Museum Transformations

MUSEUM TRANSFORMATIONS DECOLONIZATION AND DEMOCRATIZATION

Edited By ANNIE E. COOMBES AND RUTH B. PHILLIPS

Museum Transformations: Decolonization and Democratization addresses contemporary approaches to decolonization, greater democratization, and revisionist narratives in museum exhibition and program development around the world. The text explores how museums of art, history, and ethnography responded to deconstructive critiques from activists and poststructuralist and postcolonial theorists, and provided models for change to other types of museums and heritage sites.

The volume's first set of essays discuss the role of the museum in the narration of difficult histories, and how altering the social attitudes and political structures that enable oppression requires the recognition of past histories of political and racial oppression and colonization in museums. Subsequent essays consider the museum's new roles in social action and discuss experimental projects that work to change power dynamics within institutions and leverage digital technology and new media.

International Handbooks of Museum Studies ist ein mehrbändiges Referenzwerk, das die aktuellen Entwicklungen im Fachbereich Museumsstudien beleuchtet. Essays international führender etablierter und neuer Museumsexperten betrachten sämtliche relevante Aspekte, wie Museumstheorie, Umsetzung in der Praxis, kontroverse Themen, Debatten und Auswirkung neuer Technologien. Die vier thematisch gegliederten Bände behandeln ausführlich alle Themen rund um die Museumstheorie, die historische und heutige Umsetzung der verschiedenen Ansätze, das Zusammenspiel von Kunst, Design und Architektur sowie die Herausforderungen von Museen vor dem Hintergrund von Transformationsprozessen. Neben wertvollen Studien zur heutigen wissenschaftlichen Forschung enthält das Referenzwerk unzählige Beispiele und Fallstudien, die die verschiedenen Ansätze veranschaulichen. Das mehrbändige Werk International Handbooks of Museum Studies ist ein Muss für alle, die sich mit der Entwicklung, Rolle und Bedeutung von Museen in der heutigen Gesellschaft beschäftigen.

List of Illustrations ix

Editors xiii

General Editors xiv

Contributors xv

Editors’ Preface to Museum Transformations and The International Handbooks of Museum Studies xvii

Introduction: Museums in Transformation: Dynamics of Democratization and Decolonization xxv
Annie E. Coombes and Ruth B. Phillips

Part I Difficult Histories 1

1. The Holocaust Memorial in Berlin and Its Information Center: Concepts, Controversies, Reactions 3
Sibylle Quack

2. Ghosts of Future Nations, or The Uses of the Holocaust Museum Paradigm in India 29
Kavita Singh

3. The International Difficult Histories Boom, the Democratization of History, and the National Museum of Australia 61
Bain Attwood

4. Where are the Children? and “We Were So Far Away …”: Exhibiting the Legacies of Residential Schools, Healing, and Reconciliation 85
Jonathan Dewar

5. Recirculating Images of the “Terrorist” in Postcolonial Museums: The Case of the National Museum of Struggle in Nicosia, Cyprus 113
Gabriel Koureas

6. Reactivating the Colonial Collection: Exhibition-Making as Creative Process at the Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam 133
Mary Bouquet

7. “Congo As It is?”: Curatorial Reflections on Using Spatial Urban History in the Memory of Congo: The Colonial Era Exhibition 157
Johan Lagae

8. Between the Archive and the Monument: Memory Museums in Postdictatorship Argentina and Chile 181
Jens Andermann

9. The Gender of Memory in Postapartheid South Africa: The Women’s Jail as Heritage Site 207
Annie E. Coombes

Part II Social Agency and the Museum 227

10. An Ethnography of Repatriation: Engagements with Erromango, Vanuatu 229
Lissant Bolton

11. Of Heritage and Hesitation: Reflections on the Melanesian Art Project at the British Museum 249
Nicholas Thomas

12. The Blackfoot Shirts Project: “Our Ancestors Have Come to Visit” 263
Alison K. Brown and Laura Peers

13. “Get to Know Your World”: An Interview with Jim Enote, Director of the A:shiwi A:wan Museum and Heritage Center in Zuni, New Mexico 289
Gwyneira Isaac

