{"product_id":"poverty-and-income-distribution-isbn-9781405176606","title":"Poverty and Income Distribution","description":"\u003cb\u003ePoverty and Income Distribution 2E\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten by a leading scholar in the field, this textbook provides a thorough introduction to the topic of income distribution and poverty, with additional emphasis on the issues of inequality and discrimination. This book features an empirical focus, and includes sections on basic statistics, as well as optional econometric studies and more advanced mathematical handling of inequality measurement. Utilizing data from various countries around the globe, including the US and Europe, this textbook is international in its scope and provides a comparative element that will aid students in their studies. Up-to-date and comprehensive in its coverage, this new edition supplies a self-contained course on income distribution and poverty. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiv\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Introduction: Issues and Scope of Book 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Recent trends in living standards 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Income and earnings stagnate while poverty remains unchanged 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Inequality rises sharply 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.3 Middle-class debt explodes 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.4 What has happened to tax rates? 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.5 Rising profits is the key 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.6 Yet schooling has continued to rise 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.7 Some conclusions 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Causes of rising inequality 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Skill-biased technology change 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 The shift to services 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Declining unionization 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Globalization 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Downsizing and outsourcing 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.6 Public policy changes 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 General description of the textbook 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Inequality, Poverty, and Mobility: Measurement and Trends 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Income, Earnings, and the Standard of Living 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The composition of personal income in the United States 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 The standard of living 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Real versus nominal 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Trends in living standards in the United States 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Factor shares 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Historical studies on factor shares* 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 International comparisons of living standards 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Per capita income 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 The Human Development Index 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Household production and well-being 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Defining household work 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 The market cost approach 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 The opportunity cost approach 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.4 Empirical work on household production 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Summary 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 References, bibliography, and data sources 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Discussion questions and problem set 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2.1 An introduction to the National Income and Product Accounts* 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA2.1.1 The relation to the national accounts 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA2.1.2 The sources of personal income 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA2.1.3 The derivation of factor shares 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA2.1.4 Miscellaneous issues in national accounting 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA2.1.4.1 Treatment of international trade 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA2.1.4.2 National income at factor costs 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA2.1.4.3 The treatment of capital gains 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Income Inequality: Its Measurement, Historical Trends, and International Comparisons 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 A review of basic statistics 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Mean, variance, and standard deviation 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Distributions 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Percentile ranking 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Inequality measures 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Concentration measures 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Coefficient of variation 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 The Lorenz curve 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Gini coefficient 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Log variance of income* 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.6 The Theil entropy index* 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.7 Atkinson’s measure* 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.8 Lorenz dominance* 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Time trends in income inequality in the United States 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 International comparisons of inequality 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Inequality comparisons among high-income countries 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 The Kuznets curve 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 The world distribution of income* 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Summary 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 References and bibliography 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Discussion questions and problem set 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 Poverty: Definitions and Historical Trends 93\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The measurement of poverty 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 The official U.S. poverty standard 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Absolute versus relative poverty thresholds 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Subjective poverty lines 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Other concepts of poverty 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Measurement of poverty incidence 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 The poverty rate and the poverty gap ratio 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Composite measures of poverty* 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Poverty trends in the United States 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Composition of the poor 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Other dimensions of poverty 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Poverty spells and the permanence of poverty 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 The underclass 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 International comparisons of poverty rates 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Other issues in the measurement of poverty 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Equivalence scales 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Choice of a price index 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 The treatment of taxes 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 The treatment of noncash government benefits 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.5 The role of household wealth 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6 Consumption-based measures of poverty 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.7 The accounting period 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.8 Other issues 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Summary 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 References and bibliography 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Discussion questions and problem set 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Household Wealth 134\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 What is household wealth? 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Wealth and well-being 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Marketable wealth 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Other definitions of household wealth 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Historical time-series data on household wealth and its composition 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Trends in average wealth 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Changes in wealth composition 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Homeownership rates 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Wealth inequality in the United States 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Methods used to estimate wealth inequality 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Long-term trends in household wealth inequality in the United States 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Changes in wealth inequality, 1962–2004 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 The Forbes 400 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 International comparisons of household wealth distribution 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Comparisons of long-term time trends 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Comparisons of recent trends 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Summary 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 References and bibliography 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Discussion questions and problem set 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Economic Mobility 180\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Mobility measures 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Measuring intergenerational mobility 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 The Shorrocks measure and other measures of lifetime mobility 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Mobility over the time 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Income