{"product_id":"handbook-of-polymer-synthesis-characterization-and-processing-isbn-9780470630327","title":"Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing","description":"Covering a broad range of polymer science topics, \u003ci\u003eHandbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing\u003c\/i\u003e provides polymer industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive handbook summarizing all aspects involved in the polymer production chain. The handbook focuses on industrially important polymers, analytical techniques, and formulation methods, with chapters covering step-growth, radical, and co-polymerization, crosslinking and grafting, reaction engineering, advanced technology applications, including conjugated, dendritic, and nanomaterial polymers and emulsions, and characterization methods, including spectroscopy, light scattering, and microscopy. \u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContributors xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Basic Concepts 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to Polymers and Polymer Types 3\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEnrique Saldívar-Guerra and Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction to Polymers 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Classification of Polymers 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Nomenclature 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Polymer States and Properties 15\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJ. Betzabe González-Campos, Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas, Diana G. Zárate-Triviño, Arturo Mendoza-Galván, Evgen Prokhorov, Francisco Villaseñor-Ortega, and Isaac C. Sanchez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Glass Transition Temperature (α-Relaxation) Controversy in Chitin, Chitosan, and PVA 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Glass Transition Related to the α-Relaxation 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Moisture Content Effects on Polymer’s Molecular Relaxations 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Dielectric Fundamentals 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Chitin, Chitosan, and PVA Films Preparation for Dielectric Measurements 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Dielectric Relaxations in Chitin: Evidence for a Glass Transition 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Dielectric Relaxations in Neutralized and Nonneutralized Chitosan: The Stronger Water Content Effect on the α-Relaxation and the Glass Transition Phenomenon 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 PVA Dielectric Relaxations 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Polymer Synthesis and Modification 41\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Step-Growth Polymerization 43\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLuis E. Elizalde, Gladys de los Santos-Villarreal, José L. Santiago-García, and Manuel Aguilar-Vega\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Polymerization Kinetics 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Polyamides 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Polyimides 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Polyesters 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Inorganic Condensation Polymers 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Dendrimers 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Thermoset Polycondensation Polymers 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Controlled Molecular Weight Condensation Polymers 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Free Radical Polymerization 65\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRamiro Guerrero-Santos, Enrique Saldívar-Guerra, and José Bonilla-Cruz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Basic Mechanism 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Other Free Radical Reactions 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Kinetics and Polymerization Rate 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Experimental Determination of Rate Constants 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Thermodynamics of Polymerization 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Controlled Radical Polymerization 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Coordination Polymerization 85\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoão B. P. Soares and Odilia Pérez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Polymer Types 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Catalyst Types 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Coordination Polymerization Mechanism 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Polymerization Kinetics and Mathematical Modeling 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Copolymerization 105\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarc A. Dubé, Enrique Saldívar-Guerra, and Iván Zapata-González\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Types of Copolymers 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Copolymer Composition and Microstructure 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Reaction Conditions: Considerations 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Anionic Polymerization 127\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRoderic Quirk\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Living Anionic Polymerization 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 General Considerations 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Kinetics and Mechanism of Polymerization 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Stereochemistry 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Copolymerization of Styrenes and Dienes 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Synthetic Applications of Living Anionic Polymerization 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Cationic Polymerizations 163\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFilip E. Du Prez, Eric J. Goethals, and Richard Hoogenboom\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Carbocationic Polymerization 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Summary and Prospects 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Crosslinking 187\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJulio César Hernández-Ortiz and Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Background on Polymer Networks 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Main Chemical Routes for Synthesis of Polymer Networks 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Characterization of Polymer Networks and Gels 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Theory and Mathematical Modeling of Crosslinking 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A Calculation of Average Chain Length 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B Calculation of Sol and Gel Fractions 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Polymer Modification: Functionalization and Grafting 205\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJosé Bonilla-Cruz, Mariamne Dehonor, Enrique Saldívar-Guerra, and Alfonso González-Montiel\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 General Concepts 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Graft Copolymers 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Polymer Additives 225\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRudolf Pfaendner\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Antioxidants 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 PVC Heat Stabilizers 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Light Stabilizers 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Flame Retardants 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Plasticizers 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Scavenging Agents 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Additives to Enhance Processing 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Additives to Modify Plastic Surface Properties 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Additives to Modify Polymer Chain Structures 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Additives to Influence Morphology and Crystallinity of Polymers 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Antimicrobials 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.13 Additives to Enhance Thermal Conductivity 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14 Active Protection Additives (Smart Additives) 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.15 Odor Masking 