{"product_id":"the-human-lineage-isbn-9781119086703","title":"The Human Lineage","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe newly revised and thoroughly updated standard source for mastering the human fossil record.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis new edition of \u003ci\u003eThe Human Lineage\u003c\/i\u003e is the best and most current guide to the morphological, geological, paleontological, and archeological evidence for the story of human evolution. This comprehensive textbook presents the history, methods, and issues of paleoanthropology through detailed analyses of the major fossils of interest to practicing scientists in the field. It will help both advanced students and practicing professionals to become involved with the lively scholarly debates that mark the field of human-origins research. Its clear and engaging chapters contain concise explanatory text and hundreds of high-quality illustrations. This thoroughly revised second edition reflects the most recent fossil discoveries and scientific analyses, offering new sections on the locomotor adaptations of Miocene hominoids, the taxonomic distinctiveness of \u003ci\u003eHomo heidelbergensis\u003c\/i\u003e, the Burtele foot, \u003ci\u003eArdipithecus\u003c\/i\u003e, and Neandertal genomics. Updated and expanded chapters offer fresh insights on topics such as the origins of bipedality and the anatomy and evolution of early mammals and primates. Written and illustrated by established leaders in the field, \u003ci\u003eThe Human Lineage\u003c\/i\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides the background needed to study human evolution, including dating techniques, mechanics of evolution, and primate adaptations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers the major stages in human evolution with emphasis on important fossils and their implications\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers a balanced critical assessment of conflicting ideas about key events in human evolution\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes an extensive bibliography and appendices on biological nomenclature and craniometrics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovering the entire story of human evolution from its Precambrian beginnings to the emergence of modern humanity, \u003ci\u003eThe Human Lineage\u003c\/i\u003e is indispensable reading for all advanced students of biological anthropology.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xvi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Notes on Nomenclature xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The Fossil Record 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 The Discovery of the Deep Past 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanging Ideas About the Changing Earth 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeptune vs. Vulcan 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Brief Guide to Sedimentology 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDating the Rocks 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Succession of Faunas 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiation-Based Dating Techniques 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Dating Techniques 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDating Based on the Cycles of the Earth 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Problem of Orogeny 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinental Drift 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 A Brief History of Life 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife: The First Three Billion Years 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMulticellular Life 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cambrian Revolution 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJaws, Fins, and Feet 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Reptilian Revolutions 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Two Great Extinctions 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Mammals Take Over 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Analyzing Evolution 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Darwin and Evolution 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParsimony and Pigeons 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDarwin’s Theory 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImproving on Darwin 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The Origin of Species 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat, if Anything, is a Species? 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Speciation Process 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Tempo of Speciation 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSemispecies, Hybrids, and Isolating Mechanisms 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Species Concepts and Classification 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRaces, Semispecies, and Taxonomy 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Species Concepts 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMorphospecies and Chronospecies 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Microevolution and Macroevolution 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs Evolution Smooth or Jerky? 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Neo-Darwinian Synthesis 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Politics of Macroevolution 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Reconstructing the Tree of Life 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic Inference 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Error in Phylogenetics 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Taxonomy and Classification 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinnaean Systematics 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolutionary Systematics 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhenetics and Cladistics 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePros and Cons of Phylogenetic Systematics 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 People as Primates 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Primates as Mammals 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe First Mammals 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAllometry 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAllometry and Early Mammals 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeath and Molar Occlusion 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAllometry, Motherhood, and Milk 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRespiration and the Palate 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Tribosphenic Molar 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLive Birth and Placentation 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJurassic and Cretaceous Mammals 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 The Order Primates 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is a Primate? 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Living Strepsirrhines 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthropoid Apomorphies: Ears, Eyes, and Noses 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTarsiers 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlatyrrhines: The New World Anthropoids 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCercopithecoids: The Old World Monkeys 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHominoids: The Living Apes 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePongids and Hominids 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBonobos and Chimpanzees 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHumans vs. Apes: Skulls and Teeth 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 The Primate Fossil Record 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimate Origins: The Crown Group 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFossil Primates: The Stem Group 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAncestral Traits and Genetic Evidence 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe First Euprimates 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEocene “Lemurs” and “Tarsiers” 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe First Anthropoids 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthropoid Radiations 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiocene Catarrhines 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApe Origins 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCercopithecoids 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The Bipedal Ape 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 The Discovery of Australopithecus 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeing Human vs. Becoming Human 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Taung Child 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustralopithecus Grows Up 111\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Anatomy of Bipedality 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpright Posture and the Vertebral Column 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBipedality and the Pelvis 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBipedal Locomotion: Knees 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBipedal Locomotion: The Hip Joint 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBipedal Locomotion: Feet 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 More South African Finds 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustralopithecus Stands Up 127\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Skull of Australopithecus africanus 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustralopithecus robustus 129\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMan-Apes, Just Plain Apes, or Weird Apes? 