{"product_id":"richard-ii-isbn-9780553213034","title":"Richard II","description":"This moving and eloquent historical drama depicts the conflict between a willful and arrogant poet of a king, Richard II, and his politically pragmatic cousin, Bolingbroke. Rich with memorable scenes and speeches, this lyrical history moves from a splendid medieval tournament to the poignant surrender of a crown; from the queen’s heart-shattering farewell to her king to Richard’s murder—a deed “chronicled in hell” that lives forever as one of the great moments in theater.William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in April 1564, and his birth is traditionally celebrated on April 23.  The facts of his life, known from surviving documents, are sparse.  He was one of eight children born to John Shakespeare, a merchant of some standing in his community.  William probably went to the King’s New School in Stratford, but he had no university education.  In November 1582, at the age of eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway, eight years his senior, who was pregnant with their first child, Susanna.  She was born on May 26, 1583.  Twins, a boy, Hamnet ( who would die at age eleven), and a girl, Judith, were born in 1585.  By 1592 Shakespeare had gone to London working as an actor and already known as a playwright.  A rival dramatist, Robert Greene, referred to him as “an upstart crow, beautified with our feathers.”  Shakespeare became a principal shareholder and playwright of the successful acting troupe, the Lord  Chamberlain’s Men (later under James I, called the King’s Men).  In 1599 the Lord Chamberlain’s Men built and occupied the Globe Theater in Southwark near the Thames River.  Here many of Shakespeare’s plays were performed by the most famous actors of his time, including Richard Burbage, Will Kempe, and Robert Armin.  In addition to his 37 plays, Shakespeare had a hand in others, including \u003ci\u003eSir Thomas More\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eThe Two Noble Kinsmen\u003c\/i\u003e, and he wrote poems, including \u003ci\u003eVenus and Adonis\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eThe Rape of Lucrece\u003c\/i\u003e. His 154 sonnets were published, probably without his authorization, in 1609.  In 1611 or 1612 he gave up his lodgings in London and devoted more and more time to retirement in Stratford, though he continued writing such plays as \u003cb\u003eThe Tempest\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003eHenry VII\u003c\/b\u003e until about 1613.  He died on April 23 1616, and was buried in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford.  No collected edition of his plays was published during his life-time, but in 1623 two members of his acting company, John Heminges and Henry Condell, put together the great collection now called the First Folio.[1.1] A Enter King Richard, John of Gaunt, with other  nobles and attendants.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e king richard\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Old John of Gaunt, time-honored Lancaster,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Hast thou according  to thy oath and bond\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Brought hither Henry Hereford, thy bold son,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Here  to make good the boist’rous late appeal,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Which then our leisure would not let  us hear,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Against the Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e gaunt  I have, my  liege.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e king richard\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Tell me, moreover, hast thou sounded him\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e If he  appeal the Duke on ancient malice,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Or worthily, as a good subject should,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e On some known ground of treachery in him?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e gaunt\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e As near as I could sift  him on that argument,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e On some apparent danger seen in him\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Aimed at Your  Highness, no inveterate malice.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e king richard\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Then call them to our presence.[Exit  an attendant.]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Face to face,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And frowning brow to brow, ourselves will  hear\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The accuser and the accusèd freely speak.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e High-stomached are they  both, and full of ire;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e In rage, deaf as the sea, hasty as fire.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Enter Bolingbroke  and Mowbray.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 22Each . . . happiness May each day improve on the happiness  of other  past days\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 23hap fortune\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 26you come for which you come\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 28what  . . . object what accusation do you bring\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 30record witness\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 32Tend’ring  watching over, holding dear\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 34appellant as the accuser\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 38answer answer  for\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 39miscreant irreligious villain\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 40good i.e., noble, high-born\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 41crystal clear. (The image alludes to the crystal spheres in which,  according to  the Ptolemaic conception of the universe, the heavenly bodies  were fixed.)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 43aggravate the note emphasize the stigma, i.e., the charge of treason\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 45so  please if it please\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 46right-drawn justly drawn\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 47accuse my zeal cast doubt  on my zeal or loyalty.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 48woman’s war i.e., war of words\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 49eager sharp,  biting\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e bolingbroke\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Many years of happy days befall\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e My gracious sovereign,  my most loving liege!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e mowbray\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Each day still better others’ happiness,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Until the heavens, envying earth’s good hap,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Add an immortal title to your  crown!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e king richard\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e We thank you both. Yet one but flatters us,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e As  well appeareth by the cause you come:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Namely, to appeal each other of high treason.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Cousin of Hereford, what dost thou object\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Against the Duke of Norfolk,  Thomas Mowbray?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e bolingbroke\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e First—heaven be the record to my speech!—\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e In the devotion of a subject’s love,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Tend’ring the precious safety of my  prince,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And free from other misbegotten hate,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Come I appellant to this  princely presence.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Now, Thomas Mowbray, do I turn to thee;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And mark my  greeting well, for what I speak\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e My body shall make good upon this earth\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Or my divine soul answer it in heaven.