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.16 Animal Repellents 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.17 Markers 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.18 Blowing Agents 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.19 Summary and Trends in Polymer Additives 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Polymerization Processes and Engineering 249\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Polymer Reaction Engineering 251\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlexander Penlidis, Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima, Julio César Hernández-Ortiz, and Enrique Saldívar-Guerra\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Mathematical Modeling of Polymerization Processes 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Useful Tips on Polymer Reaction Engineering (PRE) and Modeling 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Examples of Several Free Radical (Co)Polymerization Schemes and the Resulting Kinetic and Molecular Weight Development Equations 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Bulk and Solution Processes 273\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarco A. Villalobos and Jon Debling\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Definition 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 History 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Processes for Bulk and Solution Polymerization 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Energy Considerations 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Mass Considerations 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Dispersed-Phase Polymerization Processes 295\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJorge Herrera-Ordóñez, Enrique Saldívar-Guerra, and Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Emulsion Polymerization 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Microemulsion Polymerization 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Miniemulsion Polymerization 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Applications of Polymer Latexes 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Dispersion and Precipitation Polymerizations 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Suspension Polymerization 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Controlled Radical Polymerization (CRP) in Aqueous Dispersions 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 New Polymerization Processes 317\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEduardo Vivaldo-Lima, Carlos Guerrero-Sánchez, Christian H. Hornung, Iraís A. Quintero-Ortega, and Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Polymerizations in Benign or Green Solvents 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Alternative Energy Sources for Polymerization Processes 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Polymerization in Microreactors 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV Polymer Characterization 335\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Polymer Spectroscopy and Compositional Analysis 337\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGladys de los Santos-Villarreal and Luis E. Elizalde\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Elemental Analysis 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Infrared Spectroscopy 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Polymers in Solution 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Mass Spectrometry 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Polymer Molecular Weight Measurement 355\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMaría Guadalupe Neira-Velázquez, María Teresa Rodríguez-Hernández, Ernesto Hernández-Hernández, and Antelmo R. Y. Ruiz-Martínez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Historical Background 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Principles of GPC 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Measurement of Intrinsic Viscosity 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Light Scattering and its Applications in Polymer Characterization 367\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRoberto Alexander-Katz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Principles of Static and Dynamic Light Scattering 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Static Light Scattering by Dilute Polymer Solutions 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Dynamic Light Scattering 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering of Polymer Systems 391\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eCarlos A. Avila-Orta and Francisco J. Medellín-Rodríguez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Polymer Morphology 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Analysis in Reciprocal Space 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Analysis in Real Space 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A Procedure to Obtain Morphological Data from 1D SAXS Profiles 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Microscopy 409\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMariamne Dehonor, Carlos López-Barrón, and Christopher W. Macosko\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Three-Dimensional Microscopy 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Structure and Mechanical Properties of Polymers 425\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eManuel Aguilar-Vega\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Structure of Polymer Chains 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Mechanical Properties of Polymers 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart V Polymer Processing 435\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Polymer Rheology 437\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEstanislao Ortíz-Rodríguez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Introduction to Polymer Rheology Fundamentals 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Linear Viscoelasticity 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Viscometric Techniques for Polymer Melts 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Overview of Constitutive Equations 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Brief Overview on Other Relevant Polymer Rheology Aspects 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Principles of Polymer Processing 451\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLuis F. Ramos-de Valle\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 General 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Compounding 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Extrusion 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Bottle Blowing 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Injection Molding 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 Thermoforming 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Blown Films and Ribbons Extrusion 463\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJorge R. Robledo-Ortíz, Daniel E. Ramírez-Arreola, Denis Rodrigue, and Rubén González-Núñez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Introduction 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Extrusion Processes for Blown Films and Ribbons 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Equations 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Ribbon and Film Dimensions 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Cooling Process and Stretching Force 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6 Morphology and Mechanical Properties 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 Polymer Solutions and Processing 473\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDámaso Navarro Rodríguez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Introduction 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Polymer Solution Thermodynamics and Conformation of Polymer Chains: Basic Concepts 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Semidilute Polymer Solutions 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Processing of Polymer Solutions 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 Wood and Natural Fiber-Based Composites (NFCs) 493\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJorge R. Robledo-Ortíz, Francisco J. Fuentes-Talavera, Rubén González-Núñez, and José A. Silva-Guzmán\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Introduction 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Background 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Raw Materials 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4 Manufacturing Process 