{"product_id":"microbial-physiology-isbn-9781683673675","title":"Microbial Physiology","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eUNITY AND DIVERSITY \u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExplore the fascinating world of microbes\u003c\/b\u003e in \u003ci\u003eMicrobial Physiology: Unity and Diversity. \u003c\/i\u003eThis comprehensive, advanced undergraduate-level textbook takes readers on a captivating journey through the intricate and often underappreciated world of microbial physiology, emphasizing both the common features that unify microbes and the diversity that makes them unique.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn \u003cb\u003ePart I: Unity, \u003c\/b\u003e the book lays a strong foundation in the basics of microbial physiology. Delve into the three domains of life, get an intimate look at the metabolic pathways that fuel the microbial world, and take a deep dive into the cellular components that constitute a microbe. Further, explore the principles of cellular growth, bioenergetics, and the mechanics of respiration and fermentation. The Unity section concludes with a comprehensive discussion of regulation at posttranslational and gene levels, paving the way for a rich understanding of microbial function.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II: Diversity, \u003c\/b\u003e takes the reader into the broad and versatile world of microbial metabolism, exploring the range of energy sources and metabolic pathways microbes employ. This section leads readers through topics such as autotrophy, phototrophy, chemotrophy, and microbial contributions to the carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles. The complexity of microbial cell envelope structures, transport processes, and protein transport are explored, along with bacterial motility, chemotaxis, and the phenomenon of quorum sensing. The section concludes with an exploration of stress responses and the diverse lifestyles that bacteria can adopt.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cb\u003eMicrobial Physiology: Unity and Diversity\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e will engage readers with its accessible yet thorough treatment of this critical field of microbiology. Each chapter contains detailed illustrations that concisely explain complex topics and concludes with robust end-of-chapter questions that not only test understanding but also provide an opportunity for readers to dig deeper into the content. This book is a must-have for students studying microbiology, as well as researchers and professionals keen to brush up their knowledge or explore new facets of microbial physiology. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Authors xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I: Unity 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Microbial Phylogeny—The Three Domains of Life 5\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Three Branches of Life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 16S\/18S rRNA Gene as a Basis for Phylogenetic Comparisons 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Modern Molecular Phylogenetic Tree of Life 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetics and Earth History 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Metabolic Unity—Generation of Biosynthetic Precursors 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Purpose of Central Metabolism 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 12 Essential Precursors 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) Pathway\/Glycolysis 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure and Energy Exchange of Key Coenzymes 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControlling the Direction of Carbon Flow during Glycolysis 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Entner-Doudoroff (ED) Pathway 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Transition Reaction: Carbon Flow into the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnaplerotic Reactions 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Branched or Incomplete Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Pathway 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Glyoxylate Cycle 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReversing Carbon Flow from the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle to the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) Pathway 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Cellular Components—What’s In a Cell 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimating Molecular Concentrations 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiologically Relevant Protein Concentrations 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasuring Enzyme Activity: Basic Principles of Enzyme Assays 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMichaelis-Menten Kinetics 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudying the Proteome 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Physiological Role and Composition of Cellular RNA 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Physiological Role and Composition of Cellular DNA 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudying the Genome and the Transcriptome 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Cellular Growth 73\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods to Monitor Bacterial Growth 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Phases of Bacterial Growth in Batch Culture 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRequirements for Microbial Growth 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiauxic Growth 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExponential Growth Kinetics 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemostats 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of Stationary-Phase Cells 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProteins Important for Cell Shape and Cell Division 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChromosome Segregation 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Bioenergetics and the Proton Motive Force 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCellular Mechanisms for ATP Synthesis 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemiosmotic Theory 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eATP Synthase 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Proton Motive Force (PMF) 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuantifying the Proton Motive Force 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCellular Proton Levels 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Impacts on the Proton Motive Force (PMF) 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimentally Measuring the Proton Motive Force (PMF) 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Respiration and Fermentation 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Basic Components of an Electron Transport Chain (ETC) 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrode\/Reduction Potential (\u003ci\u003eE\u003c\/i\u003e0′) 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrief Review of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in Mitochondria 