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Thou art a traitor and a miscreant,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Too good to be so and too bad to live,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Since the more fair and crystal  is the sky,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The uglier seem the clouds that in it fly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Once more, the more  to aggravate the note,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e With a foul traitor’s name stuff I thy throat,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And  wish, so please my sovereign, ere I move,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e What my tongue speaks my right-drawn  sword may prove.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e mowbray\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Let not my cold words here accuse my zeal.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e ’Tis not the trial of a woman’s war,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The bitter clamor of two eager tongues,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 50Can that can\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 56post ride at high speed (like a messenger riding relays  of horses)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 58Setting . . . royalty Disregarding Bolingbroke’s royal blood (as   grandson of Edward III)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 59let him be suppose him to be\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 63tied obliged\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 65inhabitable uninhabitable\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 69gage a pledge to combat (usually a glove  or gauntlet, i.e., a mailed  or armored glove)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 70Disclaiming relinquishing.   kindred kinship\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 72except exempt, set aside.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 74pawn i.e., the gage\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 77or . . . devise or anything worse you can imagine to have been said  about you.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Can arbitrate this cause betwixt us twain;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The blood is hot that must  be cooled for this.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Yet can I not of such tame patience boast\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e As to be  hushed and naught at all to say.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e First, the fair reverence of Your Highness  curbs me\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e From giving reins and spurs to my free speech,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Which else would  post until it had returned\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e These terms of treason doubled down his throat.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Setting aside his high blood’s royalty,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And let him be no kinsman to my  liege,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e I do defy him, and I spit at him,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Call him a slanderous coward and  a villain;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Which to maintain I would allow him odds\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And meet him, were  I tied to run afoot\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Even to the frozen ridges of the Alps\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Or any other  ground inhabitable\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Wherever Englishman durst set his foot.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Meantime, let  this defend my loyalty:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e By all my hopes, most falsely doth he lie.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e bolingbroke  [throwing down his gage]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Pale trembling coward, there I throw my gage,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Disclaiming here the kindred of the King,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And lay aside my high blood’s royalty,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Which fear, not reverence, makes thee to except.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e If guilty dread have left  thee so much strength\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e As to take up mine honor’s pawn, then stoop.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e By that,  and all the rites of knighthood else,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Will I make good against thee, arm to  arm,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e What I have spoke or thou canst worse devise.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e mowbray [taking up the  gage]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e I take it up; and by that sword I swear\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Which gently laid my knighthood  on my shoulder,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e I’ll answer thee in any fair degree\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Or chivalrous design  of knightly trial;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 82light alight, dismount\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 85inherit us put me in possession  of, make me have\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 87Look what Whatever\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 88nobles gold coins worth six shillings  eight pence\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 89lendings advances on pay\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 90lewd vile, base\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 93Or either\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 95these eighteen years i.e., ever since the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 96Complotted  plotted in a conspiracy\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 97Fetch derive.  head and spring (Synonymous words meaning  “origin.”)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 100Duke of Gloucester’s death (Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester,   a younger son of Edward III and brother of John of Gaunt, was murdered at  Calais  in September 1397, while in Mowbray’s custody.)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 101Suggest . . . adversaries  did prompt Gloucester’s   easily persuaded enemies (to believe him guilty of   treason)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 102consequently afterward\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 103Sluiced out let flow (as by the opening of  a sluice, or valve)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 104Abel’s (For the story of Cain’s murder of his brother  Abel, the first  such murder on earth and the archetype of the killing of a kinsman,  see  Genesis 4:3–12.)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 105tongueless resonant but without articulate speech;  echoing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 109pitch highest reach of a falcon’s flight\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And when I mount,  alive may I not light\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e If I be traitor or unjustly fight!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e king richard\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e What doth our cousin lay to Mowbray’s charge?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e It must be great that can  inherit us\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e So much as of a thought of ill in him.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e bolingbroke\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Look  what I speak, my life shall prove it true:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e That Mowbray hath received eight  thousand nobles\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e In name of lendings for Your Highness’ soldiers,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The which  he hath detained for lewd employments,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Like a false traitor and injurious villain.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Besides I say, and will in battle prove\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Or here or elsewhere to the furthest  verge\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e That ever was surveyed by English eye,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e That all the treasons for  these eighteen years\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Complotted and contrivèd in this land\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Fetch from false  Mowbray their first head and  spring.