{"product_id":"hazards-of-nitrogen-and-other-inert-gases-isbn-9781394330263","title":"Hazards of Nitrogen and Other Inert Gases","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn authoritative discussion of safety considerations for professionals and operators working with or around nitrogen and other inert gases\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eHazards of Nitrogen and Other Inert Gases: How They Can Be Safely Managed\u003c\/i\u003e, experienced refinery supervisor and manager M. Darryl Yoes delivers a thorough discussion of the use of nitrogen and other inert gases in the refining industry and other industries where they are commonly used. The author includes a complete exploration of the hazards of working with and around nitrogen, as well as case studies of incidents involving nitrogen in both gas and cryogenic forms, and other inert gases, including carbon dioxide, argon, and neon. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYoes walks readers through the most critical safety aspects of working with asphyxiants such as inert confined space entry and discusses how to avoid and prevent catastrophic incidents. The book offers self-quizzes, essential terms, key workflows, and checklists for routine practice. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReaders will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA thorough background on nitrogen use and the hazards that flow from working with it\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComprehensive explorations of incidents involving asphyxiation, hypoxia, and cold burns resulting from nitrogen (gas and liquid form) and other inert gases\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePractical discussions of the prevention of catastrophic incidents involving inert gases\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdditional discussions of other inert gases, including carbon dioxide and helium\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerfect for all operations personnel who work with or around asphyxiants, including petroleum refining and petrochemical plant operators, line supervisors, and process and mechanical engineers, this book will also benefit new operators and advanced students learning about or working with nitrogen and other inert gases. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote to the Reader xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Author xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The Properties, Uses, and Safety Hazards of Nitrogen 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The Properties, Uses, and Safety Hazards of Other Inert Gases 13\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Argon (Ar) 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Helium (He) (Overview) 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Neon (Ne) 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Krypton (Kr) 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Xenon (Xe) 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Light Hydrocarbons 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The Effects of Nitrogen and Other Asphyxiants on the Body (Oxygen Deprivation) 25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Protection for Personnel Against Inert Gas Asphyxiation and\/or Cold Burns 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Adequate Warning Signs and Barricades 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Personnel Gas Monitors and Continuous Gas Quality Monitoring and Alarms 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Use of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 The Documented Work Permit (The Authorization for Specified Work to Begin Issued by an Authorized and Designated Individual) 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 The Union Carbide Nitrogen Asphyxiation Incident -- Date of Incident 27 March 1998 Investigated by the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board Final Report Issued 23 February 1999 (Report Number 98-05-I-LA) 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Confined Space Entry 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Protection Against Supercold Liquids such as Liquid Nitrogen 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Confined Space Entry -- The Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standard (29 CFR 1910.146) and Some Key OSHA 'Letters of Interpretations' 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 The US OSHA Confined Space Regulation '29 CFR 1910.146 -- Permit Required Confined Spaces' 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Confined Space Entry Letters of Interpretation by OSHA (Standard 29 CFR 1910.146) 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The Hazard of Contaminated Breathing Air and How It Can Kill 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 The Use of Utility Air or Instrument Air as Breathing Air Should Not Be Permitted 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Fatalities Due to Using Blended or Manufactured Breathing Air 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Requirements for Breathing Air to Ensure Quality (from the OHSA Technical Manual on Respiratory Protection) 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Summary of OSHA Requirements for Breathing Air Quality 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Notes from the Regulation and the OSHA Technical Manual on Respiratory Protection 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Other Specific Requirements 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Most Frequent Causes of Nitrogen Asphyxiation and How to Address Them 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 More on Safe Utility Connections 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 The Hazards of Inert Entry and an Overview of the Process (Includes Case Studies of What Has Happened) 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Background 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Specialized Inert Entry Procedures 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Inert Entry Planning 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 The Job Safety Analysis 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Acceptable Inert Atmosphere 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Inert Gas Supply and Quality 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Breathing Air System 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Assuring Breathing Air Quality 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 The Contractor Selection Process 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Life Support Equipment 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 Confined Space and Inert Entry Rescue Plan 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.12 Video Surveillance Equipment\/Rescue Equipment 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.13 Reactor Preparation for Entry 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14 Caution 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.15 Catalyst Crusting (Another Caution) 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 How is the Industry Responding to This Increase in Carbon Dioxide? 