{"product_id":"sustainable-fishery-systems-isbn-9781119511793","title":"Sustainable Fishery Systems","description":"\u003cb\u003eSUSTAINABLE FISHERY SYSTEMS\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn up-to-date and interdisciplinary guide to sustainable fisheries\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFisheries, whether small-scale or large-scale, are filled with complexity and uncertainty. Making the right decisions to successfully manage fisheries for sustainability and resilience requires a systems approach — including both  natural and human elements, and their many interactions. To understand  fisheries, and how they change over time, a diverse range of fishery knowledge must be brought together. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSustainable Fishery Systems, 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c\/sup\u003e edition\u003c\/i\u003e meets these needs. The new edition provides essential information that can be readily applied within government, community, industrial, academic and research settings. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSustainable Fishery Systems, 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c\/sup\u003e edition\u003c\/i\u003e retains the first edition’s emphasis on themes such as sustainability, resilience, uncertainty, complexity, and conflict, and expands its treatment of topics that have, since the first edition’s publication, become crucial to consider in the field of fisheries. As a result, readers will find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUpdated and expanded coverage of topics including coastal conservation, ecosystem-based management, co-management, community-based management, and more\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNew chapters covering connections between fisheries and marine protected areas, biodiversity conservation, climate and fisheries, and multi-sectoral management\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA more detailed introduction to the “systems” perspective of fisheries, reflecting the substantial growth in that subject’s importance, and covering in detail the natural, human and governance aspects of fisheries.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSustainable Fishery Systems, 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c\/sup\u003e edition\u003c\/i\u003e is an indispensable interdisciplinary  resource for educators, researchers, government agencies, and fisheries managers. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface and Guide to the Book xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Fishery Systems 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introducing Fishery Systems 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Sustainability and Resilience 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Rationale for a Systems Approach 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Fishery Systems as Social-Ecological Systems 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Depicting Fishery Systems 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Fishing Effort 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Adding Dynamics 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Adding Complexity 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 The Fishery System 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Alternatives 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Characterising Fishery Systems 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Small-Scale Versus Large-Scale Fishery Systems 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Spatial Scale and Time Scale 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2.1 Spatial Scales 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2.2 Time Scales 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3 Other Approaches to Characterising Fishery Systems 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Complexity 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Next Steps 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The Natural System: The Fish 27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 What Is Caught in Fishery Systems? 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Fishes 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1.1 Inland (Freshwater) Fish 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1.2 Pelagic Marine Fish 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1.3 Demersal Marine Fish 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Shellfish 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Characteristics 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Spatial Distribution of Fished Resources 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Fish Dynamics 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Single-Species Dynamics 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Multi-Species Dynamics 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The Natural System: Fishery Ecosystems 48\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Ecosystems 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Aquatic\/Fishery Ecosystems 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 A Typology of Fishery Ecosystems 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Biodiversity 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 The Physical–Chemical Environment 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 The Winds 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Ocean Currents 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Upwellings 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Other Relatively Localised Phenomena 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Physical Features 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Dynamics of Fishery Ecosystems and the Biophysical Environment 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The Human System: Fishers and Fishworkers 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Fishers and Fishworkers 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 A Typology of Fishers 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Women in Fishing 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Fishworkers in the Post-Harvest Sector 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Fisher Organisations 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Fishing Methods 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 A Typology of Fishing Methods 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1.1 Seines\/Encircling Gear 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1.2 Trawls and Other Towed\/Dragged Gear 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1.3 Gill Nets and Entangling Nets: Drift and Static Gear 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1.4 Traps and Pots 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1.5 Lines 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1.6 Other Methods 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 The Choice of Fishing Method 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2.1 Biological 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2.2 Economic 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2.3 Social and Governance 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Fisher and Fleet Dynamics 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Dynamics of Fishing Effort 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Capital Dynamics and Fishing Capacity 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Technological Dynamics 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Fleet Dynamics 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 The Human System: Post-Harvest Aspects and Fishing Communities 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 The Post-Harvest Sector of the Fishery 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Processing 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Marketing and Markets 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2.1 Marketing 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2.2 Markets 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Distribution and Trade 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3.1 Distribution 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3.2 Trade 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4 