14. The Paro Manene Project: Exhibiting and Researching Photographic Histories in Western Kenya 311
Christopher Morton and Gilbert Oteyo

15. Reanimating Cultural Heritage: Digital Curatorship, Knowledge Networks, and Social Transformation in Sierra Leone 337
Paul Basu

16. On Not Looking: Economies of Visuality in Digital Museums 365
Kimberly Christen

17. Preserving the Physical Object in Changing Cultural Contexts 387
Miriam Clavir

Part III Museum Experiments 413

18. The Last Frontier: Migratory Culture, Video, and Exhibiting without Voyeurism 415
Mieke Bal

19. Public Art/Private Lives: The Making of Hotel Yeoville 439
Tegan Bristow, Terry Kurgan and Alexander Opper

20. Museums, Women, and the Web 471
Reesa Greenberg

21. Möbius Museology: Curating and Critiquing the Multiversity Galleries at the Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia 489
Jennifer Kramer

22. When You Were Mine: (Re)Telling History at the National Museum of the American Indian 511
Paul Chaat Smith

23. Against the Edifice Complex: Vivan Sundaram’s History Project and the Colonial Museum in India 527
Saloni Mathur

24. Can National Museums be Postcolonial?: The Canadian Museum for Human Rights and the Obligation of Redress to First Nations 545
Ruth B. Phillips

Index 575

ANNIE E. COOMBES is Professor of Material and Visual Culture at Birkbeck, University of London, UK, where she teaches museum studies and art and cultural history. She is Director of the Peltz Gallery and author of award-winning books on museums, memorialization, and the legacy of colonialism.

RUTH B. PHILLIPS is Canada Research Professor of Art History at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. She has served as director of the University of British Columbia Museum of Anthropology and teaches and publishes on Indigenous North American art and critical museology.

MUSEUM TRANSFORMATIONS DECOLONIZATION AND DEMOCRATIZATION

Edited By ANNIE E. COOMBES AND RUTH B. PHILLIPS

Museum Transformations: Decolonization and Democratization addresses contemporary approaches to decolonization, greater democratization, and revisionist narratives in museum exhibition and program development around the world. The text explores how museums of art, history, and ethnography responded to deconstructive critiques from activists and poststructuralist and postcolonial theorists, and provided models for change to other types of museums and heritage sites.

The volume's first set of essays discuss the role of the museum in the narration of difficult histories, and how altering the social attitudes and political structures that enable oppression requires the recognition of past histories of political and racial oppression and colonization in museums. Subsequent essays consider the museum's new roles in social action and discuss experimental projects that work to change power dynamics within institutions and leverage digital technology and new media.

THE INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOKS OF MUSEUM STUDIES General Editors: Sharon Macdonald and Helen Rees Leahy

The International Handbooks of Museum Studies is a multi-volume reference work that represents a state-of-the-art survey of the burgeoning field of museum studies. Featuring original essays by leading international museum experts and emerging scholars, readings cover all aspects of museum theory, practice, debates, and the impact of technologies. The four volumes in the series, divided thematically, offer in-depth treatment of all major issues relating to museum theory; historical and contemporary museum practice; mediations in art, design, and architecture; and the transformations and challenges confronting the museum. In addition to invaluable surveys of current scholarship, the entries include a rich and diverse panoply of examples and original case studies to illuminate the various perspectives. Unprecedented for its in-depth topic coverage and breadth of scholarship, the multi-volume International Handbooks of Museum Studies is an indispensable resource for the study of the development, roles, and significance of museums in contemporary society.

SHARON MACDONALD is Professor of Social Anthropology in the Institute of European Ethnology, Humboldt-Üniversität zu Berlin, where she also directs the CARMAH, the Centre for Anthropological Research on Museums and Heritage.

HELEN REES LEAHY is Professor Emerita of the University of Manchester, where she was Director of the Centre for Museology from 2002–2017.