{"product_id":"psychobiology-isbn-9781405187435","title":"Psychobiology","description":"\u003ci\u003ePsychobiology\u003c\/i\u003e provides a comprehensive, yet accessible introduction to the study of psychobiology and the key concepts, topics and research that are core to understanding the brain and the biological basis of our behaviour. Assuming no prior knowledge of biology, the text emphasises the interaction of psychobiology with other core areas of psychology and disciplines. Through the use of exciting and engaging examples, the role of psychobiology in the real world is explored and emphasisised to allow students to connect theory to practice in this fascinating subject. \u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xx\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I In the Beginning 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Introduction to Psychobiology 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is Psychobiology? 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReductionism 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of Neuroscience 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychobiology: Essential Collaboration 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoints of View in Psychobiology 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological Psychology 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychophysiology 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychopharmacology 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuropsychology 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Neuroscience 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial\/Affective Neuroscience 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative Psychology 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavioural Genetics 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputational Neuroscience 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthics: Bioethics and Neuroethics 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnimal Research 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperiments in the USA 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeyond the USA and UK 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProfessional Bodies: British Psychological Society (BPS) and American Psychological Association (APA) 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeyond the Ethics of Animal Research: The Validity of Animal Models of Behaviour 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGood Science Versus Junk In – Junk Out 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Genetics and Evolution 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn The Beginning – Evolution 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDarwin’s Revolutionary Theory – The Theory of Evolution 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvidence: The Case in Support of the Theory of Evolution 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Organism and the Environment 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Evolution of Humans 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolutionary Psychology 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Evolution to Genetics 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMendelian Genetics 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMendelian Genetics and Eye Colour 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMendelian Inheritance: Huntington’s Disease – Dominant Allele in Action 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMendelian Inheritance: PKU – A Recessive Allele in Action 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChromosomes and Inheritance 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is DNA? 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is the Function of DNA? 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic Variation 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable Number Tandem Repeats 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpigenetics 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavioural Genetics: The Complex Interplay of Psychology and Genetics 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA and Psychology 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeyond Mendelian Inheritance: The Endophenotype 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular Biotechnology and Psychology 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Human Genome Project 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Neural Development 61\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Development 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeural Development over the Lifespan 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeural Development 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopmental Changes in the Brain 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale and Female Brains 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdolescent Development 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdult Development 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCritical Periods 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeratology 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 The Neuron, The Endocrine System and Communication 83\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurons 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInside the Cell: Atoms at the Heart of Life 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurons: Structure and Function 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupport Cells 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlial Cells 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Neurons 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignalling and Communication Within the Neuron 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrical Communication 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignalling and Communication between Neurons: Synaptic Transmission 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurotransmitters 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReceptors 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynaptic and Cellular Regulation 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetrograde Signalling 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignalling and Communication between Neurons: Gap Junctions 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndocrinology: Studying Long-Distance Communication 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAction of Hormones at Their Target 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Neuroanatomy and The Nervous System 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Nervous Systems 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Central Nervous System (CNS) 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroanatomy 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhite and Grey Matter 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpatial Relationships of the Brain and Spinal Cord 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrain Regions 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForebrain: Telencephalon and Diencephalon 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Limbic System (and Hippocampus) 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Basal Ganglia 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMidbrain: Mesencephalon 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHindbrain: Metencephalon and Myelencephalon 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Ins and Outs of Blood Supply to the Brain 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArterial Supply of Oxygenated Blood 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cerebral Arterial Circle: The Circle of Willis 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSinuses 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndocrine System 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Pituitary Gland 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Psychobiology and Neuroscience Methods 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological Psychology 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuropsycho-Pharmacology 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnilateral and Bilateral Lesions 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychophysiology 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Electroencephalogram 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnetoencephalography (MEG) 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvent-related Potentials 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeyond the Brain 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrain Imaging 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNuclear Imaging Using Radioactivity and Radioactive Isotopes 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnetic Resonance Imaging 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptical Imaging of the Brain 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroimaging is not the Ultimate Evidence 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroimaging Maps of the Mind 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychophysiology and Neuroimaging Combined 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirtual Lesions – Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Psychopharmacology 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrug Classification 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrug Action 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacokinetics 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacodynamics 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Drugs 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStimulants 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDepressants 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMind-Altering Drugs 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntidepressants 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntipsychotics 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychopharmacology – The Dark Side 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Trials 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Animal Learning 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Theory: Adaptations and Associations 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHabituation 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReflexes 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassical Conditioning 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasuring the Conditioned Response 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcquisition 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtinction 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpontaneous Recovery 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStimulus Generalization and Stimulus Discrimination 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs the Conditioned Response Identical to the Unconditioned Response? 