Introduction to Biophotonics

The first comprehensive and authoritative introductory work on biophotonics

Biophotonics involves the use of photonics, the technology of generating and harnessing light and other radiant energy, for biological purposes. In fact, four major technologies – lasers, photonics, nanotechnology, and biotechnology – are integrated into biophotonics, placing it at the intersection of physical, biological, and engineering sciences. Introduction to Biophotonics provides a much-needed primer on this emerging discipline.

Paras Prasad's text provides a basic knowledge of a broad range of topics so that individuals in all disciplines can rapidly acquire the minimal necessary background for research and development in biophotonics. The book serves as both a textbook for education and training as well as a reference book that aids research and development of those areas integrating light, photonics, and biological systems. Each chapter contains a topic introduction, a review of key data, and description of future directions for technical innovation. Introduction to Biophotonics covers the basic principles of

• Optics
• Optical spectroscopy
• Microscopy

Along with applications to:

• Biochemistry
• Biology
• Health sciences

Each section also includes illustrated examples and review questions to test and advance the reader's knowledge. Sections on biosensors and chemosensors, important tools for combating biological and chemical terrorism, will be of particular interest to professionals in toxicology and other environmental disciplines. Introduction to Biophotonics proves a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in engineering, chemistry, and the life sciences.

Eine Einführung in die Biophotonik für fortgeschrittene Studenten, Doktoranden und Forscher.
- Biophotonik ist die Technologie zur Erzeugung von Strahlung und deren Anwendung in biologischen Untersuchungen
- interdisziplinäres Gebiet, das Elemente der Lasertechnik, Photonik, Nanotechnologie und Biotechnologie vereint
- Buch behandelt die jeweiligen naturwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen, erläutert die Prinzipien der Optik, der Mikroskopie und der optischen Spektroskopie
- diskutiert Anwendungen aus Biologie, Biochemie und Medizin

Preface xv

Acknowledgments xvii

1. Introduction 1

2. Fundamentals of Light and Matter 11

3. Basics of Biology 50

4. Fundamentals of Light-Matter Interactions 92

5. Principles of Lasers, Current Laser Technology, and Nonlinear Optics 129

6. Photobiology 159 6.1 Photobiology—At the Core of Biophotonics 160

7. Bioimaging: Principles and Techniques 203

8. Bioimaging: Applications 255

9.Optical Biosensors 311

10.Microarray Technology for Genomics and Proteomics 357

11. Flow Cytometry 390

12. Light-Activated Therapy: Photodynamic Therapy 433

13. Tissue Engineering with Light 464

14. Laser Tweezers and Laser Scissors 482

15.Nanotechnology for Biophotonics: Bionanophotonics 520

16. Biomaterials for Photonics 545

References 569

Index 573

"...destined to become part of the canon of science books whose farreaching influences help make history." (Journal of Biomedical Optics, May/June 2005)

"The author has provided a wonderful resource, and created a must have book for those interested in the field of biophotonics." (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, September 2004)

"Prasad has what it take to assemble a survey of the fundamentals and applications in a manner that is undoubtedly of interest to not only 'those involved in health, safety, and environmental disciplines' but also to basic scientists and engineers." (Journal of the American Chemical Society, Sept 29, 2004)

"…an interesting and very readable book that provides an excellent introduction to the field of biophotonics. The lucid discussion is complimented by numerous and helpful figures. I recommend it with enthusiasm." (The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 7, March 2004)

"...provides an excellent and thorough introduction to the key areas of researchers. Even researchers who work in this field will be pleased with the thorough treatment...and gain an appreciation for how their research fits into the broader context...provides an excellent overview...that will be appreciated by undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers.... I recommend it with enthusiasm." (The Quarterly Review of Biology)

PARAS N. PRASAD, PhD, is the SUNY Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Physics, Electrical Engineering, and Medicine, the Samuel P. Capen Chair, and the Executive Director of the Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics at the University of Buffalo. Professor Prasad received his BS and MS at Bihar University in India, and his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania. He completed his postdoctoral studies at the University of Michigan, and has been recognized as an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow and Guggenheim Fellow. Professor Prasad teaches biophotonics at the University of Buffalo and is also a special lecturer for biophotonics courses at the SPIE.

Paras Prasad's text provides a basic knowledge of a broad range of topics so that individuals in all disciplines can rapidly acquire the minimal necessary background for research and development in biophotonics. Introduction to Biophotonics serves as both a textbook for education and training as well as a reference book that aids research and development of those areas integrating light, photonics, and biological systems. Each chapter contains a topic introduction, a review of key data, and description of future directions for technical innovation. Introduction to Biophotonics covers the basic principles of

• Optics
• Optical spectroscopy
• Microscopy

Each section also includes illustrated examples and review questions to test and advance the reader's knowledge. Sections on biosensors and chemosensors, important tools for combating biological and chemical terrorism, will be of particular interest to professionals in toxicology and other environmental disciplines. Introduction to Biophotonics proves a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in engineering, chemistry, and the life sciences.