{"product_id":"the-glass-universe-isbn-9780143111344","title":"The Glass Universe","description":"\u003cb\u003eFrom #1 \u003ci\u003eNew York Times\u003c\/i\u003e bestselling author Dava Sobel, t\u003cb\u003ehe \"inspiring\" (\u003ci\u003ePeople\u003c\/i\u003e), little-known true story of women's landmark contributions to astronomy\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eA \u003ci\u003eNew York Times Book Review\u003c\/i\u003e Notable Book\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eNamed one of the best books of the year by NPR, \u003ci\u003eThe\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eEconomist, Smithsonian, Nature,\u003c\/i\u003e and NPR's\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003ci\u003eScience Friday\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cb\u003eNominated for the PEN\/E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\"A joy to read.” —\u003ci\u003eThe Wall Street Journal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e In the mid-nineteenth century, the Harvard College Observatory began employing women as calculators, or “human computers,” to interpret the observations their male counterparts made via telescope each night. At the outset this group included the wives, sisters, and daughters of the resident astronomers, but soon the female corps included graduates of the new women's colleges—Vassar, Wellesley, and Smith. As photography transformed the practice of astronomy, the ladies turned from computation to studying the stars captured nightly on glass photographic plates. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe “glass universe” of half a million plates that Harvard amassed over the ensuing decades—through the generous support of Mrs. Anna Palmer Draper, the widow of a pioneer in stellar photography—enabled the women to make extraordinary discoveries that attracted worldwide acclaim. They helped discern what stars were made of, divided the stars into meaningful categories for further research, and found a way to measure distances across space by starlight. Their ranks included Williamina Fleming, a Scottish woman originally hired as a maid who went on to identify ten novae and more than three hundred variable stars; Annie Jump Cannon, who designed a stellar classification system that was adopted by astronomers the world over and is still in use; and Dr. Cecilia Helena Payne, who in 1956 became the first ever woman professor of astronomy at Harvard—and Harvard’s first female department chair. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eElegantly written and enriched by excerpts from letters, diaries, and memoirs, \u003ci\u003eThe Glass Universe\u003c\/i\u003e is the hidden history of the women whose contributions to the burgeoning field of astronomy forever changed our understanding of the stars and our place in the universe.\u003cb\u003eNamed one of the best books of the month by \u003ci\u003eFlavorwire, Bustle, Harper’s Bazaar, \u003ci\u003e\u003ci\u003eReal Simple, Refinery29,\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eMen’s Journal,\u003c\/i\u003e \u003c\/i\u003eBBC\u003ci\u003e, \u003c\/i\u003eand\u003ci\u003e The National Book Review\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“Ms. Sobel writes with an eye for a telling detail and an ear for an elegant turn of phrase. . . . [\u003ci\u003eThe Glass Universe\u003c\/i\u003e is] a joy to read.” —\u003ci\u003eThe Wall Street Journal\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“Sobel lucidly captures the intricate, interdependent constellation of people it took to unlock mysteries of the stars . . . \u003ci\u003eThe Glass Universe \u003c\/i\u003epositively glows.” —NPR\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“An elegant historical tale…[from] the master storyteller of astronomy.” –\u003ci\u003eThe Boston Globe\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Sobel mixes discussions of the most abstruse topics with telling glimpses of her subjects’ lives, in the process showing how scientific and social progress often go hand in hand.\" –\u003ci\u003eThe New Yorker\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"A peerless intellectual biography. \u003ci\u003eThe Glass Universe\u003c\/i\u003e shines and twinkles as brightly as the stars themselves. –\u003ci\u003eThe Economist\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“At once an exhaustive and detailed account of a breakthrough moment in the world of science, as well as a compelling portrait of pioneering women who contributed as much to the progress of female empowerment as they did to the global understanding of both astronomy and photography.” —\u003ci\u003eHarper’s Bazaar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\"[Sobel] traces a remarkable line in American female achievement…[and] captures the stalwart spirit of Pickering’s female finds.\" —\u003ci\u003eUSA Today\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e “Sobel has distinguished herself with lucid books about scientists and their discoveries . . . [She] vividly captures how her brilliant and ambitious protagonists charted the skies, and found personal fulfillment in triumphant discovery.” —\u003ci\u003eThe National Book Review\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e “A fascinating and inspiring tale of . . . female pioneers who have been shamefully overlooked.” —\u003ci\u003eReal Simple\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Sobel shines a light on seven 19th- and 20th-century women astronomers who began as 'human computers,' interpreting data at Harvard Observatory, then went on to dazzle...An inspiring look at celestial pioneers.