{"product_id":"local-anaesthesia-in-dentistry-isbn-9781405184366","title":"Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry","description":"\u003ci\u003eLocal Anaesthesia in Dentistry\u003c\/i\u003e is a practical guide for both students and general practitioners to this essential area of clinical practice.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003eHighly illustrated in full colour throughout, the book provides clear and practical guidance to the administration of local anaesthesia. The book introduces the reader to the concept of nerve conduction and pain as well as providing an explanation of the anatomy of the trigeminal nerve. Further chapters cover such key areas of practice as regional anaesthesia, local anaesthesia in children, pharmacology, local and systemic complications, general practical aspects, the prevention of side effects and legal aspects.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEditors and authors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEditors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDedication xiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction: a short history of local anaesthesia xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Pain and impulse conduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Pain receptors 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Nerve impulse transmission 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 The structure of the peripheral nerve 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Impulse formation 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Impulse conduction and transfer 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Modulation of the impulse 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Perception of pain 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Nociception in the orofacial area 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Anatomy of the trigeminal nerve 15\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The central part of the trigeminal nerve 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Origin 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Trigeminal nuclei 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 The peripheral part of the trigeminal nerve 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Ophthalmic nerve 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Maxillary nerve 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Mandibular nerve 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Deep areas 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Pterygopalatine fossa 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Infratemporal fossa and pterygomandibular space 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Pharmacology of local anaesthetics 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Classification 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Pharmacodynamics 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Pharmacokinetics 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Physical–chemical characteristics 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Diffusion 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Mode of action of local anaesthetics 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Protein binding 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Onset time and duration of action 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.6 Local elimination 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.7 Systemic elimination 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Additives to local anaesthetics 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Vasoconstrictors 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Preservatives 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Additives to topical anaesthetics 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 General practical aspects 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Use of local anaesthetics 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Indications and contraindications 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Instruments 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Cartridges 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Needles 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 The syringe 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Topical anaesthesia 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Position of the patient and dentist 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Verification of effectiveness 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Local anaesthesia in the upper jaw 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Incisors and canines 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Anatomical aspects 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Indication 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Technique 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Premolars 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Anatomical aspects 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Indication 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Technique 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Molars 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Anatomical aspects 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Indication 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Technique 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 The impacted third molar of the upper jaw 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Anatomical aspects 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Indication 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Technique 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Local anaesthesia in the lower jaw 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Incisors and canines 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Anatomical aspects 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Indication 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Technique 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Premolars 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Anatomical aspects 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Indication 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Technical aspects 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 The direct and indirect technique 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Molars 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Anatomical aspects 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Indication 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Technique 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Third molars in the lower jaw 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Anatomical aspects 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Indication 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Technique 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Additional anaesthetic techniques 87\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Maxillary nerve block 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 High tuberosity anaesthesia 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Greater palatine foramen block 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Infraorbital nerve block 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Nasopalatine nerve block 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Mental nerve block 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Gow-Gates technique 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Local anaesthesia for children 97\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Experience of pain and fear in children 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Security and support 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Preparation for anaesthesia 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Child-friendly procedure 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Warning 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Techniques 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Topical anaesthesia 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Infiltration anaesthesia 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Mandibular block anaesthesia 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Intraligamental anaesthesia 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Microprocessor-controlled anaesthesia 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.6 Amount of anaesthetic fluid for children 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Observation of the child 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Complications of mandibular block anaesthesia 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Local complications 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Needle breakage 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Pain during administration 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Insufficient anaesthesia 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Excessive spread of anaesthesia 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Iatrogenic damage and self-inflicted damage of anaesthetised tissues 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Persistent sensitivity disorders 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Skin paleness (‘blanching’) 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Tissue necrosis 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Haematoma formation and trismus 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Infection 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Systemic complications 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Vasovagal collapse 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Hyperventilation syndrome 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Toxicity 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Effects on the central nervous system 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Cardiovascular effects 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Treatment of toxic reactions 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Systemic effects of vasoconstrictors 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Allergic reactions 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Immediate hypersensitivity reactions 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Delayed hypersensitivity reactions 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 Treatment of allergic reactions 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4 Strategy for suspected allergy 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Prevention of side effects 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Patients at risk 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Cardiovascular disease 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Hypertension 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Cerebrovascular accident 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Increased bleeding tendency 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Liver diseases 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Diabetes mellitus 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Hyperthyroidism 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Hypoproteinaemia 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Pregnancy 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Use of medication 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Legal aspects of local anaesthesia 149\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Judges and courts 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Competency to give local anaesthesia 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 General and local anaesthesia given by the dentist 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Local anaesthesia given by paramedics 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Liability 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 A damaged nerve following anaesthesia: informed consent 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 No anaesthesia given, faulty injection or insufficient anaesthesia 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Application of anaesthesia and general medical complications: record-keeping 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Insufficient caution during injection 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Avoiding legal problems in the use of local anaesthesia 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 163\u003c\/p\u003e \"Overall, this book provides a comprehensive reference for all aspects of local anesthesia in dentistry. It is extremely well laid out and easy to read; the main text is presented in a logical manner with important points highlighted in boxes. The numerous illustrations and diagrams should make this book an attractive option for all clinicians looking to improve their knowledge and techniques in this essential area of clinical dentistry.\" (British Dental Journal, 26 November 2010)  \u003cb\u003eJ.A. Baart\u003c\/b\u003e, Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands. For more than three decades, Dr Baart has taught the dental students of ACTA in oral and maxillofacial surgery and the practical aspects of the administration of local anaesthetics. He now coordinates the course “Introduction to local anaesthesia” at ACTA.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eH.S. Brand\u003c\/b\u003e, Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery \u0026amp; Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Since 1996, Dr Brand has taught on the “side-effects of local anaesthetics”. He coordinated the course “Introduction to local anaesthesia” at ACTA for several years.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ci\u003eLocal Anaesthesia in Dentistry\u003c\/i\u003e is a practical guide for both students and general practitioners to this essential area of clinical practice.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003eHighly illustrated in full colour throughout, the book provides clear and practical guidance to the administration of local anaesthesia. The book introduces the reader to the concept of nerve conduction and pain as well as providing an explanation of the anatomy of the trigeminal nerve. Further chapters cover such key areas of practice as regional anaesthesia, local anaesthesia in children, pharmacology, local and systemic complications, general practical aspects, the prevention of side effects and legal aspects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989539373285,"sku":"NP9781405184366","price":60.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781405184366.jpg?v=1761784515","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/local-anaesthesia-in-dentistry-isbn-9781405184366","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}