Consumers 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4.1 Consumer Preferences 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4.2 Consumer Demand 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.5 Food Security 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Fishing Households and Communities 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Households 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Communities 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 The Socioeconomic Environment 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Links of Fishery Systems and Their Socioeconomic Environment 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Labour 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1 Labour Mobility 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2 Effects on the Fishery 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Post-Harvest and Fishing Community Dynamics 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Dynamics of Markets and Consumer Demand 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Dynamics of Communities and the Socioeconomic Environment 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II The Fishery Governance and Management System 115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Fishery Governance 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Rationale for Governance and Management 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Open Access 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 The Need for Management 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 The Need for Participatory Management 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Governance and Management 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Fishery Values and Objectives 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 A Portfolio of Fishery Objectives 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Objectives, Priorities, and Conflict 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Fishery Management Institutions 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Types and Roles of Institutions 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 The Choice of Institutions 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Examples of Institutions 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Governance of International Fisheries 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Legal Framework 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Legal Pluralism 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Dynamics of Fishery Governance 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Fishery Management 142\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Time Scales of Management 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Spatial Scales of Management 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 International Coordination 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Decentralisation\/Devolution 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Appropriate Fishing Effort and Catch Levels 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 The Yield-Effort Curve 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 The Gordon–Schaefer Graph 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Fishery Objectives Influence the Choice of Effort Levels 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Developing a Portfolio of Fishery Management Measures 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Implementation at the Operational Level 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Fishery Enforcement 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 A Survey of Fishery Management Measures 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Input (Effort) Controls 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1.1 Limited Entry 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1.2 Limiting the Capacity per Fisher or per Vessel 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1.3 Limiting the Intensity of Operation 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1.4 Limiting Time Fishing 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1.5 Limiting the Location of Fishing 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1.6 Challenges with Input Controls 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Output (Catch) Controls 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.1 Total Allowable Catch 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.2 Individual Quotas 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.3 Community Quotas 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.4 Escapement Controls 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.5 Challenges with Output Controls 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3 Technical Measures 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3.1 Gear Restrictions 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3.2 Size Limits 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3.3 Closed Areas 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3.4 Closed Seasons 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.4 Ecologically Based Management 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.4.1 Taxes and Royalties 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.5 Subsidies 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Dynamics of Fishery Management 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Fishery Development 174\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Rationale for Fishery Development 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Objectives of Fishery Development 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Strategic Choices in Fishery Development 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 New Fisheries 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Existing Fisheries 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Integrated Development 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Targeting Fishery Development 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Needs Assessment 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Positive Signs 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Other Considerations 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Options for Fishery Development 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Direct Support to Fishing Activities 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Institutional Enhancement 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Training and Human Resource Development 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Economics and Planning 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.5 Scientific, Assessment, Statistical, and Information Support 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.6 Fisheries Management and Monitoring\/Control\/Surveillance 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.7 Post-Harvest Support 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Participatory Fishery Development 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Fishery Knowledge 187\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 The Nature of Fishery Knowledge 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 The Knowledge of Indigenous Peoples, Fishers, and Communities 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Indigenous Knowledge 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Fisher Knowledge and Local Knowledge 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Connecting Fisher\/Local\/Indigenous Knowledge with Fishery Science\/ Research 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Knowledge Within Institutions 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Governments 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 International Agencies 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Universities 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Private Sector and Nongovernmental Organisations (NGOs) 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Fishery Knowledge: The Natural System 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Stock Assessment 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1.1 Stock Assessment Process 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1.2 Evolution of Stock