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5 Properties of Composite Materials 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.6 Durability 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.7 Factors that Affect Decay of Wood–Plastic Composites 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.8 Uses of Wood–Plastic Composites 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27 Polymer Blends 505\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSaúl Sánchez-Valdes, Luis F. Ramos-de Valle, and Octavio Manero\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Introduction 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Miscibility in Polymer Blends 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 Compatibility in Polymer Blends 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 Techniques for Studying Blend Microstructure 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5 Preparation of Polymer Blends 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6 Factors Influencing the Morphology of a Polymer Blend 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7 Properties of Polymer Blends 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.8 Applications of Polymer Blends 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28 Thermosetting Polymers 519\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJean-Pierre Pascault and Roberto J.J. Williams\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Introduction 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 Chemistries of Network Formation 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.3 Structural Transformations During Network Formation 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.4 Processing 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.5 Conclusions 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart VI Polymers for Advanced Technologies 535\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29 Conducting Polymers 537\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMaría Judith Percino and Víctor Manuel Chapela\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1 Introduction 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2 Historical Background 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3 The Structures of Conducting Polymers 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.4 Charge Storage 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.5 Doping 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.6 Polyanilines 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.7 Charge Transport 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.8 Syntheses 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.9 Conducting Polymers 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.10 Characterization Techniques 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.11 Present and Future Potential 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 Dendritic Polymers 559\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJason Dockendorff and Mario Gauthier\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.1 Introduction 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.2 Dendrimers 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.3 Hyperbranched Polymers 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.4 Dendrigraft Polymers 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.5 Concluding Remarks 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e31 Polymer Nanocomposites 585\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eOctavio Manero and Antonio Sanchez-Solis\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.1 Introduction 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.2 Polyester\/Clay Nanocomposites 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.3 Polyolefin\/Clay Nanocomposites 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.4 Polystyrene\/Clay Nanocomposites 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.5 Polymer\/Carbon Black Nanocomposites 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.6 Nanoparticles of Barium Sulfate 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.7 Polymer\/Graphene Nanocomposites 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.8 Conclusions 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 605\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e“In summary, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization and Processing is a valuable reference work for everyone working in the area of polymer science and technology, and for advanced students who wish to get a good insight into specific aspects of this field.”  (\u003ci\u003eAngew. Chem. Int. Ed\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 February 2014)\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eENRIQUE SALDÍVAR-GUERRA\u003c\/b\u003e is Senior Scientist and Head of the Polymerization Processes Department at the Center for Research on Applied Chemistry in Mexico. Formerly the president of the Mexican Polymer Society, he holds five patents and serves as a reviewer for the \u003ci\u003eJournal of Applied Polymer Science, Industrial \u0026amp; Engineering Chemistry Research,\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eMacromolecular Theory and Simulations,\u003c\/i\u003e among others.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEDUARDO VIVALDO-LIMA\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Faculty of Chemistry at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and External Academic Member of the Institute for Polymer Research of the University of Waterloo in Canada. A former president of the Mexican Polymer Society, Dr. Vivaldo-Lima is a reviewer for quite a number of journals, including \u003ci\u003ePolymer Engineering \u0026amp; Science, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Macromolecular Theory and Simulations,\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eMacromolecular Reaction Engineering.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn introduction and gateway to the entire polymer production chain\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring every stage of the polymer production chain, \u003ci\u003eHandbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing\u003c\/i\u003e serves as a gateway and comprehensive reference to the polymer industry. Chapters have been authored by leading scientists and researchers working in all facets of polymer science and technology. Their contributions are based on a thorough review of the current literature as well as their own firsthand research and industrial experience.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHandbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing\u003c\/i\u003e begins with an introduction to the basic concepts of polymers and polymerization as well as thermodynamic polymer states. Next, the book covers:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ePolymer synthesis, copolymers, and additives\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEngineering principles and polymerization processes, including the latest processing trends\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTechniques for polymer characterization and testing\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePolymer processing principles, techniques, and equipment\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePolymers for advanced technologies, including nanomaterials, dendrimers, and conjugated polymers\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapters have been carefully edited to ensure a consistent, uniform approach throughout the book. Within each chapter, readers will find a clear summary of basic concepts and fundamentals, review of the literature and recent trends, and discussion of current and emerging problems in the field. There is also an extensive list of references at the end of each chapter to facilitate further research into all aspects of the polymer production chain.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHandbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing\u003c\/i\u003e is ideal for both students and professionals interested in a broad range of activities in the polymer industry, including manufacturing, quality control, sales, and research and development.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989339029733,"sku":"NP9780470630327","price":239.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470630327.jpg?v=1761783728","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/handbook-of-polymer-synthesis-characterization-and-processing-isbn-9780470630327","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}