{"product_id":"introduction-to-personality-isbn-9780470087657","title":"Introduction to Personality","description":"This Eighth Edition reflects the new developments within personality psychology, and gives the student a picture of the field as a cumulative, integrative science that builds on its rich past and now allows a much more coherent view of the whole functioning individual in the social world. This revision, subtitled: \u003ci\u003eToward an Integrative Science of the Person\u003c\/i\u003e, is committed to making that integration, and its practical applications and personal relevance to everyday life, even more clear and compelling for our students.  \u003cp\u003eIn this new edition the focus is placed on distilling how findings at each of the six major levels of analysis of personality (trait-disposition, biological, psychodynamic-motivational, behavioral-conditioning, phenomenological-humanistic, and social-cognitive) still speak to and inform each other, and how they add to the current state of the science and its continuing growth.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface and Text Organization v\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Orientation to Personality 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is Personality Psychology? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheory and Levels of Analysis in Personality Psychology 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevels of Analysis: Organization of this Book 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Data, Methods, and Tools 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy a Science of Personality?: Beyond Hindsight Understanding 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Range of Personality-Relevant Measures 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConceptual and Methodological Tools 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstablishing Relationships Among Observations 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliability and Validity of Observations and Measures 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Experimental Approach 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthics in Personality Research 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I The Trait-Dispositional Level\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrelude to Part I: The Trait-Dispositional Level 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Types and Traits 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes and Traits 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrait Theorists 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Features of Trait Theories 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaxonomy of Human Attributes 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvidence and Issues 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 The Expressions of Dispositions 72\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraits, Situations, and the Personality Paradox 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorporating Situations into Traits 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteractionism in Personality Psychology 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking Stock Part I: The Trait-Dispositional Level 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview: Focus, Concepts, Methods 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnduring Contributions of the Trait-Dispositional Level 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II The Biological Level\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrelude to Part II: The Biological Level 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Heredity and Personality 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic Bases of Personality 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwin Studies 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene–Environment Interaction 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Brain, Evolution, and Personality 124\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrain–Personality Links 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological Assessment and Change 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolutionary Theory and Personality 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking Stock Part II: The Biological Level of Analysis 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview: Focus, Concepts, Methods 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnduring Contributions of the Biological Level 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III The Psychodynamic-motivational Level\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrelude to Part III: the Psychodynamic-Motivational Level 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Psychodynamic Theories: Freud’ Conceptions 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic Assumptions: Unconscious Mental Determinism 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychic Structure: Anatomy of the Mind 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConflict, Anxiety, and Psychodynamics 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurosis 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonality Development 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpact of Freud’s Theories 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Psychodynamic Applications and Processes 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications to Personality Assessment 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMurray, the Harvard Personologists, and Higher Motives 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment and Change 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychodynamic Processes: Anxiety and the Unconscious 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrent View of Unconscious Processes: the Adaptive Unconscious 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatterns of Defense: Individual Differences in Cognitive Avoidance 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Post-Freudian Psychodynamics 209\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToward Ego Psychology and the Self 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Personality Development 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObject Relations Theory and the Self 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttachment: The Roots of Object Relations 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking Stock Part III: The Psychodynamic Level 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview: Focus, Concepts, Methods 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnduring Contributions of the Psychodynamic Level 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV The Behavioral-Conditioning Level\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrelude to Part IV: The Behavioral-Conditioning Level 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Behavioral Conceptions 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Behavioral Approach to Psychodynamics: Dollard and Miller 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecasting Conflict in Learning Terms 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassical Conditioning: Learning Emotional Associations 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperant (Instrumental) Conditioning: B.F. Skinner’s Contributions 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Analyzing and Modifying Behavior 270\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of Behavioral Assessments 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect Behavior Measurement 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing Conditions Controlling Behavior 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanging Emotional Reactions 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanging Behavior 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking Stock Part IV: The Behavioral-Conditoning Level 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview: Focus, Concepts, Methods 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnduring Contributions of the Behavioral-Conditioning Level 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart V The Phenomenological-humanistic Level\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrelude to Part V: The Phenomenological-Humanistic Level 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Phenomenological-Humanistic Conceptions 297\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Phenomenological-Humanistic Perspectives 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarl Rogers’s Self Theory 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeorge Kelly’s Psychology of Personal Constructs 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Themes and Issues 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 The Internal View 323\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Internal Experience 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnhancing Self-Awareness: Accessing One’s Experiences 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChange and Well-Being 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking Stock Part V: The Phenomenological-Humanistic Level 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview: Focus, Concepts, Methods 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnduring Contributions of the Phenomenological-Humanistic Level 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart VI The Social Cognitive Level\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrelude to Part VI: the Social Cognitive Level 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 Social Cognitive Conceptions 349\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of the Social Cognitive Level 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlbert Bandura: Social Learning Theory 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Cognitive Reconceptualization of Personality: Walter Mischel 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonality Assessment 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonality Change and Therapy 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Themes 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15 Social Cognitive Processes 379\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciples of Social Cognition Applied to Personality 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Self 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerceived Efficacy, Helplessness, and Mastery 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking Stock Part VI: The Social Cognitive Level 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview: Focus, Concepts, Methods 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnduring Contributions of the Social Cognitive Level 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart VII Integration of Levels: The Person as a Whole \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrelude to Part VII: Integration of Levels 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16 The Personality System: Integrating the Levels 409\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat has to be Integrated?: Contributions from Each Level 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToward Integration: Characteristics of the Personality System 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Personality System in Action 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17 Self-Regulation: From Goal Pursuit to Goal Attainment 437\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of Contributions to Self-Regulation from Each Level 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Regulatory Processes in Goal Pursuit 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Regulation in Approach (Appetitive) Dilemmas 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Regulation in Avoidance (Aversive) Dilemmas 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteraction of Hot and Cool Systems in Self-Regulation 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18 Personality In Its Social Context and Culture 466\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCulture and Personality 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender and Sex Differences 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteracting Influences on Personality Development 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Develops?: the Evolving Self 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Terms 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking Stock Part VII: Integration of Levels: The Person as a Whole 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProspects for Personality Psychology 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonology Revisited 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eName Index 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubject Index 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWalter Mischel\u003c\/b\u003e, PhD, is a Niven Professor of Humane Letters in Psychology at Columbia University.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYuichi Shoda\u003c\/b\u003e is the author of \u003ci\u003eIntroduction to Personality: Toward an Integrative Science of the Person\u003c\/i\u003e, 8th Edition, published by Wiley.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOzlem Ayduk\u003c\/b\u003e is the author of \u003ci\u003eIntroduction to Personality: Toward an Integrative Science of the Person\u003c\/i\u003e, 8th Edition, published by Wiley.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989464465637,"sku":"NP9780470087657","price":194.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470087657.jpg?v=1761784205","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/introduction-to-personality-isbn-9780470087657","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}