{"product_id":"reliability-engineering-isbn-9781118140673","title":"Reliability Engineering","description":"\u003cb\u003eAn Integrated Approach to Product Development\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eReliability Engineering\u003c\/i\u003e presents an integrated approach to the design, engineering, and management of reliability activities throughout the life cycle of a product, including concept, research and development, design, manufacturing, assembly, sales, and service. Containing illustrative guides that include worked problems, numerical examples, homework problems, a solutions manual, and class-tested materials, it demonstrates to product development and manufacturing professionals how to distribute key reliability practices throughout an organization.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors explain how to integrate reliability methods and techniques in the Six Sigma process and Design for Six Sigma (DFSS). They also discuss relationships between warranty and reliability, as well as legal and liability issues. Other topics covered include:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eReliability engineering in the 21\u003csup\u003est\u003c\/sup\u003e Century\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProbability life distributions for reliability analysis\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProcess control and process capability\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFailure modes, mechanisms, and effects analysis\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eHealth monitoring and prognostics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eReliability tests and reliability estimation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eReliability Engineering\u003c\/i\u003e provides a comprehensive list of references on the topics covered in each chapter. It is an invaluable resource for those interested in gaining fundamental knowledge of the practical aspects of reliability in design, manufacturing, and testing. In addition, it is useful for implementation and management of reliability programs.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Reliability Engineering in the Twenty-First Century 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 What Is Quality? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 What Is Reliability? 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 The Ability to Perform as Intended 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 For a Specified Time 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Life-Cycle Conditions 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Reliability as a Relative Measure 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and System Effectiveness 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Performance, Quality, and Reliability 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Reliability and the System Life Cycle 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Consequences of Failure 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Financial Loss 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 Breach of Public Trust 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.3 Legal Liability 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.4 Intangible Losses 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Suppliers and Customers 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Summary 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Reliability Concepts 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Basic Reliability Concepts 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Concept of Probability Density Function 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Hazard Rate 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Motivation and Development of Hazard Rate 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Some Properties of the Hazard Function 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Conditional Reliability 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Percentiles Product Life 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Moments of Time to Failure 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Moments about Origin and about the Mean 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Expected Life or Mean Time to Failure 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Variance or the Second Moment about the Mean 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Coefficient of Skewness 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5 Coefficient of Kurtosis 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Summary 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Probability and Life Distributions for Reliability Analysis 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Discrete Distributions 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Binomial Distribution 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Poisson Distribution 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Other Discrete Distributions 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Continuous Distributions 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Weibull Distribution 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Exponential Distribution 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Estimation of Reliability for Exponential Distribution 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 The Normal (Gaussian) Distribution 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 The Lognormal Distribution 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 Gamma Distribution75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Probability Plots 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Summary 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Design for Six Sigma 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 What Is Six Sigma? 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Why Six Sigma? 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 How Is Six Sigma Implemented? 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Steps in the Six Sigma Process 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Summary of the Six Sigma Steps 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Optimization Problems in the Six Sigma Process 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 System Transfer Function 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Variance Transmission Equation 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Economic Optimization and Quality Improvement 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Tolerance Design Problem 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Design for Six Sigma 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Identify (I) 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Characterize (C) 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Optimize (O) 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Verify (V) 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Summary 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Product Development 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Product Requirements and Constraints 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Product Life Cycle Conditions 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Reliability Capability 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Parts and Materials Selection 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Human Factors and Reliability 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Deductive versus Inductive Methods 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Fault Tree Analysis 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.1 Role of FTA in Decision-Making 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.2 Steps of Fault Tree Analysis 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.3 Basic Paradigms for the Construction of Fault Trees 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.4 Definition of the Top Event 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.5 Faults versus Failures 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.6 Minimal Cut Sets 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Physics of Failure 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1 Stress Margins 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.2 Model Analysis of Failure Mechanisms 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.3 Derating 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.4 Protective Architectures 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.5 Redundancy 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.6 Prognostics 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Design Review 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Qualification 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 Manufacture and Assembly 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12.1 Manufacturability 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12.2 Process Verification Testing 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13 Analysis, Product Failure, and Root Causes 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14 Summary 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Product Requirements and Constraints 141\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Defining Requirements 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Responsibilities of the Supply Chain 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Multiple-Customer Products 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Single-Customer Products 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Custom Products 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 The Requirements Document 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Specifications 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Requirements Tracking 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Summary 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Life-Cycle Conditions 149\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Defining the Life-Cycle Profile 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Life-Cycle Events 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Manufacturing and Assembly 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Testing and Screening 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Storage 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Transportation 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.5 Installation 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.6 Operation 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.7 Maintenance 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Loads and Their Effects 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Temperature 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Humidity 