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Relationship between the Conditioned Stimulus and the Unconditioned Stimulus 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDelay Conditioning 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimultaneous Conditioning 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackward Conditioning 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrace Conditioning 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemporal Conditioning 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLatent Inhibition 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlocking 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Rescorla–Wagner Model 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications of Classical Conditioning: From Bench to Bedside 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperant Conditioning 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Law of Effect 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehaviourism 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcquisition 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShaping and Conditioning by Successive Approximations 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtinction 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpontaneous Recovery 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscrimination and Generalization 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteroceptive and Exteroceptive Stimuli 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications of Operant Conditioning: From Bench to Bedside 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognition in Animals 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Drugs and Behaviour: Behaviour and Drugs 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSchedules as Fundamental Determinants of Drug-Elicited Behaviour 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTolerance 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensitization 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Placebo 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConscious Processes 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnconscious Processes 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Psychobiology: Bringing Biology and Behaviour Together 249\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Perceptual Systems 251\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Sensory Modalities 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVision and Visual Perception 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Eye 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Sclera and Cornea 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqueous Humour 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Iris and Pupil 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Lens 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVitreous Humour 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Retina 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Optic Nerve 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral Geniculate Nucleus 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Visual Cortex 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColour Perception 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBinocular Vision: Two Eyes and Two Hemispheres 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Summary of Visual Perception 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHearing and Auditory Perception 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Ear 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Auditory Nerve and Cortex 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmelling and Olfactory Perception 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Nasal Membrane 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTasting and the Gustatory System 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Tongue and Mouth 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Vestibular System 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeeling and Somatosensation 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Skin 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Transmission of Tactile Stimuli to the Brain 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNociception and the Perception of Pain 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Pain? 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponents of Pain 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReceptors 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePain Fibres 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathways 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescending Pathways 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndogenous Analgesia 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePain Control 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMasochism 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hard Question 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory Integration 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Motor Behaviour and Control 293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegions of the Brain 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Motor Cortex 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Premotor Cortex 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupplementary Motor Area (SMA) 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresupplementary Motor Area (Pre-SMA) 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCingulate Motor Area 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBroca’s Area 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrontal Eye Fields 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Basal Ganglia 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cerebellum 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrainstem 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescending Pathways 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Pyramidal System 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Extrapyramidal System 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePassage of Information to Muscles 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Skeleton 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Muscles 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurochemical Activation of the Muscles 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeedback 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl and Agency 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Executive Functions 315\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrontal Lobes, Evolution and the Localization of Humanity 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLesions And Imaging 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Frontal Lobes: Damage and the Dysexecutive Syndrome 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThinking 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRule Learning, Planning and Problem Solving 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eError Utilization 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttention 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheories Describing Frontal Lobe Function 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheory of Mind: Mind Reading (or Knowing Me, Knowing You (Aha!)) 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJust Say No – The Case of Free Won’t 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 Neural Plasticity and Memory 343\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMemory: What is it and Where is it? 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmnesia 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Neural Basis of Memory 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Happens at the Neural Level? 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Neural Bases of Learning: Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eand Long-Term Depression (LTD) 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroplasticity 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 Sex 359\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolution of Sex and the Sexes 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferentiation of the Sexes 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale Genitalia 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale Genitalia 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex Hormones 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMenstrual Cycle and Ovulation 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexual Development 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Male and Female Brain 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Regions of the Brain are Different in the Sexes? 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Happens During Sexual Arousal? 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolution of Pleasure 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexual orientation 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15 The Neural Regulation of Homeostasis: Feeding and Drinking 391\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeeding Behaviour 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrain Mechanisms for Eating 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEating Disorders 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychological Factors which Influence Eating 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrinking and Thirst 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrain Mechanisms in Thirst 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16 Motivation 409\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrug Addiction: The Triumph of Motivation Over Reason 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is Addiction? 