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQ Cycle of Mitochondria 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacterial Electron Transport Chains (ETCs) 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQ Loop of Bacteria 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectron Donors and Acceptors in Bacteria 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFermentation 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Regulation—Posttranslational Control 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportance of Regulatory Processes 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAllosteric Regulation of Enzymes 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAllosteric Regulation of Branched Pathways 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovalent Modifications 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosttranslational Regulation in the Sugar Phosphotransferase System (PTS) 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Gene Regulation—Transcription Initiation and Posttranscriptional Control 147\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranscription Terminology 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacterial Transcription Initiation and Elongation 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacterial Transcription Termination 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulatory cis- and trans-Acting Elements Impacting Transcription 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of Different Promoter Structures 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranscriptional Regulation of the lac Operon 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActivation and Repression by the Global Regulator Cra 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttenuation 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosttranscriptional Regulation 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods Used to Study Gene Regulation 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods to Demonstrate Protein–DNA Interactions 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterlude: From Unity to Diversity 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetabolic Diversity 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal Nutrient Cycles 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructural and Regulatory Diversity of Microbes 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II: Diversity 183\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Autotrophy 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutotrophy 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalvin Cycle 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReductive Tricarboxylic Acid (rTCA) Cycle 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReductive Acetyl-CoA Pathway 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3-Hydroxypropionate (3HP) Bi-cycle 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3-Hydroxypropionate-4-Hydroxybutyrate (3HP-4HB) and Dicarboxylate-4-Hydroxybutyrate (DC-4HB) Cycles 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy So Many CO2 Fixation Pathways? 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Phototrophy 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhototrophy 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChlorophyll-Based Phototrophy 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCellular Structures Needed for Phototrophy: Light-Harvesting Complexes, Reaction Centers, and Unique Membrane Organizations 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygenic Photoautotrophy in the Cyanobacteria 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnaerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophy in the Phototrophic Purple Sulfur and Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnaerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophy in the Chlorobi and Chloroflexi (Green Sulfur and Green Nonsulfur Bacteria, Respectively) 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnaerobic Anoxygenic Photoheterotrophy in the Firmicutes 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophy 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetinal-Based Phototrophy 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Chemotrophy in the Carbon and Sulfur Cycles 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Carbon Cycle 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Chemoorganotrophic Degradation of Polymers 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Chemoorganotrophic Degradation of Aromatic Acids 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemoorganotrophy in Escherichia coli 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemolithoautotrophy 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemolithoautotrophy in Methanogens 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethylotrophy Enables Cycling of One-Carbon (C1) Compounds 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne-Carbon (C1) Chemolithotrophy in Acetogens 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Sulfur Cycle 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemoheterotrophy and Chemolithoautotrophy in the Sulfur Cycle: Sulfate Reducers 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemolithoautotrophy in the Sulfur Cycle: Sulfur Oxidizers 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Anaerobic Food Web and Syntrophy 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Microbial Contributions to the Nitrogen Cycle 275\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of the Nitrogen Cycle 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrogen Fixation 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiochemistry of Nitrogen Fixation 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation of Nitrogen Fixation 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymbiotic Plant-Microbe Interactions during Nitrogen Fixation 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssimilatory Nitrate Reduction 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmmonia Assimilation into Cellular Biomass 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrification: Ammonia Oxidation, Nitrite Oxidation, and Comammox 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnammox: Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDenitrification 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Structure and Function of the Cell Envelope 303\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFundamental Structure of the Cytoplasmic Membrane 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariation in Cytoplasmic Membranes 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransport across Cytoplasmic Membranes 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell Wall Structures 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGram-Negative Outer Membrane 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriplasm 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Extracellular Layers 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Transport and Localization of Proteins and Cell Envelope Macromolecules 333\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Cytoplasmic Membrane Protein Transport