{"product_id":"phytochemical-drug-discovery-for-central-nervous-system-disorders-isbn-9781119794097","title":"Phytochemical Drug Discovery for Central Nervous System Disorders","description":"\u003cb\u003ePHYTOCHEMICAL DRUG DISCOVERY FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnderstand herbal and plant-based treatments for chronic disorders with this groundbreaking work\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDue in part to the aging of the global population, disorders of the central nervous system have become an increasingly grave public health concern in recent years. Demand for pharmaceutical treatments has been correspondingly high, but there are many barriers to the successful development of effective synthetic drugs. Phytomedicines, or plant-based and herbal medicines, have proven to be an effective alternative, boasting lower toxicity and cost and higher efficacy, and one that demands greater research and broader-based practitioner knowledge. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePhytochemical Drug Discovery for Central Nervous System Disorders \u003c\/i\u003emeets this demand with a timely, clearly-structured guide. It thorough coverage presents a wide range of phytochemicals with potential as candidates for drug discovery, describing their sources, properties, and therapeutic efficacy. The result is a vital contribution to the ongoing fight against central nervous system (CNS) disorders. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePhytochemical Drug Discovery for Central Nervous System Disorders \u003c\/i\u003ereaders will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed treatment of CNS-active plant products, neuroprotective chemicals, plant-based nutraceutical products, and more\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eUp-to-date information on FDA-approved drugs and existing plant-based products used to treat CNS disorders\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAn authorial team featuring experts from across the globe\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePhytochemical Drug Discovery for Central Nervous System Disorders \u003c\/i\u003eis essential for drug discovery scientists, drug developers, medicinal chemists, biochemists, and any researchers and professionals in the health care or pharmaceutical industries. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Central Nervous System Disorders and Food and Drug Administration–Approved Drugs 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEstella U. Odoh, Chukwuebuka Egbuna, Chukwuma M. Onyegbulam, Diovu E. Obioma, Linda A. Onugwu, Obinna S. Onugwu, and Mithun Rudrapal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Incidence and Prevalence of Major Neurologic Disorders 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Etiology 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Pathogenesis 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Central Nervous System Disorders and Drugs Approved by the Food and Drug Administration 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Migraine 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Parkinson’s Disease 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Multiple Sclerosis 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Alzheimer’s Disease 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.6 Muscular Dystrophy 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.7 Epilepsy\/Seizure 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Conclusion 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Drug Discovery from Medicinal Plants against Parkinson’s Disease 17\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDunya Al-Duhaidahawi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Misfolding and Aggregation of Proteins 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Mitochondrial Dysfunction 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Neuroinflammation 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.4 Metal Ion Imbalance in the Brain 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.5 Protease-Mediated Degradation Inhibition 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.6 Oxidative Stress 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Natural Dopaminergic Neuroprotective Compounds 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Polyphenols 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.1 Resveratrol 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.2 Sesamin 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.3 Curcumin 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.4 6-Shogaol 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.5 Fustin 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.6 Biochanin A 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.7 Acacetin 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.8 Baicalein 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Nitrogenated Phytochemicals 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Alkaloids 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.1 Tetrahydro Berberine 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.2 Berberine 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.3 Celastrol 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Saponins 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.1 Astragaloside IV 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.2 Ginseng 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Chinese Herbal Medications and Parkinson’s Disease 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Acanthopanax 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Alpinia 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Camellia 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Cassia 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5 Chrysanthemum 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.6 Cistanche 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.7 Gastrodia 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.8 Ginkgo 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.9 Gynostemma 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.10 Paeonia 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.11 Panax 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.12 Polygala 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.13 Polygonum 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.14 Psoralea 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Herbal Medicines from India and Parkinson’s Disease 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Withania somnifera 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Tinospora cordifolia 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Mucuna pruriens 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 European Plants 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 α-Synuclein as a Potential Therapeutic Target 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Phytochemicals Targeting the α-Synuclein Cascade 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Conclusion 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Drug Discovery from Medicinal Plants against Alzheimer’s Disease 43\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMona M. Marzouk, Mai M. Farid, Nesrine M. Hegazi, and Shahira M. Ezzat\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Pathogenesis 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Amyloid Plaques 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Neurofibrillary Tangles 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Synaptic Damage 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 Cholinergic Functions 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.5 Oxidative Stress 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.6 Neuroinflammation 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Treatment Strategies for Alzheimer’s Disease 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Amyloid Hypothesis 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Tau Proteins Hypothesis 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Dendritic Hypothesis 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Cholinergic Hypothesis 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Strategies