{"product_id":"mineral-trioxide-aggregate-isbn-9781118401286","title":"Mineral Trioxide Aggregate","description":"\u003cp\u003eMineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was developed more than 20 years ago to seal the pathways of communication of the root canal system. It’s currently the preferred material used by endodontists because of its superior properties such as its seal and biocompatibility that significantly improves outcomes of endodontic treatments.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Dr. Torabinejad, who was the principle investigator of the dental applications of MTA, and leading authorities on this subject provide a clinically focused reference detailing the properties and uses of MTA, including vital pulp therapy (pulp capping, pulpotomy), apexification, pulp regeneration, repair of root perforations, root end filling and root canal filling. Line illustrations and clinical photographs show proper technique. An accompanying website features photographs and video presentations for selected procedures using MTA.\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: Properties and Clinical Applications\u003c\/i\u003e is an ideal book for dental students and endodontic residents learning procedures for the first time as well as practicing dentists and endodontists who would like to improve outcomes of endodontic treatments.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eContributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Pulp and Periradicular Pathways, Pathosis, and Closure 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMahmoud Torabinejad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulp and Periradicular Pathways 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Pathways 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApical foramen 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral canals 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentinal tubules 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathological and Iatrogenic Pathways 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDental caries 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of microorganisms 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot perforations 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot perforations during access preparation 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot perforations during cleaning and shaping 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot perforations during post space preparations 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical fracture 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriradicular Pathosis 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInflammatory process of periradicular lesions 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaterials to Seal the Pathways to the Root Canal System and the Periodontium 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Chemical Properties of MTA 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDavid W. Berzins\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA Composition 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePortland cement 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of bismuth oxide and gypsum 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA powder morphology 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrace elements and compounds 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting Reactions 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting time 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaturation 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors that affect setting: additives and accelerants 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of water and moisture 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteraction with environment 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of Reaction Zones 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Physical Properties of MTA 37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRicardo Caicedo and Lawrence Gettleman\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epH 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolubility 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting Expansion 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiopacity 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVarious Types of Strength 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompressive strength 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlexural strength 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShear strength 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePush-out strength 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShear bond strength 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrohardness 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor and Aesthetics 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysicochemical Properties 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 MTA in Vital Pulp Therapy 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eTill Dammaschke, Joe H. Camp, and George Bogen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvantages 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulp Responses to Capping Materials 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineral Trioxide Aggregate 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiochemical properties 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMode of action in pulp capping and pulpotomy 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison with calcium hydroxide 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulpotomy in Primary Teeth 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA Pulpotomy 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary teeth 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmature permanent teeth 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymptomatic permanent teeth 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulp Capping in Teeth Diagnosed with Reversible Pulpitis 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment Considerations 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisadvantages 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Management of Teeth with Necrotic Pulps and Open Apices 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eShahrokh Shabahang and David E. Witherspoon\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis in Immature Teeth 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of Treating Immature Teeth 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfection Control in Immature Teeth 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApexification 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium Hydroxide Apexification Therapy: Outcomes 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Vital Pulp Therapy 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot-end closure via the use of apical barriers 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineral trioxide aggregate apical plug 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnical placement 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutcomes 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Regenerative Endodontics (Revitalization\/Revascularization) 141\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMahmoud Torabinejad, Robert P. Corr, and George T.-J. Huang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRevascularization after Replantation and Autotransplantation 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRevitalization of Nonvital-Infected Teeth in Animals 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Evidence for Revitalization in Nonvital-Infected Teeth in Humans 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotential Role of Stem Cells in Canal Tissue Generation and Regeneration 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of DPSCs and SCAP in revitalization and regenerative endodontic treatments 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScaffolds and growth factors for regenerative endodontics (Revitalization) 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Procedures for Pulp Revitalization 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst appointment 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecond appointment 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical and radiographic follow-up 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Use of MTA as Root Perforation Repair 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMahmoud Torabinejad and Ron Lemon\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Perforation Defects 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess preparation-related perforations 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCleaning and shaping related (“strip”) perforations 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResorption-related perforations (internal\/external) 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors Influencing Prognosis for Repair 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSize of perforation 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocation of the perforation 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulp Chamber Perforations 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEtiologies 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevention 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecognition and treatment of pulp chamber perforations 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral surface repairs 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurcation repairs 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot Perforations During Cleaning and Shaping 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoronal root perforations 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses, indicators and prevention 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrognosis 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral perforations 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses and indicators 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of mid-root perforation 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrognosis 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApical perforations 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses and indicators 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrognosis 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot Perforation during Post Space preparation 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses, indicators and prevention 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrognosis 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime elapsed