{"product_id":"recognizing-and-correcting-developing-malocclusions-isbn-9781119912545","title":"Recognizing and Correcting Developing Malocclusions","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eComprehensive reference providing an evidence-based approach to the early treatment, recognition, and correction of developing malocclusions\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eRecognizing and Correcting Developing Malocclusions, Second Edition\u003c\/i\u003e provides an evidence-based approach to early treatment of developing malocclusions, presenting treatment protocols for mixed-dentition patients with various malocclusions and other orthodontic problems. Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions are covered extensively, along with eruptive deviations and different malocclusions. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe literature is comprehensively reviewed to ensure that the reader thoroughly understands the development, phenotypic characteristics, and etiology of each type of malocclusion. Taking a problem-oriented approach, the authors provide detailed information for each case, develop comprehensive problem lists, and then present evidence-based treatment solutions. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis newly revised and updated Second Edition contains comprehensive updates to all chapters and sections, including dental trauma and its consequences and sleep apnea in children. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContaining figures, tables, patient pictures, and 3D rendered illustrations throughout to elucidate key concepts, \u003ci\u003eRecognizing and Correcting Developing Malocclusions, Second Edition\u003c\/i\u003e explores topics including: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssessing the degree of severity of a developing malocclusion and recognizing and correcting intra-arch deviations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenetics of dental occlusions and malocclusions and mixed dentition orthodontic mechanics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrategies for managing missing second premolar teeth in young patients and principles and techniques of premolar autotransplantation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbnormal eruption, function, and aesthetics, congenitally missing teeth, autotransplantation, and habits\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConstruction of a diagnosis, treatment plan, and estimation of prognosis based on available diagnostic records produced by both old and new technologies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractical in approach but grounded in the literature, \u003ci\u003eRecognizing and Correcting Developing Malocclusions, Second Edition\u003c\/i\u003e is equally useful as a patient-side guide for clinicians and as a detailed reference for orthodontic and pediatric specialists and residents. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 A guide for timing orthodontic treatment 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEustáquio A. Araújo, DDS, MDS and Bernardo Q. Souki, DDS, MSD, PhD\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Occlusal deviations with indications for interceptive orthodontic treatment 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Ideal timing for early treatment 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Psychological aspects 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Severity of the malocclusion 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Effectiveness and efficiency concepts 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Maturational stage of development 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Development of the occlusion: what to do and when to do it 9\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBernardo Q. Souki, DDS, MSD, PhD\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Stage 1—eruption of deciduous teeth 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Biogenesis of the deciduous dentition 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Dimensional changes of the dental arches at stage 1 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Management of occlusal development at stage 1 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Stage 2—completion of the deciduous dentition 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Dimensional changes in the dental arches at stage 2 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Management of occlusion development at stage 2 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Stage 3—eruption of first permanent molars 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Management of occlusion development at this stage 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Stage 4—eruption of permanent incisors 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Dimensional changes in the dental arches at this stage 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Management of occlusal development at this stage 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Stage 5—eruption of mandibular canines and first premolars 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Management of occlusal development at this stage 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Stage 6—eruption of second premolars 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Management of occlusal development at this stage 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Stage 7—eruption of maxillary canines and second molars 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Management of occlusal development at this stage 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Conclusions 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Mixed dentition diagnosis: assessing the degree of severity of a developing malocclusion 27\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEustáquio A. Araújo, DDS, MDS\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Assessing treatment need, complexity, and outcome 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Summers’ Occlusal Index 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.5 Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON) 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.6 The American Board of Orthodontics complexity index and outcome assessment 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Assessing interceptive treatment outcome 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Class I 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Class II 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Class III 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The genetics of the dental occlusion and malocclusion 35\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRobyn Silberstein, DDS, PhD and Mary MacDougall, PhD\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Personalized medicine 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Clinical examination 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Principles of dysmorphology: variable expressivity and etiologic heterogeneity 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Chromosomal abnormalities 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Single gene defects 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Multifactorial inheritance 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Genetics of nonsyndromic malocclusion 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Altered tooth number 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Altered tooth structure 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Altered eruption 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Radiographic deviations associated with genetic conditions 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Conclusion 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Class I: Recognizing and correcting intraarch deviations 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.1 Section I: The development and etiology of a Class I malocclusion 51\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePeter H. Buschang, MA, PhD\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Prevalence of Class I malocclusion and changes in arch form 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Class I malocclusion and the dental compensatory mechanism 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 What is anterior mandibular malalignment is related to? 