\" —\u003ci\u003ePeople\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\"An astronomically large topic generously explored.\" —\u003ci\u003eO, \u003c\/i\u003eThe Oprah Magazine\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"It takes a talented writer to interweave professional achievement with personal insight. By the time I finished \u003ci\u003eThe Glass Universe\u003c\/i\u003e, Dava Sobel's wonderful, meticulous account, it had moved me to tears...Unforgettable.\" —Sue Nelson, \u003ci\u003eNature\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\"A compelling read and a welcome reminder that Ameri­can women have long desired to reach for the stars.” —\u003ci\u003eBookpage\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Sensitive, exacting, and lit with the wonder of discovery.\" —Elizabeth Kolbert, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of \u003ci\u003eThe Sixth Extinction\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"This is intellectual history at its finest. Dava Sobel is extraordinarily accomplished at uncovering the hidden stories of science.\" —Geraldine Brooks, \u003ci\u003eNew York Times\u003c\/i\u003e bestselling author of \u003ci\u003eThe Secret Chord \u003c\/i\u003eand Pulitzer Prize-winning author of \u003ci\u003eMarch\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“[Sobel] soars higher than ever before...[continuing] her streak of luminous science writing with this fascinating, witty, and most elegant history...\u003ci\u003eThe Glass Universe \u003c\/i\u003eis a feast for those eager to absorb forgotten stories of resolute American women who expanded human knowledge.\" —\u003ci\u003eBooklist, \u003c\/i\u003eStarred Review\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Sobel knows how to tell an engaging story...With grace, clarity, and a flair for characterization, [she] places these early women astronomers in the wider historical context of their field for the very first time.\" —\u003ci\u003ePublishers Weekly, \u003c\/i\u003eStarred Review\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePraise for \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Planets\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"[\u003ci\u003eThe Planets\u003c\/i\u003e] lets us fall in love with the heavens all over again.\" —\u003ci\u003eThe New York Times Book Review \u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"[Sobel] has outdone her extraordinary talent for keeping readers enthralled. . . . A splendid and enticing book.\" —\u003ci\u003eSan Francisco Chronicle\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"An incantatory serenade to the Solar System.\" —\u003ci\u003eEntertainment Weekly\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePraise for \u003ci\u003eGalileo's Daughter\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Sobel is a master storyteller. . . . She brings a great scientist to life.\" —\u003ci\u003eThe New York Times Book Review\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePraise for \u003ci\u003eLongitude\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"This is a gem of a book.\" —\u003ci\u003eThe New York Times\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"A simple tale, brilliantly told.\" —\u003ci\u003eThe Washington Post \u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePraise for \u003ci\u003eA More Perfect Heaven\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Ms. Sobel is an elegant stylist, a riveting and efficient storyteller, a writer who can bring the dustiest of subjects to full-blooded life.\" —\u003ci\u003eThe New York Times\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Lively, inventive . . . a masterly specimen of close-range cultural history.\"—\u003ci\u003eThe Wall Street Journal\u003c\/i\u003eDAVA SOBEL is the author of five books, including the \u003ci\u003eNew York Times\u003c\/i\u003e bestsellers \u003ci\u003eLongitude, Galileo’s Daughter,\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eThe Planets\u003c\/i\u003e, and \u003ci\u003eThe Glass Universe.\u003c\/i\u003e A former \u003ci\u003eNew York Times \u003c\/i\u003escience reporter and longtime contributor to \u003ci\u003eThe New Yorker\u003c\/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eAudubon\u003c\/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eDiscover\u003c\/i\u003e, and \u003ci\u003eHarvard Magazine,\u003c\/i\u003e she is the recipient of the National Science Board’s Individual Public Service Award and the Boston Museum of Science’s Bradford Washburn Award, among others.Miss Cannon had classified one hundred thousand stars when she set the work aside to spend the summer of 1913 in Europe with her sister, Mrs. Marshall. They planned to attend three major astronomy meetings on the continent, plus all the banquets, garden parties, excursions, and entertainments that such international congresses entailed. On her previous trip to Europe, with her friend and Wellesley classmate Sarah Potter in 1892, Miss Cannon had made the grand tour of popular tourist destinations, camera in hand. This time she would go as a respected astronomer and the only female officer in her professional organization. At the 1912 meeting of the Astronomical and Astrophysical Society of America, the members had voted to change their name to the American Astronomical Society and to make her their treasurer. Now she would seek out her foreign colleagues, many of whom she knew only by reputation or correspondence, in their native settings.