Planning the Twentieth-Century City

This book reveals the complex interplay of planning ideas and practices between local, national and international levels throughout this century.

The book moves from German 'zoning', the aesthetics of grand urban and landscape design from France and the USA, and the utopian English idea of the 'garden city' through to the dynamism of the Asian tiger cities and the environmental ideology of the late 20th century. It creates an international body of knowledge and expertise.

With case material from major cities in Western Europe, North America, Australia and Asia, this book charts the changing centres of influence in planning and identifies the cities which will lead the way in the next century.Dieses Buch erörtert das komplexe Zusammenspiel von Planungsideen und -verfahren zwischen lokaler, nationaler und internationaler Ebene im 20. Jahrhundert. Es beschreibt, wie sich diese Ideen verbreitet haben, wie sie kritisch ausgewählt und auf jeder Ebene angepasst wurden, um so ein internationales Gefüge von Wissen und Erfahrung entstehen zu lassen. Diskutiert wird u.a. die deutsche Zoneneinteilung, die Ästhetik des groß angelegten Stadt- und Landschaftsdesigns in Frankreich und den Vereinigten Staaten sowie die utopische englische Vorstellung einer 'Garden City' im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert bis hin zur besonderen Dynamik der asiatischen 'Tigerstädte' und der Umweltideologie gegen Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts. Anhand einer Fülle von Fallbeispielen von Großstädten in Westeuropa, Nordamerika, Australien und Asien zeichnet der Band die wechselnden Einflusszentren in der Stadtplanung auf und zeigt, welche Städte im 21. Jahrhundert die Führung übernehmen werden.

The Author vii

Acknowledgements ix

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

Chapter 2 Nineteenth-Century Antecedents 11

Chapter 3 The Emergence of Modern Planning 45

Chapter 4 War, Reconstruction and Depression I: The Major Traditions 81

Chapter 5 War, Reconstruction and Depression II: The Other Traditions 127

Chapter 6 Reconstruction and Modernisation I: The Major Traditions 157

Chapter 7 Reconstruction and Modernisation II: The Other Traditions 195

Chapter 8 The Zenith of Modernisation and Beyond I: The Major Traditions 227

Chapter 9 The Zenith of Modernisation and Beyond II: The Other Traditions 271

Chapter 10 Globalisation, Competitiveness and Sustainability I: The Major Traditions 307

Chapter 11 Globalisation, Competitiveness and Sustainability II: The Other Traditions 355

Chapter 12 Conclusions 395

Bibliography 409

Websites 443

Index 445

"..well illustrated international narrative.." (Architectural Review, May 2002)

"...will be very useful as a reference volume enabling teachers and scholars to explore themes in city planning such as garden cities...another strength of the book is the economic, social and political background which is provided as a context for the evolution of ideas and practice..." (Geography, October 2002)

"...something of a tour-de-force...fluently and attractively written...an authoratitve voice on the subject..." (Planning History, 2002) STEPHEN V WARD is Professor of Planning History at Oxford Brookes University. He is also President of the International Planning History Society (1996-2002), and editor of the journal, Planning Perspectives. His previous books include The Geography of Interwar Britain (1988), The Garden City (edited, 1992), Planning and Urban Change (1994) and Selling Places (1998). Planning the 20th-Century City: The Advanced Capitalist World examines the innovation and diffusion of modern urban planning ideas in Western Europe, North America, Japan and Australia during the twentieth century.

Stephen V Ward begins by charting the creativity of the early twentieth century, the broader national agendas for social improvement of the inter-war years, the destruction of war and the high hopes for reconstruction after 1945. He goes on to examine the zenith of comprehensive urban modernisation in the 1960s and 1970s and the weakening of urban planning as market-led political ideologies gained ascendancy in the 1980s. Finally, the book discusses the worldwide emergence of the new planning ideology of sustainable urban development during the 1990s and considers the prospects for the new century.

Drawing on a huge amount of recent international research, this book is richly detailed, with examples from many different countries. Its unique chronological and geographical range makes it an indispensable text for anyone who wants to know more about city planning in the affluent world.