{"product_id":"polarimetric-scattering-and-sar-information-retrieval-isbn-9781118188132","title":"Polarimetric Scattering and SAR Information Retrieval","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eTaking an innovative look at Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), this practical reference fully covers new developments in SAR and its various methodologies and enables readers to interpret SAR imagery\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn essential reference on polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), this book uses scattering theory and radiative transfer theory as a basis for its treatment of topics. It is organized to include theoretical scattering models and SAR data analysis techniques, and presents cutting-edge research on theoretical modelling of terrain surface. The book includes quantitative approaches for remote sensing, such as the analysis of the Mueller matrix solution of random media, mono-static and bistatic SAR image simulation. It also covers new parameters for unsupervised surface classification, DEM inversion, change detection from multi-temporal SAR images, reconstruction of building objects from multi-aspect SAR images, and polarimetric pulse echoes from multi-layering scatter media.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructured to encourage methodical learning, earlier chapters cover core material, whilst later sections involve more advanced new topics which are important for researchers. The final chapter completes the book as a reference by covering SAR interferometry, a core topic in the remote sensing community.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eFeatures theoretical scattering models and SAR data analysis techniques\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExplains the simulation of SAR images for mono- and bi-static radars, covering both qualitative and quantitative information retrieval\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eChapter topics include: theoretical scattering models; SAR data analysis and processing techniques; and theoretical quantitative simulation reconstruction and inversion techniques\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStructured to enable both academic learning and independent study, laying down the foundations first of all before advancing to more complex topics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExperienced author team presents mathematical derivations and figures so that they are easy for readers to understand \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePitched at graduate-level students in electrical engineering, physics, earth and space sciences, as well as researchers\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMATLAB code available for readers to run their own routines\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn invaluable reference for research scientists, engineers and scientists working on polarimetric SAR hardware and software, Application developers of SAR and polarimetric SAR, remote sensing specialists working with SAR data – using ESA.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Basics of Polarimetric Scattering 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Polarized Electromagnetic Wave 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Jones Vector and Scattering Matrix 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Stokes Vector and Mueller Matrix 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Volumetric Scattering 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Small Particle under Rayleigh–Gans Approximation 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Slim Cylinder 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Surface Scattering 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Plane Surface 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Rough Surface 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Kirchhoff Approximation 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Small-Perturbation Approximation 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 Two-Scale Approximation 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.6 Integral Equation Method 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.7 Tilted Surface or Oriented Object 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Vector Radiative Transfer 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Radiative Transfer Equation 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Specific Intensity and Stokes Vector 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Thermal Emission and Brightness Temperature 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Vector Radiative Transfer Equation 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Components in Radiative Transfer Equation 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Scattering, Absorption, and Extinction Coefficients 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Extinction Matrix 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Phase Matrix 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Mueller Matrix Solution 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 First-Order Mueller Matrix Solution 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Modeling of Vegetation Canopy over Rough Surface 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Numerical Examples of Modeling of Vegetation Canopy 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Polarization Indices and Entropy 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Eigen-Analysis of Mueller Matrix 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Relationship between Eigenvalues, Entropy, and Polarization Indices 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Demonstration with AirSAR Imagery 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Statistics of Stokes Parameters 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Multi-Look Covariance Matrix and Complex Wishart Distribution 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 PDFs of the Four Stokes Parameters 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Comparison with AirSAR Image Data 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2A: Phase Matrix of Non-Spherical Particles 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Imaging Simulation of Polarimetric SAR: Mapping and Projection Algorithm 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Fundamentals of SAR Imaging 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Ranging and Pulse Compression 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Synthetic Aperture and Azimuth Focusing 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 SAR Imaging Algorithm 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Mapping and Projection Algorithm 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Mapping and Projection 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Mapping and Projection Algorithm for Fast Computation 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Scattering Models for Terrain