Restraining Power

Challenges dominant paradigms in international relations and reclaims an intellectual tradition essential for our time.

For centuries, thinkers grappled with a fundamental question: how can sovereign states coexist without destroying each other? Restraining Power recovers a forgotten tradition that offered an answer—the "law of nature and nations" built on reciprocity, justice, and good faith. David C. Hendrickson excavates this vital framework for restraining state violence and shows why it matters now more than ever.

All states, Hendrickson argues, have an interest in observing these principles, but few states have violated them more than the United States. He shows that in crossing these principles, US foreign policy has entered a destabilizing shadow world in which force and fraud seem normal.PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
A NOTE ON THE BIBLIOGRAPHY


I. The War Problem
1. The Duty of Peace
2. The Goals of States
3. Cold Monsters
4. A Pattern in Miniature


II.Facts and Values
5. Three Ways of Knowing
6. Parsimony and Prediction as False Gods
7. A Different Map


III. Rival Approaches
8. The American Science of International Politics
9. International Society and the English School


IV.The Law of Nature on a New Foundation
10. Grotius Breaks the Ice
11. The Significance of Hobbes
12. Samuel Pufendorf is the Man
13. Vattel: The Law of Nature Applied to Nations
14. The Rise and Fall of Legal Positivism
15. The UN Charter and the Law of Nature
16. The Preeminent Theory of International Relations


V.Classical Realism and Classical Idealism
17. Reason of State
18. Diplomacy and Duplicity
19. Thucydides and the War of the Peloponnese
20. Hard and Soft Realism
21. The Classical Idealists


VI.The American Realists
22. The Enigma of Hans J. Morgenthau
23. The Realists and US Foreign Policy
24. The Clash of Civilizations


VII.Four Doctrines in Liberalism
25. Two Directions for the Law of Nature
26. The Rise of the Market
27. Natural Right and the African Slave Trade
28. Institutional Liberalism and the American Founding
29. The Use and Abuse of Democratic Peace Theory
30. A Balance Sheet


VIII.Contemporary IR Theory and the Washington Policy Debate
31. Lebow and the Ancients
32. Republican Security Theory
33. Nonzerosumness and Restraint
34. Hegemonic Discourses
35. States and Nations
36. Mugged by Reality: IR Theory and American Militarism
37. Hawks and Doves


IX.Varieties of Revolutionism
38. Neoconservatism: The United States as a Revolutionary Power
39. Radical Enlightenment
40. Rival Theories of Intervention
41. Marxism and the Class Struggle
42. Hard and Soft Revolutionism
43. Edmund Burke and the Constitutional Tradition


X.The Law of Nature in the 21st Century
44. What the Law of Nature Is
45. The United States and the Law of Nature
46. In Defense of Pluralism
47. Cognitive Empathy
48. Lasting Relevance


SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEXDavid C. Hendrickson is emeritus professor of Political Science at Colorado College and the author of nine books, most recently Republic in Peril: American Empire and the Liberal Tradition. A distinguished scholar and commentator on international relations and US foreign policy, he has written for Foreign Affairs, the National Interest, the American Conservative and the Quincy Institute’s Responsible Statecraft. He served as President of the John Quincy Adams Society in 2022-23.