Assessment: Single Species and Multi-Species 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Fishery Knowledge: The Human System 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 The Nature of Knowledge Production 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.1 Disciplinary Knowledge 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.2 Multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary, Transdisciplinary Approaches 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.2.1 Multidisciplinary 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.2.2 Interdisciplinary 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.2.3 Transdisciplinary 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.3 Pure (Basic) and Applied (Targeted) Knowledge 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 The Structure of Knowledge Production 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.1 Organized by Species 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.2 Organized by Function 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.3 Organized on a Geographical\/Ecosystem Basis 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Dynamics of Fishery Knowledge 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Three Major Challenges in Fishery Systems 215\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Uncertainty in Fishery Systems 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Sources of Uncertainty in Fishery Systems 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Sources in the Natural System 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Sources in the Human System 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 A Typology of Uncertainty 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Introduction: The Stock–Recruitment Relationship 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Randomness 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Uncertainties in Data and Parameters 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Structural Uncertainty 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Linking Uncertainty and Dynamics 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Conflict in Fishery Systems 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Conflict over Priorities: Fishery Paradigms 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 The Conservation Paradigm 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 The Rationalisation Paradigm 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 The Social\/Community Paradigm 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4 Fishery Paradigms in Practice: Efficiency and Allocation 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 A Typology of Fishery Conflicts 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Fishery Jurisdiction 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Management Mechanisms 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Internal Allocation 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 External Allocation Conflicts 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4.1 Domestic Versus Foreign Fisheries 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4.2 Fishers Versus Fish Farming (Aquaculture) 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4.3 The Fishery Versus Competing Industries 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Attitudes (The Story of a Fishery Collapse) 242\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 The Cod Collapse Experience 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 The Collapse 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 The Aftermath 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Understanding the Collapse 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.4 Recovery? 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.5 The Future 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Attitudes Underlying the Cod Collapse 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 The Role of the Regulator 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Blame for the Collapse 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 The Burden of Proof 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3.1 Stock Assessment 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3.2 Fishing Gear 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Conservation Can Wait 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.5 The Illusion of Certainty and the Fallacy of Controllability 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.6 Synthesis on Fishery Attitudes 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV Modern Strategies for Fishery Systems 259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Sustainability and Resilience 261\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Sustainability 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Resilience 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Components of Sustainability and Resilience 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Sustainability and Resilience of Institutions 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Institutional Sustainability 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Institutional Resilience 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.3 Institutional Effectiveness 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Sustainability and Resilience within the Fishery System 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Biodiversity 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 Fishing Fleets, Capacity, and Subsidies 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.3 Efficiency 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.4 Livelihood Diversity 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.4.1 Encourage Multi-Species Fisheries 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.4.2 Encourage Multiple Sources of Livelihood for Fishers 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.4.3 Diversify (Broaden the Base of) the Fishery-Dependent Economy 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.5 Post-Harvest and Fishing Communities 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.6 Fishery Objectives and Principles 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.7 Managing Conflict 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Assessing Sustainability and Resilience in Fishery Systems 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.1 Sustainability Indicators 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.2 Resilience Assessment and Indicators 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.3 Developing a Framework of Indicators 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Adaptive, Robust, and Precautionary Management 298\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Uncertainty and Risk 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Risk Assessment 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Risk Management: Analytical Approaches 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Adaptive Management and Robust Management 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Adaptive Management 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1.1 Flexibility 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1.2 Adaptive Management Concepts and Methods 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Structural Uncertainty and Robust Management 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Moving to Robust, Adaptive Management 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Avoiding the Illusion of Certainty 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 Avoiding the Fallacy of Controllability 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.3 Avoiding Lack of Robustness (Using a Management Portfolio) 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 The Precautionary Approach and the Burden of Proof 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.1 Approach Versus Principle 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.2 Implementing the Precautionary Approach 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.3 The Burden of Proof 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.4 Possible Applications of the Precautionary Approach and the Burden of Proof 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.4.1 The Stock–Recruitment