Objects 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Speckle Model and Raw Data Generation 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Platform for SAR Simulation 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Simulation of Individual Terrain Objects 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Simulation of Comprehensive Terrain Scene 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Extensions 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Bistatic SAR: Simulation, Processing, and Interpretation 123\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Bistatic Mapping and Projection Algorithm (BI-MPA) 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Configurations of BISAR 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Three-Dimensional Projection and Mapping 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Multiple Scattering Terms 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Scattering Models and Signal Model 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Models of Terrain Objects 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Raw Signal Model for BISAR 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Simulated BISAR Images 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Polarimetric Characteristics of BISAR Image 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Unified Bistatic Polarization Bases 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Raw Signal Processing of Stripmap BISAR 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Approximate Form of the Point Target Response 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Validity Condition and an Iterative Solution 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Extension of Range Doppler Method 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Simulation and Discussion 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Radar Polarimetry and Deorientation Theory 167\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Radar Polarimetry and Target Decomposition 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Polarization Transformation 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Radar Polarimetry 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Target Decomposition 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Deorientation Theory 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Deorientation 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Efficacy of Deorientation 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Terrain Surface Classification 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Terrain Scattering Modeling and Classification Spectrum 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Application to SIR-C Data 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Orientation Analysis 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 5A: Matrix Transformations under Various Conventions 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5a.1 Transformation under Wave Coordinates (FSA) 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5a.2 Transformation under Antenna Coordinates (BSA) 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5a.3 Interconversion between Wave Coordinates (FSA) and Antenna Coordinates (BSA) 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Inversions from Polarimetric SAR Images 215\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Inversion of Digital Elevation Mapping 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 The Shift of Orientation Angle 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Range and Azimuth Angles from Euler Angle Transformation 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 The Azimuth Angle of Every Pixel in a SAR Image 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 An Example of Algorithm Implementation 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Inversion of Bridge Height 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Geometric Rays Projection for Analysis of Bridge Scattering 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 SAR Image Simulation of a Bridge Object 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Inversion of Naruto Bridge Height using Classification Parameters 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Inversion of the Height of Eastern Sea Bridge using ALOS SAR Data 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Automatic Reconstruction of Building Objects from Multi-Aspect SAR Images 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Detection and Extraction of Object Image 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Features of a Simple Building Object in a SAR Image with Meter Resolution 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 CFAR Edge Detection and Ridge Filter Thinning 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Building Image Extraction via Hough Transform 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4 Classification of Building Images 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Building Reconstruction from a Multi-Aspect Image 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Probabilistic Description of Building Image 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Multi-Aspect Coherence of Building Images 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Multi-Aspect Co-Registration 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Automatic Multi-Aspect Reconstruction (AMAR) 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Results and Discussion 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Analysis of Reconstruction Results 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Discussion 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Calibration and Validation of Multi-Aspect SAR Data 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Method 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Experiments 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Faraday Rotation on Polarimetric SAR Image at UHF\/VHF Bands 275\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Faraday Rotation Effect on Terrain Surface Classification 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Faraday Rotation in Plasma Media 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Mueller Matrix with Faraday Rotation 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Recovering the Mueller Matrix with Ambiguity Error p\/ 2 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Method to Eliminate the p\/2 Ambiguity Error 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Change Detection from Multi-Temporal SAR Images 291\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 The 2EM-MRF Algorithm 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 The EM Algorithm 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Two-Thresholds EM Algorithm 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Spatial–Textual Classification based on MRF 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 The 2EM-MRF for Change Detection in an Urban Area 