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Safety Aspects of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage (CCUS) 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Nitrogen Asphyxiation Case Studies, and Asphyxiation by Other Inert Gases 143\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 What Has Happened \/ What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 1 -- Nitrogen Asphyxiation 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 What Has Happened \/ What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 2 -- Nitrogen Asphyxiation 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 What Has Happened \/ What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 3 -- Argon Asphyxiation 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 What Has Happened \/ What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 4 -- Argon Asphyxiation 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 What Has Happened \/ What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 5 -- Carbon Dioxide Asphyxiation 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 What Has Happened \/ What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 6 -- Low Oxygen Content (Asphyxiation) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 What Has Happened \/ What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 7 -- Employee Dies due to Asphyxiation from Oxygen Displacement 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 What Has Happened \/ What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 8 -- An Explosion Occurred While Unloading Liquid Nitrogen at an Ice Cream Facility\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(10 Injured) 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 What Has Happened \/ What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 9 -- Fatality of Welder in Confined Space Welding in the Presence of Argon 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 What Has Happened \/ What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 10 -- A Summary of Incidents Involving 'Would-be Rescuers' 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Summary of Additional Actions to Help Prevent Asphyxiation Incidents at Our Facilities 171\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Additional Discussion of Liquid Nitrogen Use in Ice Cream Shops 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd of Book Quiz 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendices: 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Answers to the End of Chapter Quizzes 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 Answers to the End of Book Quiz 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 Documented Incidents Involving Nitrogen Resulting in Fatalities or\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerious Injury 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 251\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eM. Darryl Yoes\u003c\/b\u003e is an experienced refinery supervisor and manager with over fifty years’ experience in the industry. He is a process safety management consultant for refining and petrochemical plants, as well as a construction safety management consultant for major construction projects around the US. Mr. Yoes is the author of \u003ci\u003eProcess Operations Safety: The What, Why, and How Behind Safe Petrochemical Plant Operations\u003c\/i\u003e, published by Wiley (2025).   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn authoritative discussion of safety considerations for professionals and operators working with or around nitrogen and other inert gases\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eHazards of Nitrogen and Other Inert Gases: How They Can Be Safely Managed\u003c\/i\u003e, experienced refinery supervisor and manager M. Darryl Yoes delivers a thorough discussion of the use of nitrogen and other inert gases in the refining industry and other industries where they are commonly used. The author includes a complete exploration of the hazards of working with and around nitrogen, as well as case studies of incidents involving nitrogen in both gas and cryogenic forms, and other inert gases, including carbon dioxide, argon, and neon. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYoes walks readers through the most critical safety aspects of working with asphyxiants such as inert confined space entry and discusses how to avoid and prevent catastrophic incidents. The book offers self-quizzes, essential terms, key workflows, and checklists for routine practice. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReaders will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA thorough background on nitrogen use and the hazards that flow from working with it\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComprehensive explorations of incidents involving asphyxiation, hypoxia, and cold burns resulting from nitrogen (gas and liquid form) and other inert gases\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePractical discussions of the prevention of catastrophic incidents involving inert gases\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdditional discussions of other inert gases, including carbon dioxide and helium\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerfect for all operations personnel who work with or around asphyxiants, including petroleum refining and petrochemical plant operators, line supervisors, and process and mechanical engineers, this book will also benefit new operators and advanced students learning about or working with nitrogen and other inert gases.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989348466917,"sku":"NP9781394330263","price":135.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781394330263.jpg?v=1761783764","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/hazards-of-nitrogen-and-other-inert-gases-isbn-9781394330263","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}