{"product_id":"pharmacognosy-and-phytochemistry-isbn-9781394203659","title":"Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKey information on plant-based chemical and pharmacology research, from basics and principles through recent technological advances\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePharmacognosy and Phytochemistry\u003c\/i\u003e provides an overview of the basics of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry from early principles through contemporary advances like molecular pharmacognosy. The book covers the classification of crude drugs, complementary and alternative medical (CAM) systems, adulteration and evaluation of drugs, extraction methods of plant drugs, and ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book also reviews the historical overview, therapeutic application, cultural and ecological dimensions of plant-based medicines. Other key chapters discuss biotechnology and clinical pharmacognosy. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten by a group of expert contributors, \u003ci\u003ePharmacognosy and Phytochemistry\u003c\/i\u003e reviews sample topics including: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethodologies for extracting bioactive compounds and techniques to perform qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTherapeutic potential of plant secondary metabolites and the processes of isolation, purification, and characterization of herbal drugs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiological screening methods and biosynthetic pathways of phytopharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical aids, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, pesticides, and allergens\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparative phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, and the emerging field of marine pharmacognosy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombining traditional knowledge with modern advancements to provide a holistic understanding of two important fields, \u003ci\u003ePharmacognosy and Phytochemistry\u003c\/i\u003e serves as an excellent resource for students, researchers, and practitioners. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Historical Overview of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMona M. Marzouk, Mai M. Farid, Rana M. Merghany, Shahira M. Ezzat\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction to Pharmacognosy 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Historical Development of Pharmacognosy 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Development of Pharmacognosy in the Modern Era 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 The Relevance of Pharmacognosy in Pharmacological Research on Herbal Medicinal Products 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Taxonomy and Botanical Authenticity 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Phytochemistry – An Expanded Role in Traditional Medicine (History and Progress in Drug Discovery) 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Recent Progress in Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Conclusion 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Classification of Crude Drugs of Natural Origin 17\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eVishal S. Bagul, Piyush S. Bafna, Deepak M. Patil, Rakesh E. Mutha\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Botanical Classification 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Morphological Classification 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Chemical Classification 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Pharmacological Classification 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Taxonomical Classification 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Chemotaxonomical Classification 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Geographical Classification 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Traditional and Cultural Classification 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Modern Analytical Techniques in Classification 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Challenges in Classification 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Future Perspectives 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 Conclusion 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Folk Medicine as a Source of Therapeutically Important Drugs: Evidence from Ethnobotanical Investigations 43\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMoses Sam Arul Raj, Mohan Kalaskar, Shailendra Gurav, Muniappan Ayyanar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Traditional Medical Systems 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Importance of Ethnobotanical Research in Drug Discovery 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Biological Activity of Medicinal Plants 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Conclusions 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Systems 67\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAkshay M. Baheti, Arti G. Swami, Manasi R. Nimbalkar, Ranjit Nimbalkar, Anil T. Pawar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Ayurveda System 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Unani System 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Siddha System 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Homeopathy System 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Conclusion 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Cultivation, Collection, and Preparation of Plant Drugs 83\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMohan Kalaskar, Muniappan Ayyanar, Nilambari Gurav, Sanjay J. Surana\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 History 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Cultivation 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Factors Affecting Cultivation 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Good Agricultural Practice 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Good Collection Practices for Medicinal Plants 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Processing of Medicinal Plants 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Storage and Packaging 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Sample Record for Cultivated Medicinal Plants 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Voluntary Certification Scheme for Medicinal Plant Produce in Indian Scenario 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Adulteration and Evaluation of Crude Drugs of Natural Origin 101\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePopat Mohite, Abhijeet Puri\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Adulteration of Herbal Drugs 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Types of Adulteration 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Adulteration in Medicinal Plants 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Methods of Detection of Adulterants and Evaluation of Medicinal Herbs 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Analytical Techniques in the Detection and Evaluation