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Vibration and Shock 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Solar Radiation 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Electromagnetic Radiation 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.6 Pressure 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.7 Chemicals 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.8 Sand and Dust 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.9 Voltage 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.10 Current 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.11 Human Factors 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Considerations and Recommendations for LCP Development 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Extreme Specifications-Based Design (Global and Local Environments) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Standards-Based Profiles 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Combined Load Conditions 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Change in Magnitude and Rate of Change of Magnitude 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Methods for Estimating Life-Cycle Loads 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Market Studies and Standards Based Profiles as Sources of Data 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 In Situ Monitoring of Load Conditions 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Field Trial Records, Service Records, and Failure Records 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 Data on Load Histories of Similar Parts, Assemblies, or Products 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Summary 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Reliability Capability 169\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Capability Maturity Models 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Key Reliability Practices 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Reliability Requirements and Planning 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Training and Development 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Reliability Analysis 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Reliability Testing 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.5 Supply-Chain Management 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.6 Failure Data Tracking and Analysis 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.7 Verification and Validation 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.8 Reliability Improvement 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Summary 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Parts Selection and Management 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Part Assessment Process 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Performance Assessment 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Quality Assessment 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Process Capability Index 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.4 Average Outgoing Quality 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.5 Reliability Assessment 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.6 Assembly Assessment 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Parts Management 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Supply Chain Management 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Part Change Management 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Industry Change Control Policies 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Risk Management 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Summary 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Failure Modes, Mechanisms, and Effects Analysis 193\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Development of FMMEA 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Failure Modes, Mechanisms, and Effects Analysis 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 System Definition, Elements, and Functions 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Potential Failure Modes 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Potential Failure Causes 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Potential Failure Mechanisms 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 Failure Models 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 Life-Cycle Profile 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.7 Failure Mechanism Prioritization 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.8 Documentation 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Case Study 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Summary 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Probabilistic Design for Reliability and the Factor of Safety 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Design for Reliability 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Design of a Tension Element 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Reliability Models for Probabilistic Design 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Example of Probabilistic Design and Design for a Reliability Target 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Relationship between Reliability, Factor of Safety, and Variability 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Functions of Random Variables 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Steps for Probabilistic Design 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Summary 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Derating and Uprating 223\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Part Ratings 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Recommended Operating Conditions 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Factors Used to Determine Ratings 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Derating 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 How Is Derating Practiced? 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Limitations of the Derating Methodology 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 How to Determine These Limits 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Uprating 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Parts Selection and Management Process 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Assessment for Uprateability 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Methods of Uprating 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Continued Assurance 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Summary 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Reliability Estimation Techniques 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Tests during the Product Life Cycle 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.1 Concept Design and Prototype 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.2 Performance Validation to Design Specification 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.3 Design Maturity Validation 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.4 Design and Manufacturing Process Validation 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.5 Preproduction Low Volume Manufacturing 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.6 High Volume Production 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.7 Feedback from Field Data 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Reliability Estimation 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Product Qualification and Testing 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Input to PoF Qualification Methodology 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Accelerated Stress Test Planning and Development 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Specimen Characterization 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Accelerated Life Tests 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.5 Virtual Testing 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.6 Virtual Qualification 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.7 Output 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Case Study: System-in-Package Drop Test Qualification 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Step 1: Accelerated Test Planning and Development 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Step 2: Specimen Characterization 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Step 3: Accelerated Life Testing 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.4 Step 4: Virtual Testing 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.5 Global FEA 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.6 Strain Distributions Due to Modal Contributions 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.7 Acceleration Curves 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.8 Local FEA 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.9 Step 5: Virtual Qualification 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.10 PoF Acceleration Curves 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.11 Summary of the Methodology for Qualification 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Basic Statistical Concepts 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Confidence Interval 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Interpretation of the Confidence Level 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.3 Relationship between Confidence Interval and Sample Size 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Confidence Interval for Normal Distribution 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Unknown Mean with a Known Variance for Normal Distribution 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 Unknown Mean with an Unknown Variance for Normal Distribution 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.3 Differences in Two Population Means with Variances Known 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Confidence Intervals for Proportions 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Reliability Estimation and Confidence Limits for Success–Failure Testing 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8.1 Success Testing 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Reliability Estimation and Confidence Limits for Exponential Distribution 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Summary 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Process Control and Process Capability 295\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Process Control System 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.1 Control Charts: Recognizing Sources of Variation 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2 Sources of Variation 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.3 Use of Control Charts for Problem Identification 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Control Charts 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Control Charts for Variables 