{"product_id":"mri-physics-isbn-9781119615026","title":"MRI Physics","description":"\u003cb\u003eMRI\u003c\/b\u003e PHYSICS \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMRI\u003c\/b\u003e PHYSICS\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTECH TO TECH EXPLANATIONS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTechnologists must have a solid understanding of the physics behind Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), including safety, the hows and whys of the quantum physics of the MR phenomenon, and how to competently operate MRI scanners. Generating the highest quality images of the human body involves thorough knowledge of scanner hardware, pulse sequences, image contrast, geometric parameters, and tissue suppression techniques.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMRI Physics: Tech to Tech Explanations\u003c\/i\u003e is designed to help student MRI technologists and radiotherapists preparing for Advanced MRI certification examinations to better understand difficult concepts and topics in a quick and easy manner.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten by a highly experienced technologist, this useful guide provides clear and reader-friendly coverage of what every MR Technologist needs to know. Topics include safety considerations associated with the magnetic field and RF, pulse sequences, artifacts, MRI math, the much-feared gradients, and I.V. contrast.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProvides basic guidance on safety considerations, protocols options, critical thinking, and image contrast optimization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSimplifies the challenging topic of MRI physics using straightforward language and clear explanations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers content for American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) and Continuing Qualifications Requirements (CQR) exams\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFeatures numerous illustrations and photographs of various MRI concepts, pulse sequence design, artifacts, and the application of concepts in clinical settings\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMRI Physics: Tech to Tech Explanations\u003c\/i\u003e is a must-have resource for the experienced and training MRI technologist, medical students, and radiology residency rotations.Das Werk MRI Physics: Tech to Tech Explanations soll angehenden MRT-Spezialisten und Strahlentherapeuten, die sich auf die Prüfungen zur MRT-Zertifizierung vorbereiten, dabei helfen, schwierige Konzepte und Themen schnell und einfach zu verstehen.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Der nützliche Leitfaden wurde von einem sehr erfahrenen Technologen verfasst und erklärt in einer klaren und leserfreundlichen Weise, was jeder MRT-Spezialist wissen muss. Zu den Themen des Buchs zählen Sicherheitsaspekte im Zusammenhang mit Magnetfeld und Hochfrequenz, Pulssequenzen, Artefakte, MRT-Mathematik, die besonders schwierigen Gradienten und IV-Kontrastmittel.\u003cbr\u003e * Grundlegende Hinweise zu Sicherheitsfragen, Protokolloptionen, kritischem Denken und Bildkontrastoptimierung\u003cbr\u003e * Einfache Darstellung des anspruchsvollen Themas MRT-Physik durch klare Sprache und verständliche Erklärungen\u003cbr\u003e * Prüfungsrelevante Inhalte für die Prüfungen der American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARTT) und Continuing Qualifications Requirements (CQR)\u003cbr\u003e * Mit zahlreichen Illustrationen und Fotos zu verschiedenen MRT-Konzepten, Pulssequenz-Design, Artefakten und der Anwendung der Konzepte im klinischen Umfeld \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the Author xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eHardware: Magnet Types and Coils 15\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnets 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoils 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Basics 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy the Hydrogen Molecule? 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Net Magnetization Vector 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMRI is a Sequence of Events 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFree Induction Decay (FID) 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelaxation 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProton Density 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImage Contrast 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe IQ Triangle: Contrast, SNR, Resolution 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB0 and B1 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFree and Bound Protons 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eImage Weighting 47\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere Does Image Weighting Come From? 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime of Repetition (TR) 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime of Echo (TE) 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTE and TR 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Different TR Ranges for Different Field Strengths? 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Does TR Control T1? 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Does TR Affect? 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpreting the T1 Relaxation Curve 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime of Repetition: Effects of the TR 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTE: The T1 and T2 of it 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpreting the T2 Relaxation Curve 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of TE on Image Contrast 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Do the Lines on the Curves Really Mean Anyway? 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne Last Weighting Triangle 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eT1 and T2 Contrast Review 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction to the Basic Pulse Sequences 69\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is a Pulse Sequence? 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpin Echo (SE) 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGradient Echo\/Gradient Recalled Echo (GRE) 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLine Diagram Anatomy 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Ernst Angle 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eMulti Echo Spin Echo Sequence 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to \u003ci\u003ek\u003c\/i\u003e-Space 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ek\u003c\/i\u003e-Space: Phase Encoding 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith FSE, Watch the Speed Limit! 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ek-\u003c\/i\u003eSpace, ETL, and Image Contrast 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFilling \u003ci\u003ek\u003c\/i\u003e-Space 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePros and Cons of FSE 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother Way to View T2* and 180\u003csup\u003e°\u003c\/sup\u003es 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere Do Relaxation and Decay Curves Come From? 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA T2* Curve Compared to the T2 Curve 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetal Artifact Reduction (MARS) 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDriven Equilibrium: A “Forced T1” 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3D FSE: CUBE\/SPACE\/VISTA 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle Shot FSE\/HASTE 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eTissue Suppression 105\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTissue Saturation versus Suppression 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInversion Recovery – Part One: STIR 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInversion Recovery: STIR with Vectors 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInversion Recovery Part Two: T2 FLAIR 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIR Sequences: T1 and T2 FLAIR 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIR Weightings: STIR, T1 and T2 FLAIR 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInversion Recovery – Part Two 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Rupture View 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTissue Saturation: Chemical Shift 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Saturation at Low Fields 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTissue Saturation: SPAIR and SPIR 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Dixon Technique 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Excitation 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSaturation Pulses or Bands 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubtractions 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnetization Transfer 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIR Prepped Sequences 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow is an RF Pulse Selective or Non-Selective? 