of Adulterants 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Challenges in Detection of Adulterants 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Methods of Extraction 121\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMohan Kalaskar, Santosh U. Yele, Muniappan Ayyanar, Nilambari Gurav, Vishal Beldar, Sanjay J. Surana\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Ideal Properties of Solvent 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Solvents for Extraction 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Factor Affecting Extraction Methods 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Mechanism of Extraction 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Methods of Extraction 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Qualitative and Quantitative Methods of Phytochemical Analysis 143\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMughisha Nagori, Devyani Rajput, Gajendra Choudhary, Rakhi Khabiya\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Phytochemical Screening Through Chemical Test 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Quantitative Methods of Phytochemical Analysis 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Analytical Techniques In Phytochemical Analysis 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Conclusion 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Modern Analytical Techniques for Quality Control and Chemical Identification of Phytochemicals 167\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRakesh E. Mutha, Mohan Kalaskar, Zamir G. Khan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Spectroscopic Techniques 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Mass Spectrometry 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Hyphenated Techniques 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Chemometric Tools and Data Analysis 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Advanced Technologies 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Challenges and Future Perspectives 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Conclusion 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Classification and Therapeutic Applications of Plant Secondary Metabolites 189\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAmna Javed, Muhammad Saad Hashmi, Uzma Javaid, Rahima Amjad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Classification of PSMs 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Biosynthetic Pathways 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Environmental Factors Affecting PSMs 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Genetic Factors Affecting PSMs 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Role of Enzymes in Plant Secondary Metabolite Production 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 PSMs Therapeutic Applications 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Safety and Toxicity Considerations 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Standardization of Herbal Medicine Using PSMs 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Conclusion 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Isolation, Fractionation, and Purification of Natural Products 207\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRushikesh P. Said, Jineetkumar B. Gawad, Mohan Kalaskar, Nilambari Gurav, Vishal Gokul Beldar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Extraction 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Extraction Methods\/ Technique 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Fractionation Techniques 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Purification 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Pharmacological Screening of Drugs from Natural Sources 235\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJayesh D. Kadam, Adaeze L. Onugwu, Yogesh A. Kulkarni\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Pharmacological Approaches 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Conclusion 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Biosynthetic Pathways of Phytopharmaceuticals 255\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePoonam Nilesh Chougule\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Introduction to Primary and Secondary Metabolites 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 General Metabolic\/Synthetic Pathway Which Shows from CO2 to Different Primary and Secondary Metabolite Formation 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Enzymes 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Role of Enzymes in Biosynthetic Pathways 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Other Structural Modifications 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Shikimic Acid Pathway for Biosynthesis of Aromatic Amino Acids 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Acetate Mevalonate Pathway for Biosynthesis of Terpenes 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Biosynthesis of Aliphatic Amino Acids 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Acetate Mevalonate Pathways for Biosynthesis of Fatty Acyl-CoA 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Pharmaceutical Aids of Natural Origin 273\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSantosh Yele, Ashwini Deshpande, Kanchan Salgar, Mohan Kalaskar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Some Industrially Important Pharmaceutical Aids 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Conclusion 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals 297\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eCharulata T. Nemade, Nayana S. Baste, Manisha M. Bihani, Shilpa S. Raut\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Nutraceuticals 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Cosmeceuticals 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Synergies Between Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Regulatory Considerations 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Future Trends and Innovations 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Conclusion 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Pesticides and Allergens 315\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShatabdi Ghose, Bedanta Bhattacharjee, Damanbhalang Rynjah, Damiki Laloo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Natural Pesticide\/Biopesticides and Natural Anti-Allergens: Source, Bioactive Substances and Applications 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Pharmacological Mechanism and Toxicity Profile of Some Common Natural Pesticides and Anti-allergens 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Global Market Surveillance of Biopesticides and Anti-allergens 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Commercial Production and Formulations of Natural Pesticides and Anti-allergens 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Regulatory Aspects for Quality Control of Pesticides and Anti-allergens 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Future Prospects and Opportunities 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConflict of Interest 