Relationship 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.4.2 Over-Fishing Versus the Environment 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.4.3 Habitat Protection 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries 321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Rationale for an Ecosystem Approach 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 History of an Ecosystem Approach 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Scope of an Ecosystem Approach 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Implementing EAF 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.1 Principles 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.2 Entry Points 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.3 Resources for Implementation 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Implementing EAF: Human Dimensions 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.1 Components of Human Dimensions 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.1.1 Social 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.1.2 Cultural 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.1.3 Economic 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.1.4 Political 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.1.5 Legal and Institutional 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.2 Human Dimensions Across Scales 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Rights-Based Approaches to Fisheries Management 341\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 The Rationale for Fishery Rights 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Use Rights 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Management Rights 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Use Rights and Management Rights in Context 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Rights Versus Ownership 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 The Commons 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Human Rights 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Practicalities of Use Rights 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Forms of Use Rights 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.1 Customary Tenure\/Territorial Use Rights in Fishing (TURFs) 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.2 Limited Entry 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.3 Effort (Input) Rights 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.4 Catch (Output) Quotas 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.4.1 Individual Quotas and ITQs 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.4.2 Concerns with ITQs 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.4.3 Community Quotas 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.5 Community-Based Use Rights 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 Use Rights Issues: Initial Allocation 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.11 Use Rights Issues: Transferability 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.11.1 Efficiency 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.11.2 Social Cohesion 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.11.3 Concentration of Rights 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.12 Choosing a Use Rights System 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Co-management and Community-Based Management 382\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Fishery Co-management 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.1 Who Is Involved in Co-management? 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.2 Goals of Co-management 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.3 Forms of Co-management 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.3.1 Fisher–Government Co-management 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.3.2 Community-Based Co-management 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.3.3 Multi-Stakeholder Co-management 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.4 Levels of Co-management 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.5 Co-management and Components of Fishery Management 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.6 Discussion 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Community-Based Fishery Management 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 What Is Community-Based Fishery Management? 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 Rationale for Community-Based Fishery Management 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.3 What Is Involved in Community-Based Fishery Management? 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.4 Experiences with Community-Based Fishery Management 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.5 Community-Based Conservation 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.6 Community Science 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.7 Factors of Success in Community-Based Fishery Management 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart V Fisheries and the Bigger Picture 411\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Fisheries and Marine Protected Areas 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Fishery Closed Areas 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Nongovernmental (Informal) Protected Areas 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Marine Protected Areas and OECMs 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 International Agreements 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Types of MPAs and OECMs 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.1 No-Take MPAs 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.2 Zoned MPAs 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.3 Local\/Community MPAs 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.4 Large-Scale MPAs 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.5 MPA Networks 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Design of MPAs 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Fishery Benefits and Costs of MPAs and OECMs 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7.1 Examples of Possible Benefits of MPAs 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7.2 Examples of Possible Costs of MPAs 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Interactions of MPAs and OECMs with Fisheries 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.1 Objectives 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.2 Policy Linkages 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.3 Governance 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.4 Rights 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.5 Participation and Co-management 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.6 Community-Based Approaches 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.7 Knowledge 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.8 Livelihoods 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9 MPAs as a Fisheries Management Tool 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 437\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 A Brief History of Biodiversity Conservation in a Fishery Context 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Fisheries and Endangered Species 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.1 Bycatch 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.2 Turtles 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.3 Marine Mammals 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.3.1 Baleen Whales 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.3.2 Dolphins 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.3.3 Seals 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.4 Seahorses 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.1 The Fisheries ‘Stream’ and the Biodiversity Conservation ‘Stream’ 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.2 Tensions Between the Fisheries and Biodiversity Streams 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.3 Common Ground of Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Opportunities Across Scales for Linking Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.1 Global 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.2 Regional 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.3 National 