\u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e “There are no women assistants,” Miss Cannon noted of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. Travel broadened her appreciation for the singularity of Harvard’s large female staff, although she easily befriended men wherever she went. At Greenwich, “Without the slightest feeling of being out of place, without the smallest tinge of embarrassment, I discussed absorbing work with one and another.” That evening the astronomer royal, Frank Dyson, called for Miss Cannon and Mrs. Marshall at their London hotel and escorted them to a soiree at Burlington House, the headquarters of the Royal Astronomical Society and four other scientific fraternities. “Never has it been my good fortune to have such a kindly greeting, such hearty good will, such wonderful feeling of equality in the great world of research as among these great Englishmen.” At the society’s meeting a few days later, she gave a formal presentation about her recent investigation into the spectra of gaseous nebulae.\u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e Mrs. Marshall understandably avoided the scientific sessions, at which Miss Cannon inured herself to being the sole woman in a roomful of as many as ninety men. In Germany, she reported, “Not a single German woman attended these Hamburg meetings” of the Astronomische Gesellschaft. “Once or twice, two or three would come in for a few minutes but I was generally the only woman to sit through a session. This was not so pleasant but at the recesses the men were so kind that nothing seemed to matter, and at the luncheon women appeared in great numbers.”\u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e In Bonn, where the Solar Union gathered from July 30 to August 5, the astronomers were treated to a flyby visit of a military zeppelin, a side trip to the Gothic cathedral at Cologne, a riverboat ride up the Rhine, and a gala night in the Bonn observatory that prompted the English-speaking delegates to sing “They Are Jolly Good Fellows” to Director Friedrich Küstner and his wife and daughters. “Luncheon and indeed all meals in Germany,” observed Canadian astrophysicist John Stanley Plaskett, “are a much more important and solemn function than with us and take at least twice the time.”\u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e Pickering, an elder statesman in this community, spoke at several banquets during the week. He shared impressions of his previous stays in Bonn, a city he had long regarded as the world capital of photometry. It was here that the legendary Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander assembled the Bonner Durchmusterung star catalogue and perfected the Argelander method of studying variables by comparing them to their steady neighbors. Argelander’s own small telescope, still mounted at the Bonn observatory, proved an object of veneration for the visiting astronomers.\u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e Only about half the members of Pickering’s Committee on Spectral Classification, first convened at Mount Wilson, had come to the Bonn meeting. Those present included Henry Norris Russell, Karl Schwarzschild, Herbert Hall Turner, and of course Küstner, of the local observatory. They met Thursday afternoon, July 31, to polish their report before Friday’s discussion and vote. The group had considered incorporating some symbols into the Draper classification that would account for the widths of spectral lines, but ultimately rejected the idea. Rather than retrofit the Draper system, they preferred to look forward and explore the possibility of an entirely new design for stellar taxonomy.\u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e On Friday morning Chairman Pickering read the committee’s recommendation to the full assembly at the Physical Institute. He proposed postponing “the permanent and universal adoption” of any system until the committee could formulate a suitable revision. In the interim, however, everyone should foster the well-known and widely praised Draper classification. Approval of the resolution was swift and unanimous. Ditto the subresolution regarding a refinement originally suggested by Ejnar Hertzsprung and already practiced by Miss Cannon. It consisted of a zero subscript for lone letters. Going forward, A0 would denote a star of purely A‑category attributes, showing no B tendencies whatever. The new A0 reduced plain A to a “rough” categorization.\u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e At the final session on August 5, the Solar Union dissolved its old committees and regrouped into new ones for the work to be done over the next three years, before they would all meet again in Rome. “When the names of committees were read,” wrote Miss Cannon, “I was very much surprised to find that I was put on the Committee on Classification of Stellar Spectra—and one of the novel experiences of the summer was to meet with this Committee. They sat at a long table, these men of many nations, and I was the only woman. Since I have done almost all the world’s work in this one branch, it was necessary for me to do most of the talking.”","brand":"Penguin Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46305173111013,"sku":"NP9780143111344","price":20.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780143111344.jpg?v=1767739557","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/the-glass-universe-isbn-9780143111344","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}