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunding 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Comparative Phytochemistry and Chemotaxonomy 333\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePrathamesh A. Marne, Anil T. Pawar, Amol A. Tagalpallewar, Akshay M. Baheti\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Chemotaxonomy 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Chemical Markers in Chemotaxonomy 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Methods in Chemotaxonomy 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Phytochemical Approach in Chemotaxonomy 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Limitations of Chemotaxonomy 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Conclusion 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Medicinal Plant Biotechnology 347\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnil T. Pawar, Amol A. Tagalpallewar, Manasi Mishra, Arti G. Swami, Akshay M. Baheti\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Plant Tissue Culture 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology) 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Conclusion 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Marine Pharmacognosy 371\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMamta Kumari, Piyushkumar Sadhu, Niyati Shah, Chitrali Talele\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Marine Ecosystems and Biodiversity 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Bioactive Compounds from Marine Microorganisms 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Marine Algae and Their Medicinal Potential 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Marine Invertebrates and Its Bioactive 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Extraction Process and Characterization Techniques 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Pharmacological Activities of Marine-derived Compounds 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8 Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Marine Microorganisms 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9 Marketed Marine Drug Product 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.10 Future Prospects 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.11 Conclusion 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Molecular Pharmacognosy 395\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePiyushkumar Sadhu, Mamta Kumari, Ghanshyam Parmar, Chitrali Talele\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Molecular Biology Techniques in Pharmacognosy 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Molecular Genetics and Genomics of Medicinal Plants 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 PTC of Medicinal Plants 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Molecular Biosynthesis and Metabolomics of Medicinal Plants 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology of Medicinal Plants 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 Mechanism of Action, Efficacy, and Toxicity of Plant-derived Drugs 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 Conclusion and Future Prospects 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Clinical Pharmacognosy 421\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJayesh D. Kadam, Sandip T. Auti\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Pharmacognosy 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Clinical Pharmacognosy 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Clinical Studies on Botanicals and Dietary Supplements 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Clinical Pharmacokinetics 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Phytoequivalence 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Future Prospects of Clinical Pharmacognosy 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.8 Conclusion 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 443\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUchenna E. Odoh, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is a Professor of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicine at the Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicine in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eShailendra S. Gurav, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is a Professor of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry at the Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry in the Goa College of Pharmacy at Goa University, India. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMichael O. Chukwuma, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is a Lecturer at the Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicine at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKey information on plant-based chemical and pharmacology research, from basics and principles through recent technological advances\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePharmacognosy and Phytochemistry\u003c\/i\u003e provides an overview of the basics of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry from early principles through contemporary advances like molecular pharmacognosy. The book covers the classification of crude drugs, complementary and alternative medical (CAM) systems, adulteration and evaluation of drugs, extraction methods of plant drugs, and ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book also reviews the historical overview, therapeutic application, cultural and ecological dimensions of plant-based medicines. Other key chapters discuss biotechnology and clinical pharmacognosy. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten by a group of expert contributors, \u003ci\u003ePharmacognosy and Phytochemistry\u003c\/i\u003e reviews sample topics including: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethodologies for extracting bioactive compounds and techniques to perform qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTherapeutic potential of plant secondary metabolites and the processes of isolation, purification, and characterization of herbal drugs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiological screening methods and biosynthetic pathways of phytopharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical aids, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, pesticides, and allergens\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparative phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, and the emerging field of marine pharmacognosy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombining traditional knowledge with modern advancements to provide a holistic understanding of two important fields, \u003ci\u003ePharmacognosy and Phytochemistry\u003c\/i\u003e serves as an excellent resource for students, researchers, and practitioners.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989773238501,"sku":"NP9781394203659","price":235.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781394203659.jpg?v=1761785423","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/pharmacognosy-and-phytochemistry-isbn-9781394203659","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}