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Change Detection after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Temporal Mueller Matrix for Polarimetric Scattering 311\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Radiative Transfer in Inhomogeneous Random Scattering Media 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Time-Dependent Mueller Matrix for Inhomogeneous Random Media 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Polarimetric Bistatic and Backscattering Pulse Responses 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Pulse Echoes from Lunar Regolith Layer 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Mueller Matrix Solution for Seven Scattering Mechanisms 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Numerical Simulation of Pulse Echoes 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Pulse Echo Images of Lunar Layered Media 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Monitoring Debris and Landslides 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Modeling Debris Flows and Landslides 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Echo Simulation of Nadir Looking Radar 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10A: Some Mathematics Needed in Derivation of Temporal Mueller Matrix 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Fast Computation of Composite Scattering from an Electrically Large Target over a Randomly Rough Surface 351\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Bidirectional Analytic Ray Tracing 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Bidirectional Tracing 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Analytic Tracing 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Rough Facets 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Numerical Results 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Reconstruction of a 3D Complex Target using Downward-Looking Step-Frequency Radar 375\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Principle of 3D Reconstruction 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Principle of Imaging based on Point Scattering 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Imaging Algorithm using 3D Fast Fourier Transform 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Resolution and Sampling Criteria 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Scattering Simulation and 3D Reconstruction 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Model of Square Frustum (Case I) 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Model of Tank-Like Target (Case II) 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Tank-Like Model over Rough Surface (Case III) 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYa-Qiu Jin, Fudan University, China\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eProfessor Jin is Chair Professor and Director of the Key Lab of Wave Scattering and Remote Sensing Information, at Fudan University, Shanghai, China. He is an IEEE Fellow, a Fellow of the Electromagnetics Academy (USA) and CIE as well as being Chair of the IEEE Fellow Evaluation Committee (GRSS), a Member of IEEE GRSS AdCom, and Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFeng Xu, Intelligent Automation, Inc, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eDr. Xu holds the post of Research Scientist at Intelligent Automation, Inc, Rockville, USA. He took his PhD at Fudan University in Shanghai, China and was a postdoctoral researcher at NOAA\/NESDIS, USA, from 2008-2009.\u003c\/p\u003e An essential reference on polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), this book uses scattering theory and radiative transfer theory as a basis for its treatment of topics. It is organized to include theoretical scattering models and SAR data analysis techniques, and presents cutting-edge research on theoretical modeling of terrain surface. The authors include quantitative approaches for remote sensing, such as the analysis of the Mueller matrix solution of random media, and mono-static and bistatic SAR image simulation. Jin and Xu also cover new parameters for unsupervised surface classification, DEM inversion, change detection from multi-temporal SAR images, reconstruction of building objects from multi-aspect SAR images, and polarimetric pulse echoes from multi-layering scatter media. \u003cp\u003eStructured to encourage methodical learning, earlier chapters cover core material, while later sections involve more advanced new topics which are important for researchers. The final chapter completes the book as a reference by covering SAR interferometry, a core topic in the remote sensing community.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book is designed for researchers, engineers and scientists working on polarimetric SAR hardware and software, application developers of SAR and polarimetric SAR, and remote sensing specialists working with SAR data, using ESA, Radarsat and ALOS data. The book is also geared for a number of other related readers:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eUsers of the technology in agriculture, earth science, environmental sciences, forestry, oceanography\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStudents and specialists working in geomatics and using remote sensing data in hazardous areas for earthquakes, landslides, and floods\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eGraduate students in electric engineering, physics, earth and space sciences\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eFeatures theoretical scattering models and SAR data analysis techniques\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExplains the simulation of SAR images for mono- and bi-static radars, covering both qualitative and quantitative information retrieval\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eChapter topics include: theoretical scattering models; SAR data analysis and processing techniques; and theoretical quantitative simulation reconstruction and inversion techniques\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStructured to enable both academic learning and independent study, laying down the foundations first of all before advancing to more complex topics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExperienced author team presents mathematical derivations and figures so that they are easy for readers to understand\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePitched at graduate-level students in electrical engineering, physics, earth and space sciences, as well as researchers\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMATLAB code available for readers to run their own routines\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Wiley-IEEE Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989803548901,"sku":"NP9781118188132","price":167.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118188132.jpg?v=1761785528","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/polarimetric-scattering-and-sar-information-retrieval-isbn-9781118188132","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}