{"product_id":"principles-and-practice-of-skin-toxicology-isbn-9780470511725","title":"Principles and Practice of Skin Toxicology","description":"Written by authorities in the field, this book provides a “bottom up” approach to studying skin toxicology. \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003ePrinciples and Practice of Skin Toxicology\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e clearly outlines basic concepts, cites historical and modern references and contains a dictionary for easy reference. The inclusion of global legislation and regulatory aspects on the topic makes this a comprehensive review for every practitioner, clinical researcher in industry and academia, and MSc and PhD student of toxicology.  \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eDifferent sections cover skin structure and function, principles and measurement of skin absorption, clinical aspects of dermal toxicity and \u003ci\u003ein vitro\u003c\/i\u003e alternatives. \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA section on regulatory and legislative aspects includes case studies from the UK that fulfill European Union and US FDA requirements.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA glossary provides definitions of technical terms, and the chapters contain an introduction, learning boxes and summary section for ease of use. \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes a chapter on drug delivery through the skin.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAddresses risk assessment: a key area for the interpretation of skin absorption data that is rarely covered.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e  \u003cb\u003eContents\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eList of contributors\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART I Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Cutaneous anatomy and function\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eRobert P. Chilcott\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction and scope\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Surface features\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Functional histology of the epidermis and associated structures\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Species differences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Biochemistry of the skin\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSimon C. Wilkinson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction and scope\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Protein synthesis and organisation during epidermal differentiation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Lipid synthesis and organisation during epidermal differentiation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Lipid classes in the stratum corneum\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Stratum corneum turnover\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Biotransformations in skin\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Skin photobiology\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMark A. Birch-Machin and Simon C. Wilkinson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction and scope\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Photoprotection and melanogenesis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Increased environmental ultraviolet radiation exposure and its link with photoageing and skin cancer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Mitochondrial DNA as a biomarker of sun exposure in human skin\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Apoptosis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Sun protection\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART II Skin Absorption\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Skin as a route of entry\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSimon C. Wilkinson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Salient anatomical features of the stratum corneum – the ‘brick and mortar model’\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Species and regional variation in skin structure\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Species and regional variation in skin permeability\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Intra- and inter-individual variation in percutaneous absorption\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Effect of age on skin barrier function\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Role of skin appendages\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 The \u003ci\u003ein vitro\u003c\/i\u003e skin sandwich model\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Penetration of particles through appendages\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Physicochemical Factors Affecting Skin Absorption\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eKeith R. Brain and Robert P. Chilcott\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Physicochemical properties\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Exposure considerations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Principles of Diffusion and Thermodynamics\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eW. John Pugh and Robert P. Chilcott\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction and scope\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Some definitions pertaining to skin absorption kinetics \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Basic concepts of diffusion\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Fick’s Laws of diffusion\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Thermodynamic activity\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Skin absorption of a substance from two different vehicles\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Partitioning\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Diffusivity\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Skin absorption data and risk assessments\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eIn vivo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003emeasurements of skin absorption\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eJames C. Wakefield and Robert P. Chilcott\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction and scope\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Why conduct \u003ci\u003ein vivo\u003c\/i\u003e studies?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Ethics and legislation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Standard methodology: OECD Guideline 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Alternative \u003ci\u003ein vivo\u003c\/i\u003e methods\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eIn vitro\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003epercutaneous absorption measurements\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eRuth U. Pendlington\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction and scope\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Regulatory guidelines\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Why assess percutaneous absorption \u003ci\u003ein vitro\u003c\/i\u003e?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Basic principle of \u003ci\u003ein vitro\u003c\/i\u003e percutaneous absorption measurements\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Choice of diffusion cell\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Skin membrane considerations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Integrity measurements\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Choice of receptor fluid and sampling considerations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Test material considerations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Application of test preparation to the skin\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Examples of results from \u003ci\u003ein vitro\u003c\/i\u003e skin absorption studies\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 What is considered to be absorbed?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13 Micro-autoradiography\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART III Toxicological Assessment\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Skin immunology and sensitisation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid A. Basketter\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Definitions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Skin sensitisation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Identification of skin sensitisers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Risk assessment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Other types of allergic skin reaction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Future prospects\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eIn vitro\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ephototoxicity assays\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePenny Jones\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction and scope \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 \u003ci\u003eIn vitro\u003c\/i\u003e strategies for phototoxicity testing\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The UV\/visible absorption spectrum as a pre-screen for phototoxicity\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 \u003ci\u003eIn vitro\u003c\/i\u003e assays for phototoxicity using monolayer cultures\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 \u003ci\u003eIn vitro\u003c\/i\u003e assays for photoallergenicity\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 \u003ci\u003eIn vitro\u003c\/i\u003e assays for phototoxicity using human 3-D skin models \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eIn vitro\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ealternatives for irritation and corrosion assessment\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePenny Jones\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction and scope\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Acute dermal irritation\/corrosion\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Validation\/regulatory status of \u003ci\u003ein vitro\u003c\/i\u003e assays for skin corrosion \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 \u003ci\u003eIn