for 5-HT 6 Obstruction 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 Metabolic Hypothesis 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Medicinal Plants Having Effects against Alzheimer’s Disease 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Medicinal Plants Targeting the Cholinergic System 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Medicinal Plants Targeting Amyloid Beta 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Medicinal Plants Targeting Tau-Related Pathways 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Natural Products with Proven Anti-Alzheimer’s Activity 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Conclusion 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Effects of Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals on Schizophrenia 81\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNithya Rani Raju, S.V. Rashmitha, S. Pavithra, Erika Amparo Torres, M. Kishor, and Raghu Ram Achar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Mechanisms of Action Related to Schizophrenia 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Vesicular Monoamine Transporters 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Dopamine Receptors\/Transporters 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Serotonin Receptors\/Transporters 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Glutamate Transporters 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.5 Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Level\/Receptors 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.6 Genes Related to Schizophrenia 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Ayurvedic Plants Used as Treatment for Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Allium cepa 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Acorus calamus. Linn 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Bacopa monnieri 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Carum carvi 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Celastrus panicutalus 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6 Centella asiatica 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.7 Convolvulus pluricaulis 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.8 Coriandrum sativum 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.9 Cuminum cyminum L. 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.10 Cyperus Rotundus Linn. 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.11 Eclipta alba 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.12 Ficus religiosa 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.13 Glycyrrhiza glabra 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.14 Moringa oleifera 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.15 Nigella sativa 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.16 Piper longum 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.17 Rauwolfia serpentina 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.18 Sesbania grandiflora 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.19 Sphaeranthus indicus 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.20 Tinospora cordifolia 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.21 Valeriana wallichii 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.22 Withania somnifera 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.23 Ziziphus mauritiana 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Conclusion 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Drug Discovery from Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals against Neuropathic Pain 137\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSantwana Palai, Shyam S. Kesh, and Mithun Rudrapal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Animal Models for Studying Neuropathic Pain 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 High-Fat Diet 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Sciatic Nerve Injury 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals against Neuropathic Pain 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Role of Plants and Phytochemicals in Different Neuropathic Pain Models 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Diabetic Neuropathy 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Sciatic Nerve Chronic Constriction Injury 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Other Neuropathic Pain Signaling Pathways 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Future Perspectives 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusion 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Brain Function, Stroke, and Medicinal Herbs 161\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShahira M. Ezzat, Rana Marghany, Nehal El Mahdi, and Mohamed A. Salem\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Brain Function and Stroke 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Strategies for Treatment of Ischemic Stroke 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Neuroprotective Strategy 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1.1 Oxidative Stress Targeting 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1.2 Excitotoxicity Targeting 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1.3 Apoptosis Targeting 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Neurorestorative Strategy 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2.1 Angiogenesis Targeting 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2.2 Neurogenesis Targeting 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Stroke 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Natural Products for the Treatment of Stroke 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Recent Applications of Nanomedicine for Treatment of Stroke 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Conclusion 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Plant-Based Analgesics 181\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGabriel O. Anyanwu and Dorathy O. Anzaku\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Current Analgesic Drugs and Their Mechanisms of Action 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Plant-Derived Lead Compounds with Analgesic Activities 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Saponins and Terpenoids 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Flavonoids 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Alkaloids 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Glycosides 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Analgesic Effects of Medicinal Plants Found in Nigeria 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Limitations of Plant-Based Analgesics 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Future Directions and Perspective for Plant-Based Analgesics 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Conclusion 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals against Depression 203\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNeelma Munir, Ayesha Qamar, Maria Hasnain, Huma Waqif, Maria Hanif, Zirwa Sarwar, and Shagufta Naz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Causes of Depression 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Genetic Factors 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Environmental Factors 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Risk Factors for Depression 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Symptoms of Depression 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Symptoms of Depression in Men 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Symptoms of Depression in Women 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Symptoms of Depression in Children 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Diagnosis of Depression 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Types of Depression 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Major Depressive Disorder 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Persistent Depressive Disorder 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Depression with Psychosis 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4 Depression in Pregnancy 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Treatment of Depression 