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.4 Local 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Incentives and Opportunities 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 CBD and IPBES 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 456\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Fisheries, Competing Uses and the Need for Management of Multiple Sectors 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Integrated Management 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Marine Spatial Planning 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Ocean Zoning 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Blue Economy 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Some Common Features of Multi-Sectoral Approaches 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6.1 Rationale 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6.2 Institutional Framework 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6.3 Spatial Delimitation 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6.4 Scale 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.1 Benefits of Linking Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.1.1 Dealing with Externalities 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.1.2 Highlighting the Fishery Voice 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.1.3 Spatial Management 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.2 Concerns in Fisheries about Multi-Sectoral Management 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.2.1 Access and Power 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.2.2 Funding 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.2.3 Time Constraints 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.2.4 Dilution 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.2.5 Environmental Concerns 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.3 Linking Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.3.1 Objectives 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.3.2 Values 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.3.3 Boundaries 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.3.4 Spatial and Organisational Scale 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.3.5 Institutions 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.3.6 Human Angles and Participatory Approaches 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.3.7 Benefits and Costs 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.3.8 Knowledge 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Fisheries and Climate Change 481\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Impacts of Climate Change 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1.1 Physical, Chemical, and Biological Impacts of Climate Change 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1.2 Effects of Climate Change on Human Dimensions of the Fishery System 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1.3 Differential Impacts of Climate Change 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Responses to Climate Change: Mitigation and Adaptation 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Responses to Climate Change: Mitigation 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Responses to Climate Change: Adaptation 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.1 Types of Adaptation 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.2 Community-Based Adaptation 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.3 Differential Impacts and Benefits of Climate Adaptation 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.4 Adaptation of Fishery Management and Governance to Climate Change 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.5 Making Management and Governance more Adaptive, Flexible, and Robust 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart VI Conclusions 503\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Sustaining Fisheries into the Future 505\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 A Review of Fishery Systems 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 A Review of Fishery Sustainability and Resilience 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Making Fishery Governance and Management Effective 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.1 Institutions 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.2 Robust, Adaptive, and Precautionary Management 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.3 Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.4 Rights 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.5 Co-management 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.6 Community-Based Management 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 The Bigger Picture Around the Fishery System 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4.1 Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4.2 Fisheries, MPAs, and OECMs 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4.3 Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4.4 Fisheries and Climate Change 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 A Closing Note 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A Atlantic Canada’s Groundfish Fishery System 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B Models of Fishery Systems 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C Developing a Framework of Fishery Indicators 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 630\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnthony Charles, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is Director of the School of the Environment and Professor in the Sobey School of Business at Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Canada.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn up-to-date and interdisciplinary guide to sustainable fisheries\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFisheries, whether small-scale or large-scale, are filled with complexity and uncertainty. Making the right decisions to successfully manage fisheries for sustainability and resilience requires a systems approach — including both  natural and human elements, and their many interactions. To understand  fisheries, and how they change over time, a diverse range of fishery knowledge must be brought together. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSustainable Fishery Systems, 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c\/sup\u003e edition\u003c\/i\u003e meets these needs. The new edition provides essential information that can be readily applied within government, community, industrial, academic and research settings. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSustainable Fishery Systems, 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c\/sup\u003e edition\u003c\/i\u003e retains the first edition’s emphasis on themes such as sustainability, resilience, uncertainty, complexity, and conflict, and expands its treatment of topics that have, since the first edition’s publication, become crucial to consider in the field of fisheries. As a result, readers will find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUpdated and expanded coverage of topics including coastal conservation, ecosystem-based management, co-management, community-based management, and more\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNew chapters covering connections between fisheries and marine protected areas, biodiversity conservation, climate and fisheries, and multi-sectoral management\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA more detailed introduction to the “systems” perspective of fisheries, reflecting the substantial growth in that subject’s importance, and covering in detail the natural, human and governance aspects of fisheries.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSustainable Fishery Systems, 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c\/sup\u003e edition\u003c\/i\u003e is an indispensable interdisciplinary  resource for educators, researchers, government agencies, and fisheries managers.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990117368037,"sku":"NP9781119511793","price":200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119511793.jpg?v=1761786579","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/sustainable-fishery-systems-isbn-9781119511793","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}