since perforation 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechniques for Internal Repair Using MTA 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethod 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 MTA Root Canal Obturation 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eGeorge Bogen, Ingrid Lawaty, and Nicholas Chandler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharactertics\/Properties 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms of action in obturation 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticle size 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydration products and pH 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormation of interstitial layer 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFracture resistance 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability and setting expansion 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications\/Uses 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConventional obturation 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetreatment 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObturation prior to surgery 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObturation with perforation repair 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApexification using MTA obturation 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObturation for dental anomalies 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObturation Techniques 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard compaction technique 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLawaty technique 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuger technique 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestorative Considerations 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrawbacks 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealers 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZinc oxide–eugenol sealers 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium hydroxide sealers 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpoxy resin-based sealers 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlass ionomer sealers 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicone-based sealers 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoblock sealer systems 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium silicate-based sealers 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Root-End Fillings Using MTA 251\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eSeung-Ho Baek and Su-Jung Shin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction of Root-End Filling Materials 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurpose of root-end fillings 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of Root-End Filling Materials 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmalgam 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZOE-based materials: IRM and SuperEBA 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResin-based materials: Retroplast and Geristore 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGray vs. White MTA 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNew types of MTA-like cements 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRequirements of Ideal Root-End Filling Materials 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvantages and disadvantages of MTA as a root-end filling material 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvantages of MTA 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisadvantages of MTA 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA as a Root-End Filling Material 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCytotoxicity and biocompatibility 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBioactivity 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealability 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial effect 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Applications of MTA 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetropreparation and root-end filling 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCavity preparation for MTA root-end filling 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixing procedure 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods for placement of MTA 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical outcomes 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Calcium Silicate–Based Cements 281\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMasoud Parirokh and Mahmoud Torabinejad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePortland Cement (PC) 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activity 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn vivo investigations 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical applications 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimitations 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAngelus MTA 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activity 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility properties 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell structure studies 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraosseous implantation 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn vivo investigations 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical applications 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBioaggregate (BA) 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activity 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiodentine (BD) 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility and clinical applications 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eiRoot 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) Cement 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activities 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin test and subcutaneous implantation 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraosseous implantation 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn vivo investigations 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical investigations 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA Fillapex 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activities 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndo-CPM 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activity 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn vivo investigations 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCimento Endodontico Rapido (CER) 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndosequence 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activities 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndoSequence BC Sealer 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProRoot Endo Sealer 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA Plus 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrtho MTA 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA Bio 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA Sealer (MTAS) 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical compositions and physical properties 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluoride-Doped MTA Cement 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapasio 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenerex A 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture study 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCeramicrete-D 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNano-Modified MTA (NMTA) 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLight-Cured MTA 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium Silicate (CS) 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndocem 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture study 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Experimental MTA Lookalike Mixtures 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eMahmoud Torabinejad, DMD, MSD, PhD\u003c\/b\u003e, is Professor of Endodontics and Director of the Advanced Specialty Education Program in Endodontics at Loma Linda University School of Dentistry in Loma Linda, California. As a researcher and international lecturer on dental and endodontic issues and procedures, Dr. Torabinejad has made over 200 national and international presentations in more than 40 countries. In addition to co-authoring three textbooks in nonsurgical and surgical endodontics, he has authored more than 300 publications on various endodontic and dental topics. As a researcher, he is the top -cited author in endodontic journals, with authorship in 16 articles of the top 100 list. Dr. Torabinejad was the principle investigator in the applications of MTA in dental procedures.  Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was developed more than 20 years ago to seal the pathways of communication of the root canal system. It’s currently the preferred material used by endodontists because of its superior properties such as its seal and biocompatibility that significantly improves outcomes of endodontic treatments.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Dr. Torabinejad, who was the principle investigator of the dental applications of MTA, and leading authorities on this subject provide a clinically focused reference detailing the properties and uses of MTA, including vital pulp therapy (pulp capping, pulpotomy), apexification, pulp regeneration, repair of root perforations, root end filling and root canal filling. Line illustrations and clinical photographs show proper technique. An accompanying website features photographs and video presentations for selected procedures using MTA.\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: Properties and Clinical Applications\u003c\/i\u003e is an ideal book for dental students and endodontic residents learning procedures for the first time as well as practicing dentists and endodontists who would like to improve outcomes of endodontic treatments.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Features\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eThe authoritative reference on MTA developed by experts on MTA.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDescriptions of MTA’s properties and its clinical uses in endodontic procedures\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWebsite with video demonstrations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989630566629,"sku":"NP9781118401286","price":144.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118401286.jpg?v=1761784880","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/mineral-trioxide-aggregate-isbn-9781118401286","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}