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Reward Pathway: A Common Denominator in Addiction and Motivation 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntracranial Self-stimulation 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrug Self-administration 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmphetamine, Cocaine and Nicotine 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Reinforcers 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheories of Addiction – Theories of Motivation 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive Reinforcement 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensitization 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Dependence Theories and Negative Reinforcement 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJust Say No 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivation, Addiction and Learning 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhich Theory is Correct? 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17 Emotion 435\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is Emotion? 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial Expression 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological\/Psychological Theories of Emotion 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJames–Lange Theory of Emotion 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCannon–Bard Theory of Emotion 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSchachter’s Cognitive Labelling Theory of Emotion 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Emotional Brain 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePapez Circuit 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Temporal Lobe and Limbic System in Emotion 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Amygdala 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hippocampus and Fear 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFear or Fear Conditioning 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeyond Fear 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConceptual Act Model of Emotion 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRolls’ Reinforcement Model of Emotion 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Somatic Marker Hypothesis of Emotion 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotion: What’s Love Got To Do With It? 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLove is the Drug 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAggression and Violence 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeural Mechanisms and Aggression 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHormones and Aggression 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStress 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotion and Music: Beyond Emotion as an Evolutionary Adaptation (Or Not) 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18 Sleep and Consciousness 463\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCircadian Rhythms 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSleep 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSleep Architecture 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Stages of Sleep 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Neural Mechanisms of Sleep 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurotransmitters and Sleep 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDreams 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheories of Sleep 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Do We Need to Sleep? 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSleep Disorders and Mental Health 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsciousness 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWho are We and What Do We feel? What is It to Think? 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFree Will 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19 Lateralization and Language 483\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateralization: Neuroanatomy 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional Lateralization 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsymmetry and Sex 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs Functional Lateralization Fixed? 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSplit Brains 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III The Psychobiology of Psychopathology 499\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20 Developmental Disorders 503\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnostic Criteria 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructural Changes in the Brain 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional Neuroimaging of ADHD 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychophysiological Studies 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrontostriatal Circuits 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacology and Efficacy of Psychostimulants used in treating ADHD 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychopharmacology: From Treatment to Theory 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarkley’s Neuropsychological Account – Behavioural Inhibition 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorking Memory 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutism Spectrum Disorder 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnostic Criteria 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Genetics of ASD 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructural Neuroimaging in the Brain 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional Neuroimaging of ASD 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurochemistry and Psychopharmacology of ASD 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheories of ASD 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21 Schizophren ia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders 523\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetics of Schizophrenia 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurochemistry of Schizophrenia 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypical and Atypical Antipsychotics 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurobiological Theories 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuropsychological Theories 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimitations of Many Studies in Schizophrenia 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 22 Aff ective Disorders 541\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat causes depression? 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetics of Depression 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurochemistry of Depression 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNoradrenergic Hypothesis of Depression 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerotonin Hypothesis of Depression 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments for Depression 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtypical Antidepressants 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelective Noradrenergic Reuptake Inhibitors 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDual Action Antidepressants 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectroconvulsive Therapy 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLithium 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroanatomy of Depression 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs there a Common Denominator in all the Treatments for Depression? 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 23 Stress and Anxiety 559\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStress 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is Stress? 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Stress Response 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInput of the Stress Response 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSympathetic-adrenomedullary axis (SAM) 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHomeostasis Versus Allostasis (Acute Versus Chronic Stress) 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnxiety 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurobiology 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGABA and Anxiety 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarbiturates 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenzodiazepines 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNoradrenaline 580\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerotonin 580\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Neuropsychological Theory of Anxiety 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 24 Neurodegeneration 583\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcortical Neurodegeneration: Parkinson’s Disease 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuropathology 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuropharmacology 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuropsychology 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCortical Neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s Disease 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuropathology 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuropharmacology 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuropsychology 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 25 Psychobiology: Implications for the Brave New World 603\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolicy 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducation 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaw 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences (Visit the website to download the references - www.wiley.com\/college\/chandler)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eChris Chandler\u003c\/b\u003e is currently a Principal Lecturer in biological psychology at London Metropolitan University. He has taught the biological aspects of psychology at all undergraduate levels and to an extremely diverse range of students, giving him ample experience of how to effectively convey complex information to a wide audience. His research background is in dopamine and addiction, as well as an interest in ADHD. \u003cp\u003ePsychobiology provides a comprehensive, yet accessible introduction to the study of psychobiology and the key concepts, topics and research that are core to understanding the brain and the biological basis of our behaviour. Assuming no prior knowledge of biology, the text emphasises the interaction of psychobiology with other core areas of psychology and disciplines. Through the use of exciting and engaging examples, the role of psychobiology in the real world is explored and emphasisised to allow students to connect theory to practice in this fascinating subject.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989883535589,"sku":"NP9781405187435","price":65.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781405187435.jpg?v=1761785785","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/psychobiology-isbn-9781405187435","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}