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostcranial Peculiarities 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Louis Leakey and Olduvai Gorge 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Mio-Pliocene Enigmas 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSahelanthropus: The Oldest Hominin? 139\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eOrrorin 140\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eArdipithecus 141\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Burtele Foot 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 The Genus Australopithecus 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustralopithecus anamensis? 146\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustralopithecus afarensis? 148\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfarensis Skulls and Teeth 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustralopithecus bahrelghazali? 153\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustralopithecus deyiremeda? 153\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eKenyanthropus platyops? 154\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Australopithecus from South Africa 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustralopithecus prometheus? 155\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustralopithecus aethiopicus 156\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustralopithecus garhi 158\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustralopithecus sediba? 159\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustralopithecus boisei 160\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustralopithecus robustus: Postcranial Skeleton and Relationships 162\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Australopithecine Phylogeny 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlpha Taxonomy and Cladograms 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGetting Around Cladistics 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 The Australopithecine Postcranium 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDown from the Trees – How Far, How Fast? 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAustralopithecine Shoulders 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArms vs. Legs 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hominin Hand 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAustralopithecine Vertebrae 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHip and Femur 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Hominin Feet 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostcranial Diversity in Early Hominins 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Ecology and Behavior 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Facts Thus Far 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Did Australopithecines Eat? 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Hominin Environments 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Ecology 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Major Issues: Explaining Hominin Origins 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 The Migrating Ape 197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 The Spread of Hominins out of Africa 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The Emergence of the Genus Homo 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHomo habilis and the Habilines 198\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHabiline Dates and Stratigraphy in East Africa 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHabiline Skulls 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHabiline Teeth and Diets 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHabiline Postcranial Remains 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHabiline Taxonomy: The Frustrations of Variation 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBack to South Africa 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvanced Australopithecus or Early Homo? Phylogenetic Issues 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Material Culture 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Summary of the Habilines in Eight Questions 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Homo erectus 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn Introduction to Homo erectus 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Brief History of Homo erectus: 1889–1950 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLater Discoveries in Africa and Eurasia 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eErectine Chronology and Geographic Distribution 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsian Homo erectus: The Neurocranium 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCranial Capacity and the Brain in Asian Erectines 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsian Homo erectus: Faces and Mandibles 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Asian Erectine Dentition 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsian Erectine Postcranial Remains 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly African Erectine Skulls and the Ergaster Question 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly African Erectine Postcranial Morphology 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Erectine Adaptations: Anatomy and Physiology 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Erectine Adaptations: The Archaeological Evidence 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatterns of Development and Evolutionary Change in Erectines 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Erectine Radiations in Africa 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOut of Africa I: The First Migration into Eurasia 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDmanisi – The First Eurasians 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndonesian Erectines and the Specter of “Meganthropus” 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChinese Erectines 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Initial Occupation of Europe 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGran Dolina 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Peripheral Holdouts along the Continental Margins 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlores 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLuzon 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDushan 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRising Star 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Major Issues: Summing Up the Erectines 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The Big-Brained Ape: Middle Pleistocene Variants and Trends 279\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Homo “heidelbergensis” 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrossing the Rubicon? 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Archaic Homo sapiens” vs. “Homo heidelbergensis” 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrains and Tools in the Middle Pleistocene 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Models of Later Human Evolution 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanging Origin Narratives 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Piltdown Fraud 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRAO and MRE 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Regional Variants in Europe and Africa 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEuropean Heidelbergs 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePetralona 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBilzingsleben 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwanscombe 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSteinheim 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMauer 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoxgrove 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCeprano 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArago (Tautavel) and Lazaret 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSima de los Huesos 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther European Heidelbergs 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfrican Heidelbergs: Kabwe 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBodo and Ndutu 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfrican Heidelberg Mandibles 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther African Heidelbergs 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNorth Africans 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Asian Heidelbergs? 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMugharet El-Zuttiyeh 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther West Asian Candidates 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouth Asia 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEast Asia 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Australasia 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSambungmacan 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNgandong 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Supraorbital Tori, Chins, and Projecting Faces 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 The African Transition to Modern Humans 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground and Dating 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe African Transitional Group: Vault Morphology 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe African Transitional Group: Facial Morphology 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe African Transitional Group: Additional Bones, Archaeology, and Other Matters 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 East Asian Archaic Humans 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground and Context 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDali 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHarbin 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Chinese Finds 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEast Asian Archaics: Continuity or Someone New? 