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Predisposing factors 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Eruption problems associated with space loss 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Contact displacements associated with relapse and tooth movements 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.2 Section II: Intercepting developing Class I problems 67\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEustáquio A. Araújo, DDS, MDS\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Tooth size arch length discrepancy (TSALD) 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 The assessment of crowding in the mixed dentition 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Zero to minor TSALD 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Small to moderate TSALD 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.1 Taking advantage of the transitional dentition 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Gaining spaces in the dental arches 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.1 The importance of the leeway space\/E space 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.2 Etiology of maxillary transverse deficiency 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.3 Maxillary expansion and headgear 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.4 Gaining space in the mandibular arch 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.5 Arch dimensions changes 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.6 Arch length and mandibular molar\/MP 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.7 Arch length and mandibular incisors\/MP 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.8 Transverse changes 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.9 Incisor irregularity changes 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.10 The Schwarz appliance 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.11 Two-by-four fixed therapy 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 Severe TSALD: fundamentals of serial extraction 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.5 Indications and contraindications for serial extraction (SE) 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.5.1 Additional important fundamentals in serial extraction 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.5.2 Sequence and timing of extractions 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.5.3 Alternative extraction sequences 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Recognizing and correcting Class II malocclusions 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.1 Section I: The development, phenotypic characteristics, and etiology of Class II malocclusion 107\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePeter H. Buschang, MA, PhD\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Prevalence 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Characterization of the Class II, division 2 phenotype 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Characterization of the Class II division 1 phenotype 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Hyperdivergent vs. hypodivergent Class II division 1 malocclusion 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Developmental changes of Class IIs 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Class II developmental changes 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Etiology 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.2 Section II: Class II treatment: problems and solutions 131\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEustáquio A. Araújo, DDS, MDS\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Early Class II adjustment 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Treatment 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Recognizing and correcting Class III malocclusions 161\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.1 Section I: The development, phenotypic characteristics, and etiology of Class III malocclusion 161\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePeter H. Buschang, MA, PhD\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Characterization of the Class III phenotype 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Class III development 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Etiology 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.2 Section II: Class III treatment: problems and solutions 179\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEustáquio A. Araújo, DDS, MDS\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Diagnosis 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Facial diagnosis 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Cephalometric diagnosis 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Dental diagnosis 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 Functional diagnosis 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.5 Hereditary diagnosis 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Communication 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Early intervention 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Orthopedic maxillary expansion 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Face mask and\/or chincup orthopedics 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1 The face mask 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2 The chincup 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Leeway space control 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Orthodontic mechanics 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Finishing 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 Retention 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14 Growth reevaluation 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Special topics 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.1 Section I: Habit control: the role of function in open-bite treatment 225\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eIldeu Andrade, Jr., DDS, MS, PhD and Eustáquio A. Araújo, DDS, MDS\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Nutritive vs. nonnutritive sucking habits 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Tongue physiology 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Tongue thrusting and forward resting posture of the tongue 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Breaking the habit 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 How and when should a clinician intervene? 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 The Araújo approach 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Treatment 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.2 Section II: Eruption deviations 239\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBernardo Q. Souki, DDS, MSD, PhD and Eustáquio A. Araújo, DDS, MDS\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Eruption deviations 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Eruption deviation and PIOM: what are the most frequent eruption disturbances in each stage of dental development? 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Stage 2 – Completion of deciduous dentition 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Stage 3 – Eruption of the first permanent molars 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.3 Stage 4 – Eruption of the permanent incisors 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.4 Stage 5 – Eruption of the mandibular canines and the first premolars 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.5 Stage 6 – Eruption of the second premolars 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.6 Stage 7 – Eruption of maxillary canines and second molars 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.3 Section III: Strategies for managing missing second premolar teeth in the young patient 255\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid B. Kennedy, BDS, LDS (RCSEng), MSD, FRCD(C)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 General concepts 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Longevity of the second deciduous molar, resorption, and infraocclusion 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.1 Resorption 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.2 Infraocclusion 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 The alveolar ridge in extracted deciduous molars 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Overall dental health and cost 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 Case histories 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13 Summary 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.4 Section IV: Principles and techniques of premolar autotransplantation 273\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEwa M. Czochrowska, DDS, PhD and Paweł Plakwicz, DDS, PhD\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14 Class II