{"product_id":"the-semantic-predecessors-of-need-in-the-history-of-english-c750-1710-isbn-9781405192705","title":"The Semantic Predecessors of Need in the History of English (c750-1710)","description":"In the history of English at least five verbs have been found to mean ‘need’: þurfan, beþurfan, need, behove and mister. By adopting a corpus-based approach, this book studies all of them diachronically, from the origins of the language (c.750) to the end of the early Modern English period (1710).  \u003cul type=\"disc\"\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers a detailed analysis of the meaning of these five verbs which have been found to mean ‘need’, filling a gap in the literature on modality and shedding new light on grammaticalization theory\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSpans the period c.750 to 1710, adopting a corpus-based approach to study the verbs diachronically\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExplores the evolution of necessity meanings in English, identifying regular semantic changes and challenging some well-established statements\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides a detailed grammaticalization analysis, paying attention to the different Present-Day-English modal classes, including marginal and emerging modals\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e  Acknowledgements.  \u003cp\u003eForeword by Manfred Krug.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of tables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of figures.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of abbreviations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1. Preliminary considerations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2. Present-Day English \u003ci\u003eneed\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eneed\u003c\/i\u003e to.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1. Traditional approaches.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2. Modern considerations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3. Conclusion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3. A diachronic corpus.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4. Organization of chapters.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Theoretical Foundations.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1. Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2. Modality in English.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1. Types of modality: root and epistemic.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2. Semantic features of Present-Day English \u003ci\u003eneed\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eneed to.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3. Grammaticalization.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1. Processes and parameters of grammaticalization.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2. English Modals: a paradigmatic case of grammaticalization.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4. Impersonal verbs and constructions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1. Terminological issues.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2. Impersonal constructions: definition and structure.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3. Allen’s (1995) classification.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5. Summary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. \u003ci\u003eTharf and Betharf.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1. Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2. Preterite-presents and pre-modals: morphology, syntax and semantics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1. Morphology.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2. Syntax.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3. Semantics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3. Tharf and betharf diachronically.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1. Semantic implications of \u003ci\u003etharf\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003ebetharf\u003c\/i\u003e: the constraint of polarity.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.1. \u003ci\u003eTharf.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.1.1. Barriers.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.1.2. External forces.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.1.3. Internal forces.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.1.4. General forces.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.2. \u003ci\u003eBetharf.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2. Syntactic evidence for auxiliarihood: the importance of complementation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.1. \u003ci\u003eTharf.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.1.1. Types of theme selected by \u003ci\u003etharf.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.1.2. Experiencer verb constructions found with \u003ci\u003etharf.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.2. \u003ci\u003eBetharf.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4. Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. \u003ci\u003eBehove and Mister.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1. The evolution of \u003ci\u003ebehove.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1. Introduction: The myth of an impersonal verb (Allen 1997).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2. The rise and fall of a Germanic verb in English.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2.1. Semantic richness of a verb condemned to marginality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2.1.1. Old English: Preference for internal forces.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2.1.2. Middle English: Peak in semantic richness.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2.1.2.1. General forces in Middle English.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2.1.3. Early Modern English: specialization of general forces.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2.2. Syntactic evidence for a potential grammaticalization.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2. The ephemeral pass of \u003ci\u003emister\u003c\/i\u003e through the English language.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1. Semantics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2. Syntax.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3. Conclusion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Need in the History of English.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1. Introduction: \u003ci\u003eNeed\u003c\/i\u003e v.1 and \u003ci\u003eneed\u003c\/i\u003e v.2: one or two verbs?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2. Semantic evolution of \u003ci\u003eneed.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1. Physical forces.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2. Root forces.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.1. External forces.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.2. Internal forces.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.3. General forces.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3. Epistemic forces.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3. Syntactic evolution of \u003ci\u003eneed\u003c\/i\u003e v.1 and \u003ci\u003eneed\u003c\/i\u003e v.2.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1. \u003ci\u003eNeed\u003c\/i\u003e v.1.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.1. Active \u003ci\u003eneed\u003c\/i\u003e v.1.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.2. Passive \u003ci\u003eneed\u003c\/i\u003e v.1.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2. Need v.2.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1. Need v.2: experiencer verb without an experiencer.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2. Need v.2: experiencer verb with an experiencer.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2.1. Types of themes, experiencer, and experiencer verb construction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2.2. \u003ci\u003eNeed\u003c\/i\u003e v.2 in Type ‘Personal’ Constructions: evidence for auxiliarihood.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2.2.1. EModE auxiliaries.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2.2.2. \u003ci\u003eNeed\u003c\/i\u003e v.2 in the ‘Personal’ Type in early Modern English.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4. Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Conclusions.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendices.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Tables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eLucía Loureiro-Porto\u003c\/b\u003e teaches grammar and linguistic variation within the Department of Spanish, Modern Languages and Latin at the Universitat de les Illes Balears (Balearic Islands, Spain). She has previously held teaching and research positions at Reed College, Portland, and at the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Her main research interests are the study of grammaticalization processes in the history of English, English historical syntax and semantics, and sociolinguistic variation from both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective.  Necessity is a primary meaning which is expressed diversely in the languages of the world and whose evolution helps describe the human cognitive development. In the history of English at least five verbs have been found to mean ‘need’: þurfan, beþurfan, need, behove and mister. By adopting a corpus-based approach, this book studies all of them diachronically, from the origins of the language (c.750) to the end of the early Modern English period (1710).  \u003cp\u003eIn this work, Loureiro-Porto analyzes the corpus data from the double perspective of modality and grammaticalization. Her approach to modality follows cognitive models, and so necessity is understood in terms of forces; grammaticalization is the framework within which the level of auxiliarihood of each of the verbs meaning ‘need’ is measured throughout history. The results of this study will appeal to researchers in the areas of grammaticalization and modality from a diachronic point of view, and also to scholars and students interested in PDE modal auxiliaries.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990338879717,"sku":"NP9781405192705","price":43.75,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781405192705.jpg?v=1761787419","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/the-semantic-predecessors-of-need-in-the-history-of-english-c750-1710-isbn-9781405192705","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}