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Natural Treatment for Depression 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Medicinal Plants as Antidepressants 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2.1 Lavandula officinalis 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2.2 Kaempferia parviflora 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2.3 Asparagus racemosus 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2.4 Passiflora foetida 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2.5 Momordica charantia 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2.6 Bacopa monniera 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2.7 Valeriana officinalis 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2.8 Rhodiola rosea 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2.9 Withania somnifera 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2.10 Matricaria recutita 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2.11 Ginkgo biloba 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Conclusion 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Anti-inflammatory Agents from Medicinal Plants 219\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBui T. Tung, Tran V. Linh, Trinh P. Thao, and Nguyen D. Thuan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Neuroinflammatory Drugs 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Medicinal Plants as Sources of Anti-inflammatory Agents 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Allium sativum 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Azadirachta indica 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Cassia tora 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Euphorbia hirta 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5 Garcinia mangostana 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6 Punica granatum 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.7 Ricinus communis 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.8 Scutellaria baicalensis 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.9 Solanum melongena 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Bioactive Compounds as Anti-inflammatory Agents 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Curcumin 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Eugenol 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Guggulsterone 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.5 Resveratrol 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.6 Thymoquinone 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Conclusion 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Plant-Based Products and Phytochemicals against Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System 251\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSantwana Palai, Shyam S. Kesh, and Mithun Rudrapal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Plant and Phytochemicals as Antiviral Agents for Central Nervous System Viral Infections 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 SARS Cov-2 Virus 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Japanese Encephalitis Virus 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 West Nile Virus 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 Herpes Simplex Virus 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 Rabies Virus 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.7 Varicella Zoster Virus 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.8 Poliomyelitis Virus 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.9 Human Immunodeficiency Virus 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Controlling Vectors of Viral Diseases of the Central Nervous System 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Future Perspectives 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Conclusion 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Fruits and Nutraceuticals for the Prevention and Treatment of Central Nervous System \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eDisorders 273\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAbeer M. A. El Sayed and Chukwuebuka Egbuna\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Fruits for Cognition and Brain Health 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Aegle marmelos 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Citrullus lanatus 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Citrus grandis 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4 Phoenix sylvestris 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.5 Phyllanthus emblica 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.6 Emblica officinalis 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.7 Solanum torvum 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.8 Terminalia chebula 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.9 Blackberries 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.10 Blueberries 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.11 Strawberries 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.12 Raspberries 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.13 Cherries 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.14 Oranges 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.15 Plums 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.16 Prunes 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.17 Red Grapes 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.18 Pomegranates 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Nutraceuticals in Ameliorating Neurodegeneration 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Quercetin and Kaempferol 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Withanine 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Asiatic Acid 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Bhilavanol A and B 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Nutraceuticals in Alzheimer’s Disease 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Flavonoids 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Apigenin 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Genistein, Daidzein, Glycitin 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Resveratrol 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.5 Curcumin 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.6 Carotenoids 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.7 Crocin 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.8 Carnosic Acid and Rosmarinic Acid 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.9 Alkaloids 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Nutraceuticals in Parkinson’s Disease 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Vitamins: Folate, Cobalamin, Pyridoxin 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Nutraceuticals in Depression 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Nutraceuticals in Psychotic Disorders 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Conclusion 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Neurorestorative Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their hytochemicals 291\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBabatunde O. Adetuyi, Kehinde A. Odelade, Grace O. Odine, Oluwatosin A. Adetuyi, Semiloore O. Omowumi, Olubanke O. Ogunlana, and Chukwuebuka Egbuna\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Therapeutic Value of Some Medicinal Plants and their Importance 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Types of Medicinal Plants and Their Uses 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Phytochemicals 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Phytochemical Constituents in Some Medicinal Plants 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Onions 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1.1 Phytochemical Constituents in Onions 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Turmeric 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2.1 Phytochemical Constituents in Turmeric 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Ginger 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3.1 Phytochemical Constituents in Ginger 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Garlic 