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Further I say, and further will maintain\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Upon his bad life to make all this good,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e That he did plot the Duke of Gloucester’ s death,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Suggest his soon-believing adversaries,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And consequently, like  a traitor coward,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Sluiced out his innocent soul through streams of  blood—\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Which blood, like sacrificing Abel’s, cries\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Even from the tongueless caverns  of the earth\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e To me for justice and rough chastisement.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And, by the glorious  worth of my descent,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e This arm shall do it or this life be spent.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e king richard\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e How high a pitch his resolution soars!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Thomas of Norfolk, what say’st thou  to this?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 113this slander . . . blood this disgrace to the royal   family\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 118my scepter’s awe the reverence due my scepter\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 120nothing not at all.   partialize make partial, bias\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 126receipt money received\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 129For that because\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 130Upon . . . account for the balance of a heavy debt\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 131Since . . . queen  (Mowbray went in 1395 to France to negotiate the  King’s marriage to Isabella, daughter  of the French King Charles VI, but  Richard himself escorted her to England.)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 132–4  For . . . case (Mowbray speaks guardedly but seems to imply that he  postponed  the execution of Gloucester that he was ordered by Richard to  carry out.)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 132For  As for\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 140exactly (1) explicitly (2) fully\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 142appealed of which I am charged\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e mowbray\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Oh, let my sovereign turn away his face\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And bid his ears  a little while be deaf,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Till I have told this slander of his blood\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e How  God and good men hate so foul a liar!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e king richard\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Mowbray, impartial are  our eyes and ears.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Were he my brother, nay, my kingdom’s heir,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e As he is  but my father’s brother’s son,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Now, by my scepter’s awe I make a vow,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Such  neighbor nearness to our sacred blood\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Should nothing privilege him nor partialize\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The unstooping firmness of my upright soul.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e He is our subject, Mowbray;  so art thou.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Free speech and fearless I to thee allow.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e mowbray\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Then,  Bolingbroke, as low as to thy heart\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Through the false passage of thy throat  thou liest!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Three parts of that receipt I had for Calais\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Disbursed I duly  to His Highness’ soldiers;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The other part reserved I by consent,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e For that  my sovereign liege was in my debt\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Upon remainder of a dear account\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Since  last I went to France to fetch his queen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Now swallow down that lie. For Gloucester’ s death,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e I slew him not, but to my own disgrace\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Neglected my sworn duty  in that case.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e [To Gaunt] For you, my noble lord of Lancaster,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The honorable  father to my foe,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Once did I lay an ambush for your life,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e A trespass that  doth vex my grievèd soul;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e But ere I last received the Sacrament\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e I did confess  it, and exactly begged\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Your Grace’s pardon, and I hope I had it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e This is  my fault. As for the rest appealed,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 144recreant cowardly; or, coward (used as  a noun)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 145Which which charge.  in myself in my own person\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 146interchangeably  in exchange, reciprocally\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 147overweening arrogant, proud\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 149Even in by  shedding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 150In haste whereof To hasten which proof of my innocence\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 153Let’ s . . . blood let’s treat this wrath (caused by an excess of bile  or choler) by  purging (vomiting or evacuation) rather than by medical  bloodletting. (With a play  on “bloodshed in combat.”)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 156conclude come to a final agreement\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 157no  month to bleed (Learned authorities often differed as to which  months or seasons  were best for medicinal bloodletting.)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 164boot help for it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 165Myself I  throw i.e., I throw myself, instead of my gage\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 168Despite . . . grave that will  live in the epitaph on my grave in  spite of devouring Death\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e It issues from  the rancor of a villain,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e A recreant and most degenerate traitor,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Which  in myself I boldly will defend,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And interchangeably hurl down my gage\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Upon  this overweening traitor’s foot,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e To prove myself a loyal gentleman\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Even  in the best blood chambered in his bosom.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e [He throws down his gage. Bolingbroke  picks it up.]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e In haste whereof most heartily I pray\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Your Highness to assign  our trial day.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e king richard\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Wrath-kindled gentlemen, be ruled by me;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Let’s purge this choler without letting blood.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e This we prescribe, though  no physician;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Deep malice makes too deep incision.