Mencius

Mencius was one of the great philosophers of ancient China, second only in influence to Confucius, whose teachings he defended and expanded. The Mencius, in which he recounts his dialogues with kings, dukes and military men, as well as other philosophers, is one of the Four Books that make up the essential Confucian corpus. It takes up Confucius's theories of jen, or goodness and yi, righteousness, explaining that the individual can achieve harmony with mankind and the universe by perfecting his innate moral nature and acting with benevolence and justice. Mencius' strikingly modern views on the duties of subjects and their rulers or the evils of war, created a Confucian orthodoxy that has remained intact since the third century BCE. 

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Further Reading

Mencius

Book I·Part A
Book I·Part B
Book II·Part A
Book II·Part B
Book III·Part A
Book III·Part B
Book IV·Part A
Book IV·Part B
Book V·Part A
Book V·Part B
Book VI·Part A
Book VI·Part B
Book VII·Part A
Book VII·Part B

Aooendix 1: The Dating of Events in the Life of Mencius
Appendix 2: Early Traditions about Mencius
Appendix 3: The Text of the Mencius
Appendix 4: Ancient History as Understood by Mencius
Appendix 5: On Mencius' Use of the Method of Analogy in Argument
Textual Notes
Glossary of Personal and Place Names

Mencius (372-298 BC) was one of the greatest Chinese philosophers, focusing on political theory and practice. Mencius, like Confucius, believed that rulers were divinely placed in order to guarantee peace and order among the people they rule. Unlike Confucius, Mencius believed that if a ruler failed to bring peace and order about, then the people could be absolved of all loyalty to that ruler and were justified to revolt.

D. C. Lau is a Professor at the University of Hong Kong.