mobility 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Earnings mobility 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Other dimensions of mobility 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Intergenerational mobility 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Results for the United States 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Mechanisms of transmission 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 International comparisons 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Wealth mobility 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Summary 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 References and bibliography 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Explanations of Inequality and Poverty 205\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 The Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Basic concepts of the labor force, employment, and unemployment 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Employment 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Unemployment 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 The labor force 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Estimating employment statistics 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Labor force participation rates 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 LFPR by gender, race, and age 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Two-earner households 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Educational attainment of the labor force 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 The industrial and occupational composition of employment 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Measures of unemployment and historical trends 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 The incidence of unemployment 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Jobless rates by demographic characteristic 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Unemployment by industry, occupation, and region 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Types of unemployment 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Frictional unemployment 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Seasonal unemployment 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3 Structural unemployment 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.4 Deficient demand (Keynesian) unemployment 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.5 The debate over the causes of unemployment 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Summary 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 References and bibliography 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Discussion questions 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 The Role of Education and Skills 246\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 The human capital model 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 The rate of return to human capital 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 On-the-job training 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Additional implications of the human capital model 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Earnings, schooling, and experience 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Rates of return to schooling 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Lifetime earnings 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 The schooling–earnings function* 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 The extended earnings function* 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Ability and earnings 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Estimates of the ability effect* 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 The nature vs. nurture controversy 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Productivity and earnings 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Experience, productivity, and earnings 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Other interpretations of the relation between schooling and earnings 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Earnings inequality and human capital* 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Summary and concluding remarks 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 References and bibliography 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Discussion questions and problem set 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Unions, Dual Labor Markets, and Structural Models of Earnings 301\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 The role of labor unions 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 A brief history of trade unionism in the United States 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Trends in union membership 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 The economic role of labor unions 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 The effect of unions on wages: The evidence 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Segmented labor markets 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Internal labor markets 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 The dual labor market model 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 An evaluation of labor market segmentation 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Industrial composition and earnings inequality* 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 State and regional differences in inequality 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Regional differences in income levels 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Industrial composition and rising earnings inequality of the 1980s 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Industry wage differentials* 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Explanations of inter-industry wage differences 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Recent trends and efficiency wage theory 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Occupational wage differentials 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Historical studies 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Trends in the United States in the twentieth century 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 Rising skewness at the top 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Summary and concluding remarks 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 References and bibliography 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Discussion questions 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 The Role of Savings and Intergenerational Transfers in Explaining Wealth Inequality 355\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 The basic lifecycle model 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Age–wealth profiles 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Longitudinal analyses* 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Simulation and regression analysis* 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Extensions of the lifecycle model 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 The role of uncertainty about death and lifetime annuities 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 The role of pension and social security wealth 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 The bequest motive 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Precautionary savings and liquidity constraints 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Intergenerational equity 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Social security annuity and transfer wealth 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Private intergenerational transfers 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Generational accounting 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Summary and overall assessment 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 References and bibliography 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Discussion questions 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Sources of Rising Earnings Inequality* 386\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Skill-biased technological change 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 The IT “revolution” 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Growing international trade and immigration 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 The shift to services 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Institutional factors 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Outsourcing and downsizing 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Changes in the distribution of schooling and ability 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Time trends in key explanatory variables 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Econometric results 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Summary and concluding remarks 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 References and bibliography 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.1 Data sources and methods 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Discrimination 419\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Discrimination: Meaning, Measurement, and Theory 421\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 The meaning of discrimination 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition* 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Pre-labor market discrimination 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Theories of discrimination: an overview 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Taste for discrimination 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Statistical discrimination 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 The racial stigma model 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 The Marxian model 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Overcrowding model of occupational segregation 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Summary 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 References and bibliography 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 Racial Discrimination: Progress and Reversal for Black Americans 445\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Trends and status report on racial inequality 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 The earnings gap: have African American workers made gains on whites? 