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Major Issues: Speciation, Migration, and Regional Differentiation 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Talking Apes: The Neandertals 333\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Changing Ideas about Neandertals 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Discoveries and Interpretations 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeandertals – From Boule to the Twenty-First Century 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Neandertal Chronology and Distribution 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 The Neandertal Skull 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeandertal Braincases 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeandertal Faces 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeandertal Mandibles 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeandertal Teeth 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrognathism 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 The Neandertal Body 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody Size and Proportions 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeck and Upper Limb 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower Vertebrae, Pelvis, and Lower Limb 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Neandertal Life History and Demography 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Genetics and Genomics 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Mitochondrial Genome 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Nuclear Genome 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenes, Dates, and Lineages 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDenisovans 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGhosts in the Genes 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Brains and Behavior 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeandertal Brains 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeandertal Technology 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymbolic Behavior 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeandertals and Language 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiets and Subsistence Behavior 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Neandertal Populations 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly European Neandertals 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKrapina 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Würm” Neandertals from Western Europe 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWestern and Central Asian Neandertals 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLate Neandertals 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Major Issues 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 The Symbolic Ape: The Origins of Modern Humans 411\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Symbolic Behavior 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSigns and Symbols 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA “Creative Explosion”? 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Modern Human Anatomy 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Modern Skull 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCranial Capacity 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Postcranial Skeleton 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The Fossil Record of Modern Human Origins 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeochronology 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Modern Humans: The East African Record 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOut of (East) Africa: Early Modern People in North and South Africa 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe First Modern People Outside Africa: The Near Eastern Evidence 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfrican and Circum-Mediterranean Gene Flow and Modern Human Origins 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModern Human Origins in East Asia 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe First Australians 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEurope: A Late Frontier 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Initial Upper Paleolithic 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Aurignacian and its Makers 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Gravettian 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Late Entry into Europe 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEurope: The Morphological Evidence for Continuity 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Genetics and Modern Human Origins 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenes, Populations, and Migrations 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Self-Domestication? 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAncient DNA in Early Modern Humans 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Modern Human Origins: The Models vs. the Data 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Recent African Origin Model 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiregional Evolution 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternative Views: The Assimilation Model 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssimilation and Interactions Between Modern and Archaic Humans 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix: Cranial Measurements 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMatt Cartmill\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor of Anthropology at Boston University and Professor Emeritus of Evolutionary Anthropology at Duke University. Dr Cartmill is a Guggenheim and AAAS Fellow, a former president of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists and recipient of their Charles Darwin Lifetime Achievement Award, a founding co-editor of the \u003ci\u003eInternational Journal of Primatology\u003c\/i\u003e, and the former editor-in-chief of the \u003ci\u003eAmerican Journal of Physical Anthropology\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFred H. Smith \u003c\/b\u003eis University Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Illinois State University and Adjunct Professor at the University of Colorado, Boulder. A past president of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists and an AAAS and Alexander von Humboldt Fellow, he has received awards for his work from the U.S., Ireland, Germany and Croatia. Dr. Smith has conducted research in Europe, West Asia, and Africa, and has taught internationally at the Universities of Hamburg, Tübingen and Zagreb.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe newly revised and thoroughly updated standard source for mastering the human fossil record.\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis new edition of \u003ci\u003eThe Human Lineage\u003c\/i\u003e is the best and most current guide to the morphological, geological, paleontological, and archeological evidence for the story of human evolution. This comprehensive textbook presents the history, methods, and issues of paleoanthropology through detailed analyses of the major fossils of interest to practicing scientists in the field. It will help both advanced students and practicing professionals to become involved with the lively scholarly debates that mark the field of human-origins research. Its clear and engaging chapters contain concise explanatory text and hundreds of high-quality illustrations. This thoroughly revised second edition reflects the most recent fossil discoveries and scientific analyses, offering new sections on the locomotor adaptations of Miocene hominoids, the taxonomic distinctiveness of \u003ci\u003eHomo heidelbergensis,\u003c\/i\u003e the Burtele foot, \u003ci\u003eArdipithecus,\u003c\/i\u003e and Neandertal genomics. Updated and expanded chapters offer fresh insights on topics such as the origins of bipedality and the anatomy and evolution of early mammals and primates. Written and illustrated by established leaders in the field, \u003ci\u003eThe Human Lineage\u003c\/i\u003e: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProvides the background needed to study human evolution, including dating techniques, mechanics of evolution, and primate adaptations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e Covers the major stages in human evolution with emphasis on important fossils and their implications\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers a balanced critical assessment of conflicting ideas about key events in human evolution\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e Includes an extensive bibliography and appendices on biological nomenclature and craniometrics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovering the entire story of human evolution from its Precambrian beginnings to the emergence of modern humanity, \u003ci\u003eThe Human Lineage \u003c\/i\u003eis indispensable reading for all advanced students of biological anthropology.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990260793573,"sku":"NP9781119086703","price":115.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119086703.jpg?v=1761787103","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/the-human-lineage-isbn-9781119086703","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}