{"product_id":"the-essential-guide-to-user-interface-design-isbn-9780470053423","title":"The Essential Guide to User Interface Design","description":"Bringing together the results of more than 300 new design studies, an understanding of people, knowledge of hardware and software capabilities, and the author’s practical experience gained from 45 years of work with display-based systems, this book addresses interface and screen design from the user’s perspective. You will learn how to create an effective design methodology, design and organize screens and Web pages that encourage efficient comprehension and execution, and create screen icons and graphics that make displays easier and more comfortable to use. \u003cp\u003eAbout the Author v\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xxvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 1 The User Interface—An Introduction and Overview 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 The Importance of the User Interface 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefining the User Interface 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Importance of Good Design 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Benefits of Good Design 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Brief History of the Human-Computer Interface 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction of the Graphical User Interface 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Blossoming of the World Wide Web 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Brief History of Screen Design 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat’s Next? 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Characteristics of Graphical and Web User Interfaces 13\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteraction Styles 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommand Line 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMenu Selection 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForm Fill-in 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect Manipulation 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthropomorphic 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Graphical User Interface 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Popularity of Graphics 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Concept of Direct Manipulation 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraphical Systems: Advantages and Disadvantages 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of the Graphical User Interface 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Web User Interface 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Popularity of the Web 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of a Web Interface 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Merging of Graphical Business Systems and the Web 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of an Intranet versus the Internet 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtranets 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeb Page versus Application Design 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciples of User Interface Design 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciples for the Xerox STAR 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Principles 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart 1 Exercise 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat’s Next? 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 2 The User Interface Design Process 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObstacles and Pitfalls in the Development Path 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesigning for People: The Seven Commandments 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsability 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsability Assessment in the Design Process 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Usability Problems 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Practical Measures of Usability 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Objective Measures of Usability 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 1 Know Your User or Client 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnderstanding How People Interact with Computers 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Human Action Cycle 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy People Have Trouble with Computers 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponses to Poor Design 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople and Their Tasks 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportant Human Characteristics in Design 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerception 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMemory 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory Storage 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisual Acuity 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFoveal and Peripheral Vision 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation Processing 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMental Models 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMovement Control 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkill 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerformance Load 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndividual Differences 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Considerations in the Design of Business Systems 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe User’s Knowledge and Experience 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe User’s Tasks and Needs 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe User’s Psychological Characteristics 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe User’s Physical Characteristics 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Interaction Speeds 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerformance versus Preference 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods for Gaining an Understanding of Users 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 1 Exercise 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 2 Understand the Business Function 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBusiness Definition and Requirements Analysis 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation Collection Techniques 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefining the Domain 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsidering the Environment 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePossible Problems in Requirements Collection 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermining Basic Business Functions 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnderstanding the User’s Work 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeveloping Conceptual Models 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe User’s New Mental Model 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign Standards or Style Guides 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValue of Standards and Guidelines 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCustomized Style Guides 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign Support and Implementation 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystem Training and Documentation Needs 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraining 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDocumentation 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 2 Exercise 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 3 Understand the Principles of Good Interface and Screen Design 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Considerations in Interface and Screen Design 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to Discourage the User 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Users Want 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Users Do 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterface Design Goals 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Test for a Good Design 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreen and Web Page Meaning and Purpose 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganizing Elements Clearly and Meaningfully 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsistency 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStarting Point 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrdering of Data and Content 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNavigation and Flow 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisually Pleasing Composition 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistinctiveness 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFocus and Emphasis 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConveying Depth of Levels or a Three-Dimensional Appearance 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresenting Information Simply and Meaningfully 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication and Page Size 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication Screen Elements 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganization and Structure Guidelines 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Web — Web sites and Web Pages 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntranet Design Guidelines 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtranet Design Guidelines 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmall Screens 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeblogs 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical Graphics 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Statistical Graphics 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlow Charts 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnological Considerations in Interface Design 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraphical Systems 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeb Systems 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe User Technology Profile Circa 2006 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of Screens 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 1 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 2 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 3 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 4 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 5 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 6 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 7 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 3 Exercise 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 4 Develop System Menus and Navigation Schemes 307\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructures of Menus 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle Menus 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSequential Linear Menus 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimultaneous Menus 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHierarchical or Sequential Menus 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConnected Menus 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvent-Trapping Menus 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctions of Menus 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNavigation to a New Menu 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExecute an Action or Procedure 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisplaying Information 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData or Parameter Input 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContent of Menus 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMenu Context 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMenu Title 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoice Descriptions 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompletion Instructions 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormatting of Menus 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsistency 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisplay 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresentation 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganization 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplexity 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem Arrangement 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrdering 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroupings 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection Support Menus 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhrasing the Menu 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMenu Titles 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMenu Choice Descriptions 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMenu Instructions 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntent Indicators 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKeyboard Shortcuts 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelecting Menu Choices 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInitial Cursor Positioning 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoice Selection 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefaults 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnavailable Choices 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMark Toggles or Settings 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToggled Menu Items 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeb Site Navigation 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeb Site Navigation Problems 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeb Site Navigation Goals 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeb Site Navigation Design 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaintaining a Sense of Place 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKinds of Graphical Menus 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMenu Bar 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePull-Down Menu 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCascading Menus 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePop-Up Menus 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTear-Off Menus 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIconic Menus 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePie Menus 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraphical Menu Examples 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 1 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 5 Select the Proper Kinds of Windows 385\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindow Characteristics 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Attraction of Windows 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstraints in Window System Design 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponents of a Window 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrame 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTitle Bar 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTitle Bar Icon 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindow Sizing Buttons 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat’s This? Button 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMenu Bar 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatus Bar 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScroll Bars 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSplit Box 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToolbar 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommand Area 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSize Grip 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork Area 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindow Presentation Styles 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTiled Windows 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverlapping Windows 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCascading Windows 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePicking a Presentation Style 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Windows 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary Window 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary Windows 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDialog Boxes 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperty Sheets and Property Inspectors 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMessage Boxes 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePalette Windows 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePop-Up Windows 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganizing Window Functions 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindow Organization 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of Windows 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSizing Windows 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindow Placement 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Web and the Browser 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrowser Components 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 5 Exercise 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 6 Select the Proper Interaction Devices 423\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInput Devices 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of Input Devices 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Input Devices 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelecting the Proper Input Device 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutput Devices 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreens 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpeakers 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 6 Exercise 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 7 Choose the Proper Screen-Based Controls 443\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperable Controls 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eButtons 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eText Entry\/Read-Only Controls 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eText Boxes 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection Controls 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadio Buttons 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCheck Boxes 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePalettes 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList Boxes 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList View Controls 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrop-Down\/Pop-Up List Boxes 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombination Entry\/Selection Controls 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpin Boxes 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombo Boxes 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrop-Down\/Pop-Up Combo Boxes 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Operable Controls 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlider 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTabs 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDate-Picker 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTree View 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScroll Bars 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCustom Controls 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresentation Controls 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatic Text Fields 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup Boxes 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColumn Headings 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToolTips 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBalloon Tips 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProgress Indicators 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample Box 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScrolling Tickers 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelecting the Proper Controls 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntry versus Selection — A Comparison 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of GUI Controls 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl Selection Criteria 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing a Control Form 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 1 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 2 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 3 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 4 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 5 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 6 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 7 Exercise 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 8 Write Clear Text and Messages 563\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWords, Sentences, Messages, and Text 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadability 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing the Proper Words 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWriting Sentences and Messages 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKinds of Messages 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresenting and Writing Text 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindow Title, Conventions, and Sequence Control Guidance 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContent and Text for Web Pages 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWords 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePage Text 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePage Title 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeadings and Headlines 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstructions 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eError Messages 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 8 Exercise 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 9 Provide Effective Feedback and Guidance and Assistance 593\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProviding the Proper Feedback 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponse Time 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDealing with Time Delays 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlinking for Attention 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of Sound 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuidance and Assistance 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreventing Errors 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Management 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProviding Guidance and Assistance 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstructions or Prompting 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHelp Facility 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContextual Help 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTask-Oriented Help 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference Help 619\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWizards 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHints or Tips 622\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 9 Exercise 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 10 Provide Effective Internationalization and Accessibility 625\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternational Considerations 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocalization 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCultural Considerations 