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4.1 Phytochemical Constituents in Garlic 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 The Brain 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Brain Physiology 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1.1 Neurotransmitters and Receptors 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1.2 Electrical Activity 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1.3 Metabolism 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Functions of the Brain 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2.1 Perception 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Motor Control 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4 Homeostasis 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.5 Motivation 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.6 Learning and Memory 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Brain Conditions 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Protective Effects of Medicinal Plants on the Brain 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.1 Crocus sativus 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.1.1 Medicinal Properties of Crocus sativus 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.2 Nigella sativa 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.2.1 Medicinal Properties of Nigella sativa 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.3 Coriandrum sativum 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.3.1 Medicinal Properties of Coriandrum sativum 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.4 Ferula assafoetida 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.4.1 Medicinal Properties of Ferula assafoetida 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.5 Thymus vulgaris 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.5.1 Medicinal Properties of Thymus vulgaris 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.6 Curcuma longa 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.6.1 Medicinal Properties of Curcuma longa 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Conclusion 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Neurotransmitter Modulation by Phytochemicals 311\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePrachee Dubey and Kanti Bhooshan Pandey\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Sources, Structures, and Classifications of Phytochemicals 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Neurotransmitters and Their Functions 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Modulation of Cholinergic Signaling by Phytochemicals 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Effect of Phytochemicals on Acetylcholinesterase 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Effect of Phytochemicals on GABAergic Signaling 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Effect of Phytochemicals on Glutamatergic Signaling 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Modulation of Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Signaling by Phytochemicals 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Conclusion 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Antipyretic Agents from Plant Origins 327\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKamoru A. Adedokun, Sikiru O. Imodoye, Akeem O. Busari, Malik A. Sanusi, Abdullah Olawuyi, and Maroof G. Oyeniyi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Pyrexia Development, Its Mechanisms, and the Roles of Plant Metabolites as Antipyretics 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.1 Fever Development 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2 Mechanisms of Fever Development 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2.1 Humoral Pathway 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2.2 Neural Pathway 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.3 Roles of Plant Metabolites as Antipyretics 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Antipyretic Agents of Plant Origin 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Arbutus andrachne (Family Ericaceae) 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Berberis spp. (Family Berberidaceae) 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Cassia fistula Linn. (Family Caesalpiniaceae) 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 Crataeva magma (Family Capparidaceae) 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5 Echinops kebericho M. (Family Asteraceae) 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.6 Enicostema littorale (Family Gentianaceae) 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.7 Piper nigrum (Family Piperaceae) 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.8 Viola betonicifolia (Family Violaceace) 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Medicinal Herbs against Central Nervous System Disorders 359\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAhmed Olatunde, Neelma Munir, Godwin Anywar, Maria Hanif, Huma Waqif, Habibu Tijjani, Barbara Sawicka, and Akram Muhammad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Medicinal Plants as Interventions for Central Nervous System Disorders 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Some Medicinal Plants with Neuroprotective Action on Central Nervous System Disorders 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Desmodium adscendens, Cleome rutidosperma, Withania somnifera, and Panax ginseng 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Baccopa monnieri and Rauvolfia serpentina 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Avena sativa and Annona squamosa 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Acorus calamus, Emblica officinalis, and Strychnos nux-vomica 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Some Central Nervous System Disorders and Medicinal Plant Interventions 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Depression 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1.1 Family Amaryllidaceae – Allium cepa 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1.2 Family Plantaginaceae – Bacopa monnieri 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1.3 Family Fabaceae – Glycyrrhiza glabra 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1.4 Family Lamiaceae – Rosmarinus officinalis 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1.5 Family Zingiberaceae – Zingiber officinale 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Epilepsy 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2.1 Family Hypoxidaceae – Hypoxis hemerocallidea 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2.2 Family Piperaceae – Piper methysticum 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2.3 Family Caprifoliaceae – Valeriana officinalis 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2.4 Family Phyllanthaceae – Bridelia micrantha 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2.5 Family Rubiaceae – Sarcocephalus latifolius 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Huntington’s Disease 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3.1 Family Ginkgoaceae – Ginkgo biloba 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3.2 Family Araliaceae – Panax ginseng 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3.3 Family Asteraceae – Calendula officinalis 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3.4 Family Primulaceae – Embelia ribes 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3.5 Family Theaceae – Camellia sinensis 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Some Mechanistic Actions of Medicinal Herbs against Central Nervous System Disorders 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 In Vitro Studies 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 In Vivo Studies 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Conclusion 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Important Antihistaminic Plants and Their Potential Role in Health 385\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSalwa Bouabdallah, Hagar A. Sobhy, Babatunde O. Adetuyi, Omayma A. Eldahshan, and Chukwuebuka Egbuna\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Antihistaminic Plants 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.1 Family Acanthaceae 