Training 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Dental Conditions in Zoologic Animals 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrauma 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttrition 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMacropod Progressive Periodontal Disease (MPPD) 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolar Progression 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvanced Diagnostic Imaging in Exotic Pet Mammals and Zoo Animals 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard Computed Tomography 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCone Beam Computed Tomography 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicro-computed Tomography 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsiderations for Computed Tomography 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Diagnostic Imaging and Interpretation of the Equine Patient 331\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoan Howard, Molly Rice, Kara Frerichs, and Beatrice Sponseller\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Equine Dental Radiographs 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiation Safety 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographic Systems 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect Digital Radiographic System (DR) 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputed Tomography 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard Radiographic System 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographic Technique 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuidelines for Radiographic Views 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcepts to Understand 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirecting the Primary Beam Through the Interproximal Spaces 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpen Mouth Oblique Cheek Teeth Projections 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographic Views 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral View 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDorsoventral View 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDorsal Ventral Oblique Projection of the Maxillary Cheek Teeth 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVentral Dorsal Oblique Projection of the Maxillary Cheek Teeth 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVentral Dorsal Oblique Projection of the Mandibular Cheek Teeth 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDorsal Ventral Oblique Projection of the Mandibular Cheek Teeth 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcclusal Intraoral View of the Maxillary Incisors and Canines 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcclusal Intraoral View of the Mandibular Incisors and Canines 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluation of an Image 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabial Mounting 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographic Anatomy 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographic Changes in Dental Disease 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApical Infections 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriodontal Disease 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSinusitis 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeoplasia 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Suggested Abnormalities to be Radiographed 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Advanced Imaging of the Oral Cavity 373\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eStephanie Goldschmidt\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to the Use of Advanced Imaging Techniques in the Maxillofacial Region 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnical Principles of MRI 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eT1- and T2-Weighted Sequences 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther MRI Sequences 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndications for Use of MRI over CT in the Maxillofacial Region 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemporomandibular Joint Disease (TMD) 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalivary Gland Disease 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbnormalities in the Muscles of Mastication and Inability to Open\/Close the Mouth 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions on the Clinical Indication for Use of MRI 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputed Tomography (CT) 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnical Principles of Multidetector CT (MDCT) Scanners 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnical Principles of Cone Beam CT (CBCT) Scanners 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViewing CT Images 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferences in Image Characteristics Between CBCT and MDCT 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpatial Resolution 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoft Tissue Imaging 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArtifacts 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Impactful Differences in Practical Use Between MDCT and CBCT 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndications for Use of Either MDCT or CBCT in the Maxillofacial Region 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaxillofacial Trauma 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBony Pathology 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOsteomyelitis\/Osteonecrosis 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFibro-Osseous Disease 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOsseous Neoplasia 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClefts 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndications for Multidetector CT only (not CBCT) in the Maxillofacial Region 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOral Neoplasia with a Soft Tissue Component 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoft Tissue Pathology 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndications for CBCT only (not MDCT) in the Maxillofacial Region 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentoalveolar Trauma 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriodontal Disease 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndodontic Disease 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth Resorption 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis and Treatment of Missing Teeth 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions on the Clinical Indication for Use of CBCT Versus MDCT 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 407\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBrenda L. Mulherin,\u003c\/b\u003e DVM, Diplomate AVDC, is a Clinical Professor with the Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine in Ames, Iowa, USA.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eComplete reference on using diagnostic imaging in veterinary dentistry and interpreting diagnostic images in dogs, cats, exotic pets, zoological animals, and horses\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eVeterinary Oral Diagnostic Imaging\u003c\/i\u003e offers veterinary clinicians a complete guide to using diagnostic imaging for common dentistry and oral surgery procedures in a veterinary practice. It provides guidance on positioning, techniques, and interpreting diagnostic images in the oral cavity, with more than 600 high-quality dental diagnostic images showing both normal anatomy and pathology for comparison. Focusing on dental radiography in dogs, cats, exotic pets, zoological animals, and horses, the book also includes advanced modalities such as MRI, CT, and cone beam CT. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eVeterinary Oral Diagnostic Imaging\u003c\/i\u003e covers: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHistory, physiology, and indications for diagnostic imaging of the oral cavity, with information on the history of diagnostic imaging and radiographic image creation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDigital dental radiographic positioning and image labeling, covering the parallel technique, bisecting angle, radiographic positioning errors, and labial mounting\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eInterpretation of anatomy, covering normal radiographic anatomy, dentition and tooth numbers, deciduous and permanent teeth of canine and feline patients, eruption patterns and common and uncommon radiographic pathology observed in these animals\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStandard imaging, radiographic anatomy, and interpretation of equine patients, as well as exotic pocket pets and zoological animals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eFocusing on the fundamentals of dental radiographic imaging, interpretation, and applications to the oral cavity, \u003ci\u003eVeterinary Oral Diagnostic Imaging\u003c\/i\u003e is an essential resource for any veterinarian providing dental services as part of their practice, along with veterinary students and interns.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990451503333,"sku":"NP9781119780502","price":149.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119780502.jpg?v=1761787884","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/veterinary-oral-diagnostic-imaging-isbn-9781119780502","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}