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWords and Text 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImages and Symbols 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor, Sequence, and Functionality 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRequirements Determination and Testing 635\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccessibility 635\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Disabilities 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccessibility Design 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 10 Exercise 650\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 11 Create Meaningful Graphics, Icons, and Images 651\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIcons 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKinds of Icons 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of Icons 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfluences on Icon Usability 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing Icons 657\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing Icon Images 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCreating Icon Images 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrawing Icon Images 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIcon Animation and Audition 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Icon Design Process 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreen Presentation 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultimedia 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraphics 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImages 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhotographs\/Pictures 676\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVideo 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagrams 678\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrawings 681\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnimation 681\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAudition 683\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombining Mediums 686\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 11 Exercise 689\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 12 Choose the Proper Colors 691\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor — What Is It? 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRGB 694\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHSV 694\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDithering 694\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor Uses 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor as a Formatting Aid 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor as a Visual Code 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Color Uses 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePossible Problems with Color 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh Attention-Getting Capacity 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterference with Use of Other Screens 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVarying Sensitivity of the Eye to Different Colors 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor-Viewing Deficiencies 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor Connotations 698\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCross-Disciplinary and Cross-Cultural Differences 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor — What the Research Shows 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor and Human Vision 701\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Lens 701\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Retina 701\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing Colors 702\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing Colors for Categories of Information 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColors in Context 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsage 704\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscrimination and Harmony 704\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmphasis 706\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Meanings 706\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocation 707\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrdering 708\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForegrounds and Backgrounds 708\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree-Dimensional Look 709\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor Palette, Defaults, and Customization 710\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrayscale 711\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eText in Color 712\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonochromatic Screens 712\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsistency 713\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsiderations for People with Color-Viewing Deficiencies 713\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCultural, Disciplinary, and Accessibility Considerations 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing Colors for Textual Graphic Screens 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffective Foreground\/Background Combinations 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoose the Background First 717\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaximum of Four Colors 717\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse Colors in Toolbars Sparingly 718\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTest the Colors 718\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing Colors for Statistical Graphics Screens 718\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmphasis 718\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of Colors 718\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackgrounds 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSize 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatus 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasurements and Area-Fill Patterns 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Impressions 720\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing Colors for Web Pages 721\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUses of Color to Avoid 723\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 12 Exercise 725\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 13 Organize and Layout Windows and Pages 727\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganizing and Laying Out Screens 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Guidelines 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganization Guidelines 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl Navigation 748\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindow Guidelines 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeb Page Guidelines 750\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreen Examples 761\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 1 761\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 2 762\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 14 Test, Test, and Retest 767\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsability 768\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Purpose of Usability Testing 768\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Importance of Usability Testing 769\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScope of Testing 770\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrototypes 771\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHand Sketches and Scenarios 772\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteractive Paper Prototypes 774\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProgrammed Facades 775\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrototype-Oriented Languages 776\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparisons of Prototypes 776\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKinds of Tests 777\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuidelines and Standards Review 779\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeuristic Evaluation 780\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Walk-Throughs 786\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThink-Aloud Evaluations 788\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsability Test 789\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassic Experiments 790\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFocus Groups 791\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing a Testing Method 792\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeveloping and Conducting a Test 795\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Test Plan 795\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTest Conduct and Data Collection 803\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalyze, Modify, and Retest 806\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluate the Working System 807\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Reading 809\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Final Word 810\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 811\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 835\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWILBERT O. GALITZ\u003c\/b\u003e is an internationally respected consultant, author, and instructor in human factors and user interface design. He has lectured and conducted seminars on these topics worldwide and is recognized as a top authority on screen design. Bill has been involved with information systems for 45 years and writing about interface design since 1981.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDoes design matter? Ask the CEO who has seen productivity grow\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen user interface design complements how people think and learn, accommodates their physical needs, and meets their expectations for comfort and convenience, the interaction of human and machine is more productive. Good design has quantifiable benefits.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book addresses interface and screen design from the user's perspective. It brings together the results of more than 300 new design studies, an understanding of people, knowledge of hardware and software capabilities, and the author's practical experience gained from 45 years of work with display-based systems. With expanded coverage of design guidelines for Web-based systems and mobile devices, it's a giant step toward more satisfied users. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhether you design GUI systems or Web pages, you can \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eUnderstand the many considerations involved in interface and screen design\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLearn the rationale and apply the rules for an effective design methodology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIdentify the components of graphical and Web interfaces and screens — windows, menus, and controls\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDesign and organize screens and Web pages that encourage efficient, accurate comprehension and execution\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCreate screen icons and graphics and choose screen colors that make displays easier and more comfortable to use\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePerform the user interface design process, including interface development and testing\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990220914917,"sku":"NP9780470053423","price":84.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470053423.jpg?v=1761786959","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/the-essential-guide-to-user-interface-design-isbn-9780470053423","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}