Land Degradation in Mediterranean Environments of the World

Written by specialist and regional contributors, this invaluablebook provides an integrated, up-to-date, geographical assessment ofland degradation in the world's Mediterranean regions.

Land degradation is the alteration of the natural (or biophysical)environment by human actions, causing detrimental effects to thevegetation, soils, landforms, water and ecosystems. Part One ofthis book comprises a brief geography of the Mediterranean climateregions - the Mediterranean basin, California, central Chile, theSouthwest Cape and Southern Australia, providing a context forParts Two and Three. The second section discusses the nature,extent, history, causes and implications of land degradation in theregions. Major problems include soil, vegetation and waterdegradation, fire, drought, flooding and sedimentation. Historicaland contemporary human responses to these problems are alsoconsidered and at times become part of the problem. Solutions -actual and potential - are evaluated in the third section andinclude those dealing with animals, cultivation, horticulture,engineering-type practices, agroforestry, whole farm planning,integrated catchment management and regional planning.

Throughout there is an emphasis on the distinctive nature of theMediterranean-type environments - especially the seasonally, hot,dry climates, the species-rich and highly inflammable vegetation,steep topography and coastal orientations - and the ways in whichthese environments interact with human populations with theircontrasting histories and cultures to result in a special set ofenvironmental problems and response. THE NATURE OF THE WORLD'S MEDITERRANEAN-TYPE ENVIRONMENTS

Iberian Peninsul and Balearic Islands

The South of France and Corsica

Italy

The Croatian Adriatic Coast

Greece

The Eastern Mediterranean

North Africa

Greater California

Chile

The Southwestern Cape of South Africa

Southern Australia

PROBLEMS OF LAND DEGRADATION

Introduction

The Main Problems of Land Degradation: Their Nature, Extent andSeverity: 1. Erosion and Soil Deterioration, Flooding, VegetationLoss and Degradation

The Main Problems of Land Degradation: Their Nature, Extent andSeverity: 2. Drought, Water Shortages, and Water Quality, and otherForms of Degradation

The Historical Development of Land Degradation in the MediterraneanWorld

The Causes of Land Degradation 1. The Nature of the BiophysicalEnvironment

The Causes of Land Degradation 2. Vegetation Clearing andAgricultural Practices

The Causes of Land Degradation 3. Other Human Actions

Some Broader Implications of Land Degradation

SOLUTIONS TO LAND DEGRADATION

Introduction

Solutions dealing with Animals, Cultivation and HorticulturalPractices

Technical Solutions

Vegetation-Related Solutions

Economic, Social, Agency and Policy Solutions. 1. The MediterraneanBasin

Economic, Social, Agency and Policy Solutions 2. The NewWorld

Summary and Conclusions "... it is a valuable piece of work and we recommend it as areference book for any institution's library." EnvironmentalConservation

"This is an impressive work of reference and will be much-used asdebates about desertification and land degradation continue. Thereis much detail, mapping and compilation of statistical information.... this is a splended item of co-operative scholarship andacademic synthesis of a huge amount of information, which otherwisewould be unavailable to students and development practitionersalike." Biodiversity and Conservation

".. this book is a valuable source of material and worth its placein university and college libraries." Progress in PhysicalGeography Arthur J. ConacherUniversity of Western Australia, Australia and Maria Sala University of Barcelona, Spain The book is an integrated geographical assessment of land degradation in the world?s Mediterranean regions. Part I, written by specialist contributors, comprises a brief geography of the Mediterranean-climate regions - the Mediterranean basin, California, central Chile, the Southwest Cape and southern Australia - to provide a context for Parts II and III. Material written by the regional contributors has been compiled into an integrated set of thematic chapters for these major sections. Part II discusses the nature, extent, history, causes and implications of land degradation in the regions. Major problems include soil, vegetation and water degradation, fire, drought, flooding and sedimentation. Historical and contemporary human responses to these problems are also considered and indeed at times become part of the problem. Solutions - actual and potential -are evaluated in Part III, and include those dealing with animals, cultivation, horticulture, engineering-type practices, agro-forestry, whole farm planning, integrated catchment management and regional planning. Throughout there is an emphasis on the distinctive nature of the Mediterranean-type environments - especially the seasonally hot, dry climates, the species-rich and highly inflammable vegetation, steep topography and coastal orientations - and the ways in which these environments interact with human populations with their contrasting histories and cultures to result in a special set of environmental problems and responses.