malocclusion with congenitally missing lower second premolars 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.15 Traumatic loss of upper incisor\/s 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.16 Uneven tooth distribution with multiple agenesis 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.17 Surgery 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.18 Selection of anesthesia (local vs. general) 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.19 Premolar to premolar transplantation 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.20 Premolar to anterior maxilla transplantation 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.21 Postoperative instructions 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.22 Follow-up 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.23 Pulp healing 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.24 Periodontal healing 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.25 Root growth 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.26 Reshaping to incisor morphology 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.27 Alveolar bone after autotransplantation 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.5 Section V: Dental trauma: revisiting posttrauma protocols and long-term follow-ups 285\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEustaquio A. Araújo, DDS, MDS and Gabriel Miranda, DDS, MS\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.28 An overview of dental trauma 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.29 Orthodontic treatment and dental trauma 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.30 Managing traumatized teeth and preserving bone width – The decoronation approach 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.31 Final considerations 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.6 Section VI: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in the growing child 299\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJuan Martin Palomo, DDS, MDS and Luciane M. de Menezes, PhD\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.32 The need for sleep 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.33 Diagnosis and management of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.34 Risk factors for OSA in children 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.34.1 Enlarged tonsils and adenoids 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.34.2 Obesity 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.34.3 Allergies and respiratory infections 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.34.4 Structural abnormalities and craniofacial anomalies 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.35 Consequences of SDB in children 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.36 Treatment options for the dental and skeletal consequences of SDB in children 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.37 New technologies: the use of apps and devices for SDB and OSA in children 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.38 Conclusion 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.7 Section VII: Mixed dentition orthodontic mechanics 313\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGerald S. Samson, DDS\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39 Definitions and terminology 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.1 Center of mass and center of resistance 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.2 Orders of tooth movements and orthodontic terminology 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.3 Force systems 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.4 Single-point force and moment of force 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.5 Additive and subtractive couples 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.6 Equilibrium and tooth movement – Newton’s third law 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.7 Force systems and tooth movements 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.8 Mixed dentition example of one tube (bracket) and one couple system 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.9 Mixed dentition: maxillary anterior root convergence 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.10 Orthodontic treatment of teeth with open apices 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.11 Two brackets – two equal and oppositely directed couples 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.12 Two brackets – two unequal oppositely directed couples 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.13 Two brackets – two “same direction, additive” couples including increased anterior incisor root torque 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39.14 Clinical application – mixed dentition openbite, two “same direction, additive” couples including increased anterior incisor root torque 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 327\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe editors\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEustáquio A. Araújo, DDS, MDS,\u003c\/b\u003e is an Emeritus Professor of Orthodontics at Saint Louis University in Saint Louis, Missouri, USA. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePeter H. Buschang, MA, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is a Regents Professor Emeritus, the Peter H. Buschang Endowed Chair of Orthodontics, and former director of research in the Department of Orthodontics at the Texas A\u0026amp;M University College of Dentistry in Dallas, Texas, USA.    \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eComprehensive reference providing an evidence-based approach to the early treatment, recognition, and correction of developing malocclusions\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eRecognizing and Correcting Developing Malocclusions, Second Edition\u003c\/i\u003e provides an evidence-based approach to early treatment of developing malocclusions, presenting treatment protocols for mixed-dentition patients with various malocclusions and other orthodontic problems. Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions are covered extensively, along with eruptive deviations and different malocclusions. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe literature is comprehensively reviewed to ensure that the reader thoroughly understands the development, phenotypic characteristics, and etiology of each type of malocclusion. Taking a problem-oriented approach, the authors provide detailed information for each case, develop comprehensive problem lists, and then present evidence-based treatment solutions. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis newly revised and updated Second Edition contains comprehensive updates to all chapters and sections, including dental trauma and its consequences and sleep apnea in children. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContaining figures, tables, patient pictures, and 3D rendered illustrations throughout to elucidate key concepts, \u003ci\u003eRecognizing and Correcting Developing Malocclusions, Second Edition\u003c\/i\u003e explores topics including: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssessing the degree of severity of a developing malocclusion and recognizing and correcting intra-arch deviations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenetics of dental occlusions and malocclusions and mixed dentition orthodontic mechanics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrategies for managing missing second premolar teeth in young patients and principles and techniques of premolar autotransplantation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbnormal eruption, function, and aesthetics, congenitally missing teeth, autotransplantation, and habits\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConstruction of a diagnosis, treatment plan, and estimation of prognosis based on available diagnostic records produced by both old and new technologies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractical in approach but grounded in the literature, \u003ci\u003eRecognizing and Correcting Developing Malocclusions, Second Edition\u003c\/i\u003e is equally useful as a patient-side guide for clinicians and as a detailed reference for orthodontic and pediatric specialists and residents.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989925544165,"sku":"NP9781119912545","price":169.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119912545.jpg?v=1761785931","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/recognizing-and-correcting-developing-malocclusions-isbn-9781119912545","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}