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Forget, forgive; conclude  and be agreed;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Our doctors say this is no month to bleed.—\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Good uncle,  let this end where it begun;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e We’ll calm the Duke of Norfolk, you your son.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e gaunt\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e To be a make-peace shall become my age.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Throw down, my son, the  Duke of Norfolk’s gage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e king richard\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And Norfolk, throw down his.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e gauntWhen, Harry, when?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Obedience bids I should not bid again.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e king richard\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Norfolk, throw down, we bid; there is no boot.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e mowbray [kneeling]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Myself I throw, dread sovereign, at thy foot.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e My life thou shalt command, but  not my shame.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The one my duty owes; but my fair name,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Despite of death  that lives upon my grave,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e To dark dishonor’s use thou shalt not have.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 170impeached  accused.  baffled publicly dishonored\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 173Which . . . poison of him who uttered  this slander.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 174Lions . . . tame (The royal arms showed a lion rampant; Mowbray’ s  emblem was a leopard.)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 175spots (1) leopard spots (2) stains of dishonor.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 177mortal times our earthly lives\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 182in one inseparably\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 184try put  to the test\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 186throw . . . gage i.e., surrender your gage up to me, thereby  ending  the quarrel. (Richard is probably seated on a raised throne, as in scene   3.)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 189impeach my height discredit my high rank\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 190out-dared dared down,  cowed.  dastard coward.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 191feeble wrong dishonorable submission\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 192sound  . . . parle trumpet so shameful a negotiation, i.e., consent to  ask a truce\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 192–5  my teeth . . . face my teeth will bite off my tongue as a craven  instrument  of cowardly capitulation and spit it out bleeding, to its (the  tongue’s) great disgrace,  into Mowbray’s face, where shame abides  perpetually.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 195.1  Exit Gaunt (A stage  direction from the Folio, adopted by most  editors so that Gaunt will not be required  to exit at the end of scene 1  and then immediately reenter.)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e I am disgraced,  impeached, and baffled here,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Pierced to the soul with slander’s venomed spear,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The which no balm can cure but his heart-blood\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Which breathed this poison.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e king richardRage must be withstood.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Give me his gage. Lions make leopards  tame.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e mowbray\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Yea, but not change his spots. Take but my shame,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And  I resign my gage. My dear dear lord,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The purest treasure mortal times afford\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Is spotless reputation; that away,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Men are but gilded loam or painted clay.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e A jewel in a ten-times-barred-up chest\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Is a bold spirit in a loyal breast.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Mine honor is my life; both grow in one;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Take honor from me, and my life  is done.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Then, dear my liege, mine honor let me try;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e In that I live, and  for that will I die.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e king richard [to Bolingbroke]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Cousin, throw up your  gage; do you begin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e bolingbroke\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Oh, God defend my soul from such deep sin!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Shall I seem crestfallen in my father’s sight?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Or with pale beggar-fear  impeach my height\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Before this out-dared dastard? Ere my tongue\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Shall wound  my honor with such feeble wrong,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Or sound so base a parle, my teeth shall tear\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The slavish motive of recanting fear\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e And spit it bleeding in his high disgrace,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Where shame doth harbor, even in Mowbray’s face.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e [Exit Gaunt.]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e king  richard\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e We were not born to sue but to command;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Which since we cannot do  to make you friends,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Be ready, as your lives shall answer it,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 199Saint  Lambert’s day September 17.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 202atone reconcile\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 203design . . . chivalry  designate who is the true chivalric victor.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 205home alarms domestic conflicts.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 1.2Location: John of Gaunt’s house (? No place is specified, and the  scene  is not in Holinshed.)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 1the part . . . blood my kinship with Thomas of Woodstock,  the Duke of  Gloucester (i.e., as his older brother)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 2exclaims exclamations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 3stir take action\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 4those hands i.e., Richard’s (whom Gaunt charges with  responsibility for  Gloucester’s death)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 11Edward’s Edward III’s\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 21envy’ s malice’s\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e At Coventry upon Saint Lambert’s day.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e There shall your swords  and lances arbitrate\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The swelling difference of your settled hate.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Since  we cannot atone you, we shall see\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Justice design the victor’s chivalry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Lord Marshal, command our officers at arms\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Be ready to direct these home alarms.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Exeunt.","brand":"Bantam Classics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46304402768101,"sku":"NP9780553213034","price":6.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780553213034.jpg?v=1767735734","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/richard-ii-isbn-9780553213034","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}