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Excitation Sequences 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Gradient Echo Sequence 145\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGRE Sequence Structure 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhase Dispersion and Gradient Reversal 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalog to Digital Converter (ADC) 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGRE Sequence Image Weighting 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Different Kinds of T2 Relaxation 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe GRE Weighting Triangle 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGRE and SE Differences 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent Gradient Echo Types 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn and Out of Phase TEs 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Phase\/Out of Phase at 1.5 T 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eGradient Echo Magnetic Resonance Angiography 167\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime of Flight MRA 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTOF Angiography: Two Golden Rules 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of MRA Sequences 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTOF Concept in MRA versus MRV 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2D versus 3D 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2D TOF MRAs 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3D TOF MRAs 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn-Plane Saturation 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn-Plane Saturation Avoidance 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnetization Transfer (MT) 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptions for Better MRAs 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhase Contrast MRA 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003ek\u003c\/i\u003e-Space 191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is Fourier Transform? 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ek\u003c\/i\u003e-Space Filling 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eEcho Planar Sequences 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiffusion Weighted Imaging 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiffusion Tensor Imaging or White Matter Tractography 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSusceptibility Weighted Imaging 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrain Perfusion 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArterial Spin Labeling 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpectroscopy 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eGeometric Parameters: Trade-offs and Effects on Image Quality 231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eField of View (FOV) Is Your Film Size 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNex, ACQ, NSA, and SNR 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScan Matrix 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency Matrix 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcho Train Length 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcho Spacing 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcho Train Balancing 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlice Thickness and Slice Gap 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFractional Echo 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBandwidth 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRectangular (Rec.) FOV 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo Phase Wrap\/Phase Oversampling\/Fold-Over Suppression 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcatenations or Acquisitions 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSequential Order Acquisition 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eImage Artifacts 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotion 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlow Artifact\/Phase Mis-registration 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRF Artifacts 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWrap\/Aliasing\/Fold-over Artifact 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGibbs Artifact (Ringing\/Truncation) 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Shift Artifact 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCross-talk 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCross-excitation 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGradient Warp or Distortion 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetal Artifacts 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorduroy Artifact 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnnifact 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoiré Fringe Artifact or Zebra Artifact 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnetic Susceptibility Artifact 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDielectric Effect or Standing Wave 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagic Angle Artifact 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eGradients 295\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Gradients 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogical Gradients 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eMRI Math 313\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Larmor Equation: W\u003csub\u003e0\u003c\/sub\u003e = γB\u003csub\u003e0\u003c\/sub\u003e 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcquisitions or Nex or NSA 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScan Time Equations 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePixel Size and Voxel Volume 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to Convert Hz per Pixel to MHz 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn and Out of Phase TEs 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDixon Method or Technique 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSNR and the 3D Sequence 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eParallel Imaging 325\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParallel Imaging: What Is It? 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen and Where to Use the Speed 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParallel Imaging: How Does It Work? 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParallel Imaging: Pros and Cons 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eIV Gadolinium 335\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy We Use Gad 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Does Gad Shorten the T1 of Tissues? 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Blood–Brain Barrier 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost Contrast T2 FLAIR Imaging 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImaging Gadolinium 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEovist\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003e 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 389 \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStephen J. Powers\u003c\/b\u003e, BSRT (R), (CT), (MR) is currently an MR Technologist for South Coast Hospital Systems in the USA, and former MRI Clinical Applications Specialist for General Electric Health Care. Stephen has over twenty years of classroom, lecture and clinical instructor experience.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMRI\u003c\/b\u003e PHYSICS\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTECH TO TECH EXPLANATIONS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTechnologists must have a solid understanding of the physics behind Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), including safety, the hows and whys of the quantum physics of the MR phenomenon, and how to competently operate MRI scanners. Generating the highest quality images of the human body involves thorough knowledge of scanner hardware, pulse sequences, image contrast, geometric parameters, and tissue suppression techniques.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMRI Physics: Tech to Tech Explanations\u003c\/i\u003e is designed to help student MRI technologists and radiotherapists preparing for Advanced MRI certification examinations to better understand difficult concepts and topics in a quick and easy manner.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten by a highly experienced technologist, this useful guide provides clear and reader-friendly coverage of what every MR Technologist needs to know. Topics include safety considerations associated with the magnetic field and RF, pulse sequences, artifacts, MRI math, the much-feared gradients, and I.V. contrast.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProvides basic guidance on safety considerations, protocols options, critical thinking, and image contrast optimization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSimplifies the challenging topic of MRI physics using straightforward language and clear explanations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers content for American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) and Continuing Qualifications Requirements (CQR) exams\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFeatures numerous illustrations and photographs of various MRI concepts, pulse sequence design, artifacts, and the application of concepts in clinical settings\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMRI Physics: Tech to Tech Explanations\u003c\/i\u003e is a must-have resource for the experienced and training MRI technologist, medical students, and radiology residency rotations.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989657665765,"sku":"NP9781119615026","price":44.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119615026.jpg?v=1761784988","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/mri-physics-isbn-9781119615026","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}