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.2 Family Amaranthaceae 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.3 Family Amaryllidaceae 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.4 Family Asclepiadaceae 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.5 Family Asteraceae 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.6 Family Caesalpiniaceae 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.7 Family Casuarinaceae 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.8 Family Cruciferae 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.9 Family Cucurbitacea 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.10 Family Euphorbiaceae 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.11 Family Fabaceae 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.12 Family Lamiaceae 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.13 Family Moraceae 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.14 Family Myricaceae 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.15 Family Myrtaceae 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.16 Family Olacaceae 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.17 Family Piperaceae 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.18 Family Poaceae 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.19 Family Polygalaceae 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.20 Family Scrophulariaceae 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.21 Family Verbenaceae 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.22 Family Zygophylaceae 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Bioactive Compounds with Antihistaminic Activities 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Conclusion 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Effect of Plant-Based Anticonvulsant Products and Phytochemicals 397\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMuhammad Akram, Sadia Zafar, Hassan Shah, Zerfishan Riaz, Khawaja S. Ahmad, Muhammad Riaz, Naveed Munir, Muhammad Jahangeer, Imtiaz M. Tahir, Michael P. Okoh, Muhammad A. Ishfaq, David Pérez-Jorge, Vanessa de Andrade Royo, Muhammad M. Aslam, Chukwuebuka Egbuna, and Chukwunonso O. Igboekwe\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Types of Epileptic Seizures 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Basic Mechanisms of Epilepsy 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Epilepsy and Oxidative Stress 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Epilepsy and Inflammation 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Tests for Seizure Induction 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Epilepsy 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Conclusion 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Application of Nanophytomedicine for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders 413\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNilesh Rarokar, Nilambari Gurav, and Shailendra Gurav\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Neurodegenerative Disease and the Blood–Brain Barrier 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.1 Problems Associated with Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.2 Role of the Blood–Brain Barrier 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.3 Blood–Brain Barrier Crossing Mechanism 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.4 Phytomedicine\/Neuroprotective Drugs Reported for Central Nervous System Disorders 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Nano Approaches to Central Nervous System Drug Delivery 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1 Types of Nanocarriers 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1.1 Liposomes 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1.2 Micelles 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1.3 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1.4 Phytosomes 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1.5 Nanosponges 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1.6 Nanoemulsions 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1.7 Dendrimers 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1.8 Nanoparticles 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.2 Techniques\/Preparation\/Methods 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.3 Mechanism of Action of Drug Release 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Nanophytomedicine for Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1 Alzheimer’s Disease 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 Parkinson’s Disease 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.3 Epilepsy 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.4 Stroke 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.5 Huntington’s Disease 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.6 Multiple Necrosis 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.7 Tumors\/Gliomas\/Glioblastomas 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Challenges in Nanophytomedicine 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Conclusion 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 431\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChukwuebuka Egbuna, PhD, \u003c\/b\u003eis Research Biochemist in the Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. He has published extensively on phytochemistry and serves on the editorial boards of several leading journals. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMuthun Rudrapal, PhD, FIC, FICS, CChem, \u003c\/b\u003eis Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology \u0026amp; Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. He has published very widely on pharmaceuticals and related subjects and is the holder of numerous patents.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnderstand herbal and plant-based treatments for chronic disorders with this groundbreaking work\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDue in part to the aging of the global population, disorders of the central nervous system have become an increasingly grave public health concern in recent years. Demand for pharmaceutical treatments has been correspondingly high, but there are many barriers to the successful development of effective synthetic drugs. Phytomedicines, or plant-based and herbal medicines, have proven to be an effective alternative, boasting lower toxicity and cost and higher efficacy, and one that demands greater research and broader-based practitioner knowledge. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePhytochemical Drug Discovery for Central Nervous System Disorders \u003c\/i\u003emeets this demand with a timely, clearly-structured guide. It thorough coverage presents a wide range of phytochemicals with potential as candidates for drug discovery, describing their sources, properties, and therapeutic efficacy. The result is a vital contribution to the ongoing fight against central nervous system (CNS) disorders. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePhytochemical Drug Discovery for Central Nervous System Disorders \u003c\/i\u003ereaders will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed treatment of CNS-active plant products, neuroprotective chemicals, plant-based nutraceutical products, and more\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eUp-to-date information on FDA-approved drugs and existing plant-based products used to treat CNS disorders\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAn authorial team featuring experts from across the globe\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePhytochemical Drug Discovery for Central Nervous System Disorders \u003c\/i\u003eis essential for drug discovery scientists, drug developers, medicinal chemists, biochemists, and any researchers and professionals in the health care or pharmaceutical industries.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989791555813,"sku":"NP9781119794097","price":225.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119794097.jpg?v=1761785483","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/phytochemical-drug-discovery-for-central-nervous-system-disorders-isbn-9781119794097","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}