Systems 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecretory (Sec)-Dependent Protein Transport System 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Secretory (Sec)-Dependent Protein Transport Process 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignal Recognition Particle (SRP)-Dependent Protein Transport Process 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwin-Arginine Translocation (Tat) Protein Transport Process 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegration of Cytoplasmic Membrane Proteins 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGram-Negative Bacterial Outer Membrane Protein Secretion Systems 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecretory (Sec)- and Twin-Arginine Translocation (Tat)-Dependent Protein Secretion Systems 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecretory (Sec)-Independent and Mixed-Mechanism Protein Secretion Systems 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportance of Disulfide Bonds 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransport and Localization of Other Cell Envelope Components 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Microbial Motility and Chemotaxis 363\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotility in Microorganisms 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacterial Flagella and Swimming Motility 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation of Flagellar Synthesis in Escherichia coli 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanism of Swimming Motility 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArchaeal Flagella 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacterial Surface Motility 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemotaxis 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConservation and Variation in Chemotaxis Systems among Bacteria and Archaea 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods to Study Bacterial Motility and Chemotaxis 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Quorum Sensing 389\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFundamentals of Quorum Sensing 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuorum Sensing and Bioluminescence in the Vibrio fischeri-Squid Symbiosis 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic Model of Quorum Sensing in Gram-Negative Proteobacteria 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic Model of Quorum Sensing in Gram-Positive Bacteria 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterspecies Communication: the LuxS System 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulatory Cascade Controlling Quorum Sensing in Vibrio cholerae 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuorum Quenching 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Stress Responses 415\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxidative Stress 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeat Shock Response 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSporulation 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Lifestyles Involving Bacterial Differentiation 441\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Connections 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Simple Model for Bacterial Cellular Differentiation: Caulobacter crescentus 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferentiation in Filamentous Cyanobacterial Species 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Cycle of Filamentous Spore-Forming Streptomyces: An Example of Bacterial Multicellularity 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Cycle of Myxobacteria: Predatory Spore-Forming Social Bacteria 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiofilms: The Typical State of Microorganisms in the Environment 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnn M. Stevens,\u003c\/b\u003e Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJayna L. Ditty,\u003c\/b\u003e Professor and Associate Dean of College of Arts and Sciences, University of St. Thomas.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRebecca E. Parales,\u003c\/b\u003e Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSusan M. Merkel,\u003c\/b\u003e Associate Director of the CALS Office of Academic Programs, Cornell University.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eUNITY AND DIVERSITY \u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExplore the fascinating world of microbes\u003c\/b\u003e in \u003ci\u003eMicrobial Physiology: Unity and Diversity. \u003c\/i\u003eThis comprehensive, advanced undergraduate-level textbook takes readers on a captivating journey through the intricate and often underappreciated world of microbial physiology, emphasizing both the common features that unify microbes and the diversity that makes them unique.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn \u003cb\u003ePart I: Unity, \u003c\/b\u003e the book lays a strong foundation in the basics of microbial physiology. Delve into the three domains of life, get an intimate look at the metabolic pathways that fuel the microbial world, and take a deep dive into the cellular components that constitute a microbe. Further, explore the principles of cellular growth, bioenergetics, and the mechanics of respiration and fermentation. The Unity section concludes with a comprehensive discussion of regulation at posttranslational and gene levels, paving the way for a rich understanding of microbial function.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II: Diversity, \u003c\/b\u003e takes the reader into the broad and versatile world of microbial metabolism, exploring the range of energy sources and metabolic pathways microbes employ. This section leads readers through topics such as autotrophy, phototrophy, chemotrophy, and microbial contributions to the carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles. The complexity of microbial cell envelope structures, transport processes, and protein transport are explored, along with bacterial motility, chemotaxis, and the phenomenon of quorum sensing. The section concludes with an exploration of stress responses and the diverse lifestyles that bacteria can adopt.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cb\u003eMicrobial Physiology: Unity and Diversity\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e will engage readers with its accessible yet thorough treatment of this critical field of microbiology. Each chapter contains detailed illustrations that concisely explain complex topics and concludes with robust end-of-chapter questions that not only test understanding but also provide an opportunity for readers to dig deeper into the content. This book is a must-have for students studying microbiology, as well as researchers and professionals keen to brush up their knowledge or explore new facets of microbial physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ASM Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989619163365,"sku":"NP9781683673675","price":97.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781683673675.jpg?v=1761784835","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/microbial-physiology-isbn-9781683673675","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}