{"product_id":"reception-of-weak-radio-signals-from-space-isbn-9781394292738","title":"Reception of Weak Radio Signals from Space","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eComprehensive resource on the dynamically developing issue of radio communication over long distances, especially in outer space\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eReception of Weak Radio Signals from Space\u003c\/i\u003e explores all aspects of detecting and making sense of extremely weak radio frequency (RF) signals, especially those emanating from space. The subject matter ranges from general physics fundamentals to highly specialized issues of design and optimization of microwave antennas, low-noise amplifiers, receivers, transmitters, and frequency synthesizers with very specific characteristics. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpecial consideration is paid to the advanced technique of radio linking by reflection of signals from the lunar surface, where, using modern software for digital communication, it is possible to realize links with signals ten or more decibels weaker compared to analogue modes. Each chapter briefly summarizes the theory and applicable relationships and complements the discussed topic with descriptions of specific solutions for individual parts of the communication system. Detailed annotated examples of calculations and implementations are included to aid in reader understanding. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book also discusses specific properties of antennas including brightness and noise temperature, directivity, and polarization, and covers the technical characteristics of interplanetary probes such as Voyager, Cassini, Mars Odyssey, and others. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdditional topics in \u003ci\u003eReception of Weak Radio Signals from Space\u003c\/i\u003e include: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicrowave receivers, covering noise matching, cooled amplifiers, noise figure measurement, and low-noise amplifiers for 1.3 and 10 GHz bands\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWave propagation in free space and the influence of the atmosphere via precipitation clouds and the ionosphere, including techniques for measuring the figure of merit G\/T of the receiving system\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLocal oscillators, including direct digital and phase-locked loop synthesizers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-frequency rectangular and circular waveguides and coaxial and planar transmission lines\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParabolic antennas, describing mirror geometry and its radiation as well as scalar radiator feeds\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eReception of Weak Radio Signals from Space\u003c\/i\u003e is an excellent resource on up-to-date information for engineers and scientists working in space communications as well as graduate and senior undergraduate students and radio amateurs. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Symbols ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Thermal Noise 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Properties of Antennas 5\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Absolute Black-Body Radiation 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Brightness and Noise Temperature of Antennas 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Near Field and Far Field 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Directivity and Antenna Gain 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Polarization 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Two-Port Network Noise Figure and Equivalent Noise Temperature 15\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Noise Figure of Radio Frequency Attenuator 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Noise Bandwidth 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 System Noise Temperature 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Figure of Merit G\/T 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Communication Equation 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Wave Propagation 25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Free Space Wave Propagation 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Influence of the Atmosphere 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Precipitation Cloud in Front of Antenna 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Ionosphere Influence 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Wave Propagation by Reflection 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Measuring the Figure of Merit G\/T of the Receiving System 33\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Y-Factor 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Measuring G\/T Using the Moon 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Measuring G\/T Using the Sun 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Measuring G\/T Using Other Space Objects 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Parabolic Antennas 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Reflector Geometry and Its Irradiation 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Antenna with Rotationally Symmetric Reflector 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Antenna with Offset Reflector 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Antennas with Dual Optics 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4 Accuracy of Parabolic Reflectors 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Feeds 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Open Circular Waveguide in 10 GHz Band 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Open Circular Waveguide with Simple Choke 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Scalar Feed 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Horn with Rings 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.5 Horn for 10 GHz and Offset Reflector with f \/d = 0.8 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.6 Horn for 24 GHz and Offset Reflector with f \/d = 0.8 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.7 Horn for 24 GHz and Offset Reflector with f \/d = 0.6 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.8 Standard Horn for 1.3 GHz and Offset Reflector with f \/d = 0.8 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 High-Frequency Transmission Lines – Waveguides 73\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Rectangular Waveguides 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Reactance Elements in a Rectangular Waveguide 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Circular Waveguides 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Coaxial Transmission Lines 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Planar Transmission Lines 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Nonreciprocal Microwave Lines 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Microwave Receivers 93\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Low-Noise Amplifiers 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Noise Matching 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Cooled Amplifiers 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Measurement of Noise Figure 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.4 Low-Noise Amplifier for 1.3 GHz 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.5 Low-Noise Amplifier for 10 GHz 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Local Oscillators 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Classification of Frequency Synthesizers 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Coherent and Incoherent Synthesizers 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Synthesizers with Direct and Indirect Synthesis 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers – DDFS 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Basic Description 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Spectral Properties of DDFS 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Phase-Locked Loop Synthesizers 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Time and Frequency Domain Description of a Phase-Locked Loop 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Order and Type of Phase-Locked Loop 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Phase-Locked Loop Synthesizers 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Phase-Locked Loop Stability 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5 Classification of Phase-Locked Loops 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.6 Spectral Properties of PLL Synthesizers 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.7 Allan’s Variance 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.8 Circuitry of Modern PLL Synthesizers 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.9 Oscillators 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.10 Phase Frequency Detectors – PFD 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.11 Frequency Dividers 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.12 Loop Filters 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Direct Digital Synthesizer with AD9951EP 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Frequency Synthesizer for Microwave Devices 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Microwave Transmitters 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 UHF Band Power Amplifier 300 W 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 X-Band Power Amplifiers 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Single-Stage X-Band 4 W Power Amplifier 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 X-Band 20 W Power Amplifier 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 X-Band 50 W Power Amplifier 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3.1 Calculation of Cooling 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Communication by Lunar Surface Reflection 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Lunar Surface as a Reflecting Surface 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Reflected Signal Spectrum Broadening 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Doppler Shift 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Polarization of Signals 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Digital Communication 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Jt 65 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Jt 4 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Qra 64 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Q 65 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Parameters of Communication Devices 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Antennas 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 System Noise Temperature 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Echo 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Accuracy and Stability of Frequency 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.5 Doppler Shift Compensation 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Conclusion 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Radio Communication with Interplanetary Spacecrafts 197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Terrestrial Segment for Deep Space Communication 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Interplanetary Spacecrafts 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Voyager 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Cassini-Huygens 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 New Horizons 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.4 Mars Odyssey and Reconnaissance Orbiter 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.5 Spacecrafts at Lagrange Points 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Conclusion 209\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 211\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMiroslav Kasal, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is a Professor Emeritus at Brno University of Technology (BUT) in the Czech Republic. He was previously a scientific worker at the Institute of Scientific Instruments within the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic’s Department of RF Spectroscopy. He last held the position of Department Head. He is an experienced experimenter and lifelong active amateur radio operator with a vast amount of theoretical knowledge and practical experience in the field.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eComprehensive resource on the dynamically developing issue of radio communication over long distances, especially in outer space\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eReception of Weak Radio Signals from Space\u003c\/i\u003e explores all aspects of detecting and making sense of extremely weak radio frequency (RF) signals, especially those emanating from space. The subject matter ranges from general physics fundamentals to highly specialized issues of design and optimization of microwave antennas, low-noise amplifiers, receivers, transmitters, and frequency synthesizers with very specific characteristics. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpecial consideration is paid to the advanced technique of radio linking by reflection of signals from the lunar surface, where, using modern software for digital communication, it is possible to realize links with signals ten or more decibels weaker compared to analogue modes. Each chapter briefly summarizes the theory and applicable relationships and complements the discussed topic with descriptions of specific solutions for individual parts of the communication system. Detailed annotated examples of calculations and implementations are included to aid in reader understanding. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book also discusses specific properties of antennas including brightness and noise temperature, directivity, and polarization, and covers the technical characteristics of interplanetary probes such as Voyager, Cassini, Mars Odyssey, and others. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdditional topics in \u003ci\u003eReception of Weak Radio Signals from Space\u003c\/i\u003e include: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicrowave receivers, covering noise matching, cooled amplifiers, noise figure measurement, and low-noise amplifiers for 1.3 and 10 GHz bands\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWave propagation in free space and the influence of the atmosphere via precipitation clouds and the ionosphere, including techniques for measuring the figure of merit G\/T of the receiving system\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLocal oscillators, including direct digital and phase-locked loop synthesizers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-frequency rectangular and circular waveguides and coaxial and planar transmission lines\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParabolic antennas, describing mirror geometry and its radiation as well as scalar radiator feeds\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eReception of Weak Radio Signals from Space\u003c\/i\u003e is an excellent resource on up-to-date information for engineers and scientists working in space communications as well as graduate and senior undergraduate students and radio amateurs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989924888805,"sku":"NP9781394292738","price":125.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781394292738.jpg?v=1761785928","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/reception-of-weak-radio-signals-from-space-isbn-9781394292738","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}