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 \u003ci\u003eX\u003c\/i\u003e-Bar and \u003ci\u003eR \u003c\/i\u003eCharts 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Moving Range Chart Example 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 \u003ci\u003eX\u003c\/i\u003e-Bar and \u003ci\u003eS \u003c\/i\u003eCharts 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5 Control Charts for Attributes 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.6 \u003ci\u003ep \u003c\/i\u003eChart and \u003ci\u003enp \u003c\/i\u003eChart 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.7 \u003ci\u003enp \u003c\/i\u003eChart Example 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.8 \u003ci\u003ec \u003c\/i\u003eChart and \u003ci\u003eu \u003c\/i\u003eChart 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.9 \u003ci\u003ec \u003c\/i\u003eChart Example 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Benefits of Control Charts 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Average Outgoing Quality 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Process Capability Studies 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Advanced Control Charts 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Cumulative Sum Control Charts 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Charts 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.3 Other Advanced Control Charts 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Summary 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Product Screening and Burn-In Strategies 331\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Burn-In Data Observations 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Discussion of Burn-In Data 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Higher Field Reliability without Screening 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Best Practices 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Summary 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Analyzing Product Failures and Root Causes 339\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Root-Cause Analysis Processes 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.1 Preplanning 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.2 Collecting Data for Analysis and Assessing Immediate Causes 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.3 Root-Cause Hypothesization 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.4 Analysis and Interpretation of Evidence 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.5 Root-Cause Identification and Corrective Actions 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.6 Assessment of Corrective Actions 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 No-Fault-Found 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 An Approach to Assess NFF 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Common Mode Failure 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.3 Concept of Common Mode Failure 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.4 Modeling and Analysis for Dependencies for Reliability Analysis 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.5 Common Mode Failure Root Causes 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.6 Common Mode Failure Analysis 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.7 Common Mode Failure Occurrence and Impact Reduction 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Summary 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 System Reliability Modeling 375\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Reliability Block Diagram 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Series System 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Products with Redundancy 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Active Redundancy 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.2 Standby Systems 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.3 Standby Systems with Imperfect Switching 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.4 Shared Load Parallel Models 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.5 (\u003ci\u003ek, n\u003c\/i\u003e) Systems 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.6 Limits of Redundancy 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Complex System Reliability 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.1 Complete Enumeration Method 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.2 Conditional Probability Method 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.3 Concept of Coherent Structures 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Summary 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Health Monitoring and Prognostics 409\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Conceptual Model for Prognostics 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Reliability and Prognostics 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 PHM for Electronics 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 PHM Concepts and Methods 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1 Fuses and Canaries 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Monitoring and Reasoning of Failure Precursors 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.1 Monitoring Environmental and Usage Profiles for Damage Modeling 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Implementation of PHM in a System of Systems 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Summary 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Warranty Analysis 433\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Product Warranties 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Warranty Return Information 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Warranty Policies 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Warranty and Reliability 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Warranty Cost Analysis 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.1 Elements of Warranty Cost Models 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.2 Failure Distributions 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.3 Cost Modeling Calculation 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.4 Modeling Assumptions and Notation 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.5 Cost Models Examples 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.6 Information Needs 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.7 Other Cost Models 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Warranty and Reliability Management 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Summary 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A: Some Useful Integrals 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B: Table for Gamma Function 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C: Table for Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix D: Values for the Percentage Points \u003ci\u003et\u003csub\u003eα\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003csub\u003e,ν\u003c\/sub\u003e \u003c\/i\u003eof the \u003ci\u003et\u003c\/i\u003e-Distribution 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix E: Percentage Points \u003ci\u003eχ\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003ci\u003eα\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003csub\u003e,ν\u003c\/sub\u003e \u003c\/i\u003eof the Chi-Square Distribution 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix F: Percentage Points for the \u003ci\u003eF\u003c\/i\u003e-Distribution 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKAILASH C. KAPUR, P\u003csmall\u003eH\u003c\/small\u003eD,\u003c\/b\u003e is a Professor of Industrial \u0026amp; Systems Engineering at the University of Washington, where he was also the Director from 1993 to 1999. Dr. Kapur has worked with General Motors Research Laboratories as a senior research engineer, Ford Motor Company as a visiting scholar, and the U.S. Army, Tank-Automotive Command as a reliability engineer. He is a Fellow of ASQ and IIE, and a registered professional engineer.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMICHAEL G. PECHT, P\u003csmall\u003eH\u003c\/small\u003eD,\u003c\/b\u003e is the founder of CALCE (Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering) at the University of Maryland, which is funded by over 150 of the world’s leading electronics companies. He is also a Chair Professor in Mechanical Engineering and a Professor in Applied Mathematics at the University of Maryland. He consults for twenty-two major international electronics companies.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn Integrated Approach to Product Development\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eReliability Engineering\u003c\/i\u003e presents an integrated approach to the design, engineering, and management of reliability activities throughout the life cycle of a product, including concept, research and development, design, manufacturing, assembly, sales, and service. Containing illustrative guides that include worked problems, numerical examples, homework problems, a solutions manual, and class-tested materials, it demonstrates to product development and manufacturing professionals how to distribute key reliability practices throughout an organization.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors explain how to integrate reliability methods and techniques in the Six Sigma process and Design for Six Sigma (DFSS). They also discuss relationships between warranty and reliability, as well as legal and liability issues. Other topics covered include:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eReliability engineering in the 21\u003csup\u003est\u003c\/sup\u003e Century\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProbability life distributions for reliability analysis\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProcess control and process capability\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFailure modes, mechanisms, and effects analysis\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eHealth monitoring and prognostics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eReliability tests and reliability estimation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eReliability Engineering\u003c\/i\u003e provides a comprehensive list of references on the topics covered in each chapter. It is an invaluable resource for those interested in gaining fundamental knowledge of the practical aspects of reliability in design, manufacturing, and testing. In addition, it is useful for implementation and management of reliability programs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989938094309,"sku":"NP9781118140673","price":156.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118140673.jpg?v=1761785966","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/reliability-engineering-isbn-9781118140673","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}