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Labor force participation and unemployment 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 Family income, poverty, and wealth 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.4 Hispanics 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Migration from the South 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Progress in educational attainment 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 The role of educational gains on the earnings gap* 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Quality of schooling* 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Returns to schooling for blacks and whites 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.4 Hispanic Americans 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Changes in family structure among black Americans 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Public policy and discrimination 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Public policy programs 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 The effectiveness of the anti-discrimination programs 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Summary and conclusion 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 References and bibliography 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Discussion questions and problem set 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 The Gender–Wage Gap and Occupational Segregation 488\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 The wage gap and labor force participation trends 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Time trends 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Labor force participation patterns 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Explanations of the rising LFPR of women* 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Explanations of the wage gap 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Human capital differences 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Occupational segregation 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 The role of public policy 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 The effectiveness of the anti-discrimination programs 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Comparable worth 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Other issues* 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Effects of wives’ earnings on family income inequality 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 The feminization of poverty 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.3 International comparisons 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Summary 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 References and bibliography 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Discussion questions and problem set 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV The Role of Public Policy on Poverty and Inequality 527\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15 Public Policy and Poverty Alleviation 529\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 A brief history of income maintenance programs 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Early developments 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 The New Deal 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Post-war developments 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Housing assistance 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5 Public expenditures on major federal programs 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Unemployment insurance (UI) 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 A brief description of the UI system 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Time trends in UI benefits 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Incentive effects of the UI system 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 The social security system 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Determination of the social security benefit 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Incentive effects on labor supply 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 The welfare system 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.1 The workings of AFDC and TANF 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.2 Incentive effects of the welfare system 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Work programs 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.1 Effectiveness of the work programs 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 The minimum wage 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Conclusion and overall assessment of government programs 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.1 Effects on poverty 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.2 Proposals for reform 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 References and bibliography 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10 Discussion questions and problem set 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16 The Redistributional Effects of Public Policy 574\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Equality as a social goal 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Arguments in favor of promoting equality 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Arguments against promoting equality 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 The structure of tax systems 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Proportional, progressive, and regressive tax structures 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Inequality measures and the tax system 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3 Vertical versus horizontal equity 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Distributional consequences of the U.S. tax system 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.1 Tax schedules for the personal income tax 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.2 Effective tax rates for the personal income tax 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.3 The payroll tax 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.4 Other federal taxes 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.5 State and local government taxes 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.6 The overall tax bite? 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.7 International comparisons of taxation 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.8 The overall effective tax rate structure in the United States 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 The negative income tax and the EITC 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 The distributional effects of government expenditures 611\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Summary and conclusion 616\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 References and bibliography 619\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Discussion questions and problem set 622\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 627\u003c\/p\u003e  \"I regularly teach a course on inequality, most recently using the developing manuscript of Ed Wolff's revised text. This work comprehensively (and fascinatingly) covers the central topics of poverty and of income and wealth distribution. I plan to use it for years to come.\" \u003ci\u003eFrank Thompson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor\u003c\/i\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\"The text is clearly written, with a comprehensive and up-to-date coverage and summarization of a very wide range of literature.\" \u003ci\u003eLars Osberg, Dalhousie University\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“I would certainly use this text in my income distribution course. It is much more comprehensive and useful than anything else on the market, and provides the foundation for an engaging and interesting course.” \u003ci\u003eMichael Sattinger, SUNY Albany\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Students will benefit from this text’s broad coverage of empirical evidence on the distribution of income and wealth, its clear description of the technical measures of inequality, and its easily accessible language.” \u003ci\u003eDean Lillard, Cornell University\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"The quality of this text is outstanding, both as a textbook and as a reference for professional economists.\" \u003ci\u003eKeith Bender, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Wolff’s expertise in the study of wealth and inequality is evident in his meticulous provision of interesting and informative footnotes and the comprehensive nature of the coverage. The textbook has enough introductory material for the typical sophomore in college. At the same time, Wolff provides a substantial dose of more advanced material to satisfy and challenge upper-level students with superior background or capability in economics\u003ci\u003e.\" Wendy Rayack, Wesleyan University\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEdward Wolff\u003c\/b\u003e received his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1974 and is professor of economics at New York University, where he has taught since 1974, and a Senior Scholar at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College. He is also a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and a council member of the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth since 1987. He served as Managing Editor of the \u003ci\u003eReview of Income and Wealth\u003c\/i\u003e from 1987 to 2004 and was a Visiting Scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation in New York (2003-04), President of the Eastern Economics Association (2002-2003), and a council member of the International Input-Output Association (1995-2003), and has acted as a consultant with the Economic Policy Institute, the World Bank, the United Nations, the WIDER Institute, and Mathematica Policy Research. His principal research areas are productivity growth and income and wealth distribution. He is the author (or co-author) of 10 books, and the editor of 8. He is also the author of many articles published in books and professional journals and provides frequent commentary on radio and television\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eWritten by a leading scholar in the field, this textbook provides a thorough introduction to the topic of income distribution and poverty, with additional emphasis on the issues of inequality and discrimination. This book features an empirical focus, and includes sections on basic statistics, as well as optional econometric studies and more advanced mathematical handling of inequality measurement. Utilizing data from various countries around the globe, including the US and Europe, this textbook is international in its scope and provides a comparative element that will aid students in their studies. Up-to-date and comprehensive in its coverage, this new edition supplies a self-contained course on income distribution and poverty.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989824094437,"sku":"NP9781405176606","price":83.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781405176606.jpg?v=1761785583","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/poverty-and-income-distribution-isbn-9781405176606","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}