vitro\u003c\/i\u003e tests for skin corrosion\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Validation\/regulatory status of \u003ci\u003ein vitro\u003c\/i\u003e assays for skin irritation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 \u003ci\u003eIn vitro\u003c\/i\u003e tests for skin irritation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Instruments for measuring skin toxicity \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHelen Taylor\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction and scope\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Skin surface pH\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Biomechanical properties\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Sebum\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Skin surface contours\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Thickness\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Desquamation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Applications and measurement of transepidermal water loss\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Guidance for TEWL measurements \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Hydration measurement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Guidance for hydration measurements\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12 Relationship between hydration and dermal toxicity\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13 Colour measurement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14 Measurement of vascular perfusion\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.15 A final word of caution\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART IV Clinical Aspects \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Introduction to dermatology\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eManjunatha Kalavala and Alex Anstey\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction and scope\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Clinical assessment of patient with skin disease\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Cutaneous manifestations of disease following exposure to chemicals and pharmaceutical formulations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Overview of standard treatments\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Clinical aspects of phototoxicity\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnthony D. Pearse and Alex Anstey\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction and scope \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 UV-induced skin reactions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Phototoxicity (photoirritancy) reactions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Photosensitive reactions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Occupational skin diseases\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eJon Spiro\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction and scope\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Dermatitis \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Development of occupational dermatitis \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Patterns of occupational dermatitis \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Incidence of occupational dermatitis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Effects of dermatitis on work\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 The outlook in occupational dermatitis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Identification of occupational dermatitis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Other occupational skin disorders\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10 Investigation of a case of dermatitis at work\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Prevention of occupational skin disease\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eChris Packham\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Prevention of occupational skin disease\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Defining the problem\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Material safety data sheets\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Chain of responsibility\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Managing dermal exposure\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Selection and use of personal protective equipment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Protective or ‘barrier’ creams: do they have a role? \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 The role of education and training\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Conclusions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART V Regulatory\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Occupational skin exposures: legal aspects\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eChris Packham\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction and scope\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Brief overview of current United Kingdom legislation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 The employer’s perspective\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Hazard identification\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Risk assessment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Gloves: a note of caution\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Safety assessment of cosmetics: an EU perspective\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eJo Larner\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction and scope\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Overview and scope of Cosmetics Directive 76\/768\/EC\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Overview of the requirements of the EU Cosmetics Directive\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Scientific advice\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Influence of other legislation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Adverse effects from cosmetics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Toxicity of cosmetic ingredients\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 The safety assessment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9 A final consideration\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 18.1 Additional obligations for cosmetic suppliers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Regulatory dermatotoxicology and international guidelines\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAdam Woolley\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Regulatory context\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Product groups and the human context\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Dermal toxicology with the different product groups\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Factors in dermal toxicity\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Repeat dose dermal toxicology\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Classic short-term dermal toxicity studies\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8 Pragmatic considerations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Glossary of main terms and abbreviations\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eJames C. Wakefield\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIndex\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \"This is a very useful book for students or toxicologists who want to familiarize themselves with the specific subdiscipline of ermatoxicology, and with the currently validated methods of the trade. The fact that the book is easy to read with a logical story line makes it suitable for students.\" (\u003ci\u003eBTS Newsletter\u003c\/i\u003e, Summer 2009)  \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRobert Peter Chilcott\u003c\/strong\u003e, Senior Toxicologist, Chemical Hazards and Poisons Division HQ, Health Protection Agency, Chilton, UK. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShirley Price\u003c\/strong\u003e, Senior Lecturer in Toxicopathology, School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.   Written by experts in the field, \u003ci\u003ePrinciples and Practice of Skin\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eToxicology\u003c\/i\u003e provides a “bottom up” approach to studying skin toxicology. It provides a clear outline of basic concepts, citing both historical and modern references, and contains a glossary of key terms for quick and easy reference.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eArranged in a user friendly and logical sequence, the book covers the five main areas of dermatotoxicology:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul type=\"disc\"\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003ePrinciples of skin absorption.\u003c\/b\u003e Explains the factors influencing dermal absorption and associated methods of measurement.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMethods for assessing skin toxicity.\u003c\/b\u003e An overview of both \u003ci\u003ein vivo\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003ein vitro\u003c\/i\u003e approaches to testing, with particular emphasis on the validation and use of alternative test strategies.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eClinical and occupational skin toxicity.\u003c\/b\u003e A basic introduction to dermatology and related applications central to understanding dermal exposure to chemicals.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eRegulatory aspects. \u003c\/b\u003e An overview of national and international legislation governing the safe marketing of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and industrial chemicals.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book will be especially useful to scientists who are new to the area of dermal toxicology, as well as practitioners of toxicology, clinical researchers, and researchers in industry and academia.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989849850085,"sku":"NP9780470511725","price":175.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470511725.jpg?v=